高低温熔体混合处理对过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的影响

采用高低温熔体混合处理工艺研究了熔体混合温度和混合后的保温时间对Al-20%Si过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的影响。熔体混合处理过程中,高温低硅熔体倒入低温高硅熔体进行混合。研究结果表明,熔体混合处理后,Al-20%Si过共晶铝硅合金具有过共晶和亚共晶铝硅合金的组织特点,而初晶硅和α(Al)固溶体同时得到细化。     

Al-P中间合金细化变质过共晶铝硅合金显微组织研究

在过共晶Al-22%Si合金熔体中添加Al-P中间合金,采用光学显微镜观察分析Al-P中间合金对过共晶铝硅合金显微组织细化变质的效果。研究结果显示,未经Al-P中间合金细化变质的Al-22%Si合金显微组织粗大;添加Al-P中间合金的Al-22%Si合金显微组织发生了很大改善,粗大块状初晶硅的尺寸减少,转变为纤维状,针状共晶硅转变为短棒状甚至是颗粒状,获得了良好的细化变质效果。     

过共晶铝硅合金变质处理的研究进展

综述了过共晶铝硅合金变质处理及其细化变质机理的研究进展.采用含磷化合物或含磷合金等细化变质处理过共晶铝硅合金中的初晶硅已取得了良好的效果;变质元素Na、Sr、Ba、Te、Sb、S、Y、Ca、Bi、As、Ce、Nd、RE等元素对共晶硅具有较好的细化变质作用;近年来,同时添加磷和混合稀土复合变质剂,既能细化初晶硅,又能细化共晶硅.寻求具有良好双重变质效果的复合变质剂,深入探讨变质机理已成为今后努力的方向.     

过共晶铝硅合金中初晶硅的变质机理探讨

过共晶铝硅合金中的初晶硅由于晶粒粗大并且有尖锐的棱角,严重的削弱了合金的机械性能,通常我们采用变质处理工艺来改善这一现象。目前很多研究表明硅元素变质的机理主要是孪晶凹谷机制。但是研究的对象都集中于亚共晶铝硅合金中的共晶硅。而对于含硅量高的过共晶铝硅合金．目前的研究内容是过共晶铝硅合金中的共晶硅或磷元素变质中的初晶硅的变质机理。对于钠盐变质的过共晶组织中初晶硅的变质机理未见报道．而恰恰初晶硅对过共晶组织性能的影响最深刻。因此实验研究对象锁定为钠盐变质的初晶硅变质机理。并且使用透射电子显微镜．通过标定透射衍射斑点研究硅相的变质机理。结果证明：变质元素的富集和择优吸附对共晶硅和初晶硅都是有效的,但实际上变质元素对两种硅相的变质效果是不同的。     

过共晶铝硅合金细化变质剂的研究

研究了一种过共晶铝硅合金的复合细化变质剂,具有同时细化初晶硅和变质共晶硅的良好效果,变质处理的过共晶铝硅合金中的块状初晶硅最大尺寸和杆状共晶硅长度尺寸均小于１００μｍ,其力学性能超过了目前国内外相同成分的过共晶铝硅合金。     

变质工艺对亚共晶Al-Si合金共晶硅细化的影响

研究了工业生产Sr变质亚共晶Al-7%Si合金时,变质剂含量、变质温度、变质时间、浇注温度等工艺参数对合金共晶硅细化及其性能的影响。结果表明,在大规模工业化生产中,上述工艺参数严重影响共晶硅的变质效果。采用Al-10%Sr对亚共晶Al-7%Si合金进行变质,在w(Sr)=0.015%时,保温40min后,共晶团内的Si完全成为圆颗粒状,尺寸为5～10μm,达到最佳变质效果。采用Sr变质亚共晶Al-7%Si合金最佳变质温度为700℃,变质后共晶硅组织分布均匀;浇注温度为640℃时的铸件宏观组织最佳,晶粒度可稳定的达到2级,升高浇注温度,晶粒度提高。精炼后,变质时间为30～60min进行浇注,试样针孔度最小,熔体洁净程度高。     

过共晶铝—硅合金变质的试验研究

试验研究了Al-23%Si、Al-25%Si、Al-28%Si合金的磷,稀土变质,磷与稀土联合变质和磷铜与钠联合变质的变质效果。结果表明:磷只能细化初晶硅;稀土只能细化共晶硅;磷与稀土联合变质时,具有叠加效果,既细化了初晶硅,又细化了共晶硅;磷铜与钠联合变质只能变质共晶硅。抗拉强度主要受初晶硅粒度及形状的影响,延伸率主要受共晶组织形态的影响。     

Al-P变质对过共晶Al-Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

介绍了磷变质处理对过共晶铝硅合金显微组织的影响.首先采用不同含量的磷变质剂细化变质初晶硅,然后采用热处理的方式细化共晶硅,得到了磷变质剂的最佳加入量,并介绍了细化后合金的组织和力学性能.结果表明,通过该工艺能得到完全粒化的共晶硅,初晶硅晶粒较小,平均晶粒尺寸约为15μm.经T6处理后材料的抗拉强度可以达到358.367 MPa.     

Al-8%Si铝硅亚共晶合金电磁离心铸造凝固组织研究

采用电磁离心铸造的方法制各Al-8%Si的铝硅亚共晶合金空心管坯,研究了电磁场(electromagnetic ficId,EMF)对合金凝固宏观及微观组织的影响.结果表明,与传统离心铸造的铝硅亚共晶合金微观组织相比,施加电磁场后凝固组织中α-Al相得到细化,柱状晶随磁场强度增加逐渐成为等轴晶;共晶硅相尺寸在减小,片层间距增加,在硅片层间发现了断裂的共晶硅颗粒.     

磷、锶复合变质对Al-24%Si合金组织形貌的影响

探讨了磷、锶及其复合变质加入顺序对Al-24%Si合金组织形貌的影响。结果表明:磷对初晶硅的细化起作用;锶对共晶硅起细化作用,但能裂解初晶硅。先加磷后加锶复合变质时,共晶硅呈圆点状,细化作用较单一锶变质时好,但对初晶硅的细化变质效果不明显;先加锶后加磷复合变质时,初晶硅的尺寸更加细小,其变质效果较单一磷变质好,但对共晶硅的作用不明显。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.