含辣椒素防污涂料在海洋网箱网衣中应用研究

以辣椒素为海洋附着生物防污剂 ,开发出的防污期长、无毒环保且高效防污涂料用于海水养殖网衣材料中 ,经过浅海挂网试验 ,结果证明涂有辣椒素防污涂料的网衣材料具有极佳的防污效果。本文进一步讨论防污涂料的防污效果及影响防污效果的诸多因素     

细菌生物膜与海洋附着生物之间的生化作用

综述了生物附着过程中细菌生物膜与海洋附着生物之间复杂的生化作用。生物膜中有些菌株对生物附着起抑制作用,有些菌株对生物附着起促进作用。防污涂料表面的细菌生物膜对涂料的防污性能和污损生物的附着有不同程度的影响。     

天然防污剂的研究现状

许多天然产物及其提取物均具有一定的防污活性,将其开发为高效无毒的环境友好型防污剂已成为防污技术发展的趋势。主要论述了将天然陆生植物以及天然海洋生物中海洋植物、海洋无脊椎动物和海洋微生物作为防污剂的研究现状。     

海洋防污涂料领域值得注意的新动向

一、防污涂料发展的一般情况船舶、海洋钻井平台、海水冷却管道均需涂防污涂料,用以防止海水中附着生物藤壶等的附着而造成的污损。现在实用的防污涂料都含有毒化合物,防污涂料主要靠防污毒剂(简称防污剂)起防污作用。当防污剂从漆膜中渗出时,在漆膜表面形成有毒环境,阻止海生物附着生长,从而达到防除海生物的目的。现在常用的防     

含PTFE氟碳涂层表面形貌对底栖硅藻附着的影响

研制了分别添加10%、20%、30%PTFE粉末的氟碳涂料,利用扫描电镜和表面形貌仪研究了涂层中PTFE含量对涂层表面形貌的影响,借助生物、体视显微镜和图像分析方法研究了涂层形貌对海洋底栖硅藻附着的影响。结果表明,随着氟碳涂层中PTFE含量的增加,涂层的表面粗糙度降低,涂层上底栖硅藻的附着量随之减少。底栖硅藻在水平放置涂层上的附着量远高于在竖立放置涂层上的附着量,并且更易于附着于表面存在微细缝隙的涂层上。这些结果为研发新型无毒低表面能防污涂料提供了实验和科学依据。     

无毒和低毒防污涂料的研究进展及存在问题

防污涂料作为一个有效解决海生物污损的方法,在船舶、海洋水下设施上得到广泛应用。随着环保意识的增强以及各种相关规定的制订,各国开始竞相研制开发新型无毒和低毒防污涂料。本文在介绍无毒和低毒防污剂、防污涂料的种类、研究现状、应用效果的基础上,论述了从防污剂的筛选到防污涂料实船实验的一系列研制过程以及研制过程中存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

最近防污涂料及其评价

<正> 一、防污涂料的演变方向作为船体外板的船底涂料中最受重视的船底防污涂料(Anti-fouling point 以下简称 A/F)的渗出物,以往的涂料普遍是以氧化亚铜为渗出物的,这是众所共知的。这种A/F 是以防止海洋动物(如藤壶、龙介虫、紫贻贝、海鞘等)附着为目的的,而对防止     

壳聚糖微球的制备及其对防污剂Sea-Nine 211缓释性能的研究

采用乳化交联法中的复乳法(o/w/o型)制备负载Sea-Nine 211的壳聚糖(CS)微球,并用扫描电镜和红外光谱对其结构及形貌进行了表征。应用正交试验设计,考察了壳聚糖浓度、投料比、交联剂浓度对微球制备的影响。载有疏水性防污剂Sea-Nine 211的壳聚糖微球的包覆率和缓释性能都比较良好,缓释的防污剂对海洋硅藻三角褐指藻的生长有抑制作用。     

壳聚糖微球的制备及其对防污剂Sea-Nine 211缓释性能的研究

采用乳化交联法中的复乳法(o/w/o型)制备负载Sea-Nine 211的壳聚糖(CS)微球,并用扫描电镜和红外光谱对其结构及形貌进行了表征。应用正交试验设计,考察了壳聚糖浓度、投料比、交联剂浓度对微球制备的影响。载有疏水性防污剂Sea-Nine 211的壳聚糖微球的包覆率和缓释性能都比较良好,缓释的防污剂对海洋硅藻三角褐指藻的生长有抑制作用。     

环境友好型防污剂及海洋防污涂料的研究进展

本文概括了海洋生物的附着过程及其影响因素,介绍了环境友好型防污剂与海洋防污涂料的发展概况,并对未来环境友好型防污涂料的发展作了展望。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.