基于Internet的虚拟企业资源计划V-ERP

虚拟企业（VE）是随着Internet而出现的。随着VE的出现,经历了从MRP、MRPⅡ到ERP的发展过程的计划技术必须跟着演进。文章在分析计划技术发展过程的基础上提出了基于Internet的虚拟企业资源计划（V－ERP）。V－ERP是由顾客需求驱动的,它可以集成不同计划方法来制订虚拟企业中所有合作伙伴的计划。文章分析了V－ERP的特点,并讨论了其构成。     

虚拟企业制造资源计划V_MRPII系统分析与设计

根据虚拟企业的特点,对虚拟企业生产制造过程进行分析,认为虚拟企业的生产制造与一般企业的生产制造管理模式的最大区别在于它是以项目驱动的典型的ETO生产方式,因此其生产计划体系与传统的制造资源计划MRPII不同,传统的MRP处理逻辑不适应虚拟企业的生产过程。文章根据虚拟企业的特征提出了一个面向虚拟企业的制造资源计划V_MRPII。该系统改变了传统的生产计划与控制模式,实现了面向虚拟企业进行资源的优化。     

IT与企业计划技术的演变

随着信息技术从单机到数据库技术、网络技术的发展,企业计划技术也经历了从MRP到MRPⅡ、ERP的发展过程。目前Internet的普及以及随之而来的全球化（Globalization）、大量顾客化（Mass customization）等趋势使得计划技术又面临着新的挑战。本文提出了基于Interent的、跨越企业范围来利用多个企业资源的在线计划技术(OLP),并讨论了在线计划的基本框架与构成。     

基于因特网环境的虚拟企业资源计划VERP

因特网环境下,企业为了抓住机遇、快速响应市场、赢得竞争,就必须进行面向虚拟企业的资源计划。该文提出并研究了因特网环境下的虚拟企业资源计划VERP;规划出虚拟企业资源计划系统,包括系统层次结构设计、功能模块结构设计、数据库服务器结构设计。     

基于Web Services和MA的虚拟企业架构

虚拟企业是企业间的一种动态联盟,它面向全球范围的企业资源,通过构建VE联盟之间的快速重组,实现联盟企业之间的敏捷化和柔性化.因此它是未来企业生产经营和市场竞争的发展模式.随着市场竞争的日趋激烈和信息技术的高速发展,对虚拟企业的发展提出了更高的要求.为了解决虚拟企业耦合度过高、缺乏柔性等问题,在分析了Web服务和多代理技术在虚拟企业中应用的必要性和可行性基础上,提出了基于Web服务和多代理的虚拟企业架构,并给出了一个改进模型.     

虚拟企业ERP的结构与功能研究*

分析了ERP系统在虚拟企业中应用所存在问题,研究了适用于虚拟企业的资源计划系统VERP的结构与功能,指出VERP须采用基于Internet的B/S模式,并提出了VERP的功能框架。     

支持虚拟企业项目管理的工作流管理系统

在研究工作流参考模型的基础上,指出在虚拟企业(VE)动态分布环境下WfMS的建立应具备的原则。分析了在VE环境下项目管理及其过程模型,认为项目管理与WfMS的结合在VE研究中具有重要意义。最后,根据工作流参考模型以及VE中项目管理的特点,建立一种支持项目管理的WfMS来驱动项目管理中任务执行,并给出具体实现方案。     

INTERNET时代财务信息系统功能设计思想的探讨

文章系统地分析了Internet技术对传统财务信息系统功能的影向,探讨性地提出了应用业务流程重组(Business Process Rebuilding,简称BPR)、超媒体／多媒体、虚拟企业、群体决策支持系统(Group Decision Support System,简称GDSS)、智能Agent、WEB及BAPI等技术来构建Internet时代财务信息系统功能的设计思想.     

Agent技术在虚拟企业创建过程中的应用研究

虚拟企业（virtual enterprise，VE）被认为是21世纪最有竞争力的企业运行模式，它面向全球范围的企业资源，通过构建VE的联盟之间的快速重组，实现联盟企业之间的敏捷化和柔性化。如何选择伙伴企业，则是VE创建过程中的关键。文章首先采用了分布式对象技术以支持VE创建时的需要；然后提取了用于伙伴企业选择的Agent基本属性；规划了伙伴企业选择过程；最后用多Agent技术为VE构建一个支持动态联盟的多Agent远程制造系统。     

虚拟企业运营过程中项目调度和执行策略

分析了在虚拟企业（VE）环境下项目管理的特点及其过程模型。给出了一种适合虚拟企业运营特点，基于关键路径的项目任务调度算法。同时将项目管理与工作流管理系统（WfMS)相结合，采用并行的项目任务执行策略以提高执行效率。     

行业版ERP软件研发中的计划管理方法

把MRP的理念引入到基于系统化软件复用的行业版ERP软件研发的计划管理领域中。对有形产品与ERP软件产晶的相似性和差异性进行了分析，研究了在行业版ERP软件研发中引入MRP方法的可行性，提出了一种MRP和GT相结合的、针对行业版ERP软件研发中计划管理的解决方案。     

Grid enabled MRP process improvement under distributed database environment

The material requirement planning (MRP) process is crucial when software packages, like enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, are used in the production planning for manufacturing enterprises to ensure that appropriate quantities of raw materials and subassemblies are provided at the right time. Whereas little attention has been paid to the architectural aspects of MRP process in academic studies, in practice, reports are often made of its time consuming characteristics due to intensive interactions with databases and difficulty in real time processing. This paper proposes a grid enabled MRP process in a distributed database environment and demonstrates the performance improvement of the proposed process by a simulation study.     

