一种基于三维建图和虚拟现实的人机交互系统

以提高人机共融水平为目的,以救援机器人为背景,提出并实现基于三维建图和虚拟现实(VR)技术的人机交互系统.在该系统中,救援机器人基于多线激光雷达和惯性测量单元(IMU)实时构建环境的三维点云地图,并将建图结果增量式地表示为3D-NDT地图,实时传输至操作台的虚拟现实系统中可视化;同时,操作人员利用虚拟现实系统的交互设备生成机器人的控制指令,控制机器人运动,构成一个完整的人在回路的人机交互系统.该系统在将机器人环境实时在虚拟现实中可视化的基础上,可以给操作人员以极强的沉浸感,有利于操作人员更直接地理解机器人所处环境.此外,该系统作为一种新的人机交互方式,为提高人与机器人的自然交互水平提供了新思路,对促进人机交互技术的发展具有重要意义.     

基于自由立体视频的露天开采虚拟现实的研究与实现

文章结合最新的交互式自由立体视频技术与露天开采虚拟现实技术,设计并实现了一种基于自由立体视频的露天矿开采虚拟现实技术的交互与演示系统。文章利用3DS Max和VRMap软件建立了某露天矿区的虚拟视觉模型,并将这些虚拟视觉模型按照适合立体显示的条件进行场景渲染和视频图象生成,最后结合虚拟场景的三维显示特性设计了交互式自由立体视频软件,通过该软件展示了虚拟现实场景。该系统克服了传统虚拟现实演示的局限性,用较低的成本支持更多的用户进行参与和交互,同时也具有较强的环境拓展性。     

X3D虚拟现实动画设计

虚拟现实动画设计是利用X3D虚拟现实技术在本地计算机和计算机网络中实现的一种三维立体动画设计效果,可以开发虚拟现实三维立体游戏动画场景。利用虚拟现实语言X3D中各种基本几何节点、复杂以及动态感知节点等进行三维立体造型和游戏动画场景设计,使浏览者亲身感受虚拟现实技术的无穷魅力,在虚拟现实游戏场景环境中直接感受与虚拟世界的动态交互感,产生身临其境的游戏真实感受。     

X3D虚拟现实动画设计

虚拟现实动画设计是利用X3D虚拟现实技术在本地计算机和计算机网络中实现的一种三维立体动画设计效果,可以开发虚拟现实三维立体游戏动画场景。利用虚拟现实语言X3D中各种基本几何节点、复杂以及动态感知节点等进行三维立体造型和游戏动画场景设计,使浏览者亲身感受虚拟现实技术的无穷魅力,在虚拟现实游戏场景环境中直接感受与虚拟世界的动态交互感,产生身,临其境的游戏真实感受。     

基于VR技术的虚拟维修仿真系统设计与应用

针对产品并行研发模式下的维修性问题,将虚拟现实技术引入到产品维修仿真中,即在计算机生成的虚拟现实环境中对产品进行维修仿真分析。文中以单通道被动立体投影系统为虚拟现实环境,以DELMIA、VRCO VisTool、CDVI、Pro/E等软件为虚拟现实软件系统,构建了一个虚拟维修系统,阐述了系统中VR外设集成、环境建模与数据转换、碰撞检测、人机工效和立体显示等关键技术。最后以某型雷达天线转台维修为例,验证了虚拟维修的有效性。     

虚拟现实技术在医学手术中的应用

虚拟现实技术具有构想性、临境感和交互性等优势,使用人员能够在虚拟的三维环境中切身感受手术的整个过程.虚拟现实技术能够将传统二维影像转变为立体