Enterprise Resource Planning as the Trojan Horse for New Rules of Operations Management

The control of operations, for example; the flow of materials, the scheduling of production, the planning of capacity – these are central problem in operations management. A substantial body of technique, with attendant technologies, has been developed to facilitate the problem of control of operations. One such technique is Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP). This technique has developed in power and scope in concert with the development of power in computer based technology. From the perspective of the operations management literature, MRP has evolved into MRP II, and now into Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). MRP, and MRP II are systems that are embedded within the operations function, and can be controlled legitimately by the operations function; ERP is fundamentally different. ERP systems in their model implementation are enterprise wide, integrated systems. As an enterprise wide system, ERP has created an opportunity to distance the power to influence operations actions from the location of the function. This change has significant implications for the companies adopting the technology, and more specifically, for the profession of operations management. This paper develops a framework of analysis for this change, presents a set of small cases, and discusses some implications that can be drawn from the analysis. The “three arenas of information use – sense making, knowledge creating, and decision making” (Choo 1998, p.3) must be allowed to energize each other and this can only happen if organization wide information systems, such as ERP, respect and empower situated action, enable ambiguity, and allow the use of multiple interpretive frames as managers interact with the situations of operations management.     

基于SOA的制造业MRPⅡ系统的研究与实现

随着制造资源计划(MRPⅡ)在制造行业的推广和应用,如何设计一个业务敏捷的MRPⅡ系统已经成为一种发展趋势。本文依据某制造企业的实际情况,结合面向服务构架(SOA)理念,设计出一种基于SOA的MRPⅡ系统的实现方案,着重研究了生产管理模块的设计与实现,详细分析生产管理的主要模块如MRP计算等,最后详细介绍了该系统4层架构的实现。     

A MIP based heuristic for capacitated MRP systems

Although Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is the most widely used production planning tool in today’s manufacturing companies, its inability to perform an exhaustive capacity planning, lack of a comprehensive and integrated shop floor extension and using constant and inflated lead times necessitate intelligent methods for developing cost effective production plans. A single optimization model might be employed to overcome these limitations, but it would be intractable to use it in large manufacturing systems. Hence, in this paper, we propose a heuristic method called Capacity Allocater and Scheduler, CAS, to eliminate drawbacks of MRP systems and provide solutions for large-scale instances. The CAS procedure, based on iteratively solving relaxed Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) models, is built on a lot sizing and scheduling framework, which considers both supply alternatives and lot size restrictions simultaneously. Finally, we give a detailed numerical example to demonstrate how CAS may be used in practice, and provide our concluding remarks.     

A MIP based heuristic for capacitated MRP systems

Although Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is the most widely used production planning tool in today’s manufacturing companies, its inability to perform an exhaustive capacity planning, lack of a comprehensive and integrated shop floor extension and using constant and inflated lead times necessitate intelligent methods for developing cost effective production plans. A single optimization model might be employed to overcome these limitations, but it would be intractable to use it in large manufacturing systems. Hence, in this paper, we propose a heuristic method called Capacity Allocater and Scheduler, CAS, to eliminate drawbacks of MRP systems and provide solutions for large-scale instances. The CAS procedure, based on iteratively solving relaxed Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) models, is built on a lot sizing and scheduling framework, which considers both supply alternatives and lot size restrictions simultaneously. Finally, we give a detailed numerical example to demonstrate how CAS may be used in practice, and provide our concluding remarks.     

A matrix formulation for integrating assembly trees and manufacturing resource planning with capacity constraints

This paper introduces a new matrix-based formulation for assembly trees which facilitates solving the manufacturing resource planning (MRP) problem including resource constraints for a large class of problems. The algorithm seamlessly integrates assembly tree information, capacity requirements, and traditional manufacturing resource planning; the algorithm allows for a large class of capacity limitations, and solves these problems without requiring a manager to iteratively adjust the MRP schedule.     

Structuring and configuration of CIM systems for branch-specific medium-sized enterprises

Strong international competition makes it necessary for an enterprise to reduce organizational overhead and costs. This goal can be reached by integrating of the available islands of automation. This integration would be facilitated greatly if there were a generally agreed upon architectural structure in which the software modules of the various vendors could operate. CIMOSA (computer integrated manufacturing—open system architecture) aims at providing such an architectural structure and strives to become a European standard. An important part of CIMOSA consists of the enterprise model. In this article the results of a project are described which is aimed at the validation of CIMOSA in a typical SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) environment. In a first step, the CIMOSA partial and particular models for SMEs were developed. The authors developed a coarse model of the order management and a detailed model of the future concept of the CAD/PPC interface. In order to master the increasing complexity of the planning of software systems of an enterprise, new planning methods and tools are required. Thus in the second part, an integrated approach to software system planning and selection based on CIMOSA enterprise models was developed. The underlying idea of the approach is the conversion of the planning problem into an equivalent constraint satisfaction problem. The conversion process can be accomplished fully automatically. To interconnect a real system, in a lot of cases, it is required to configure data conversion modules. In the third part, the article focuses on a configuration system which allows a straightforward configuration of the data conversion modules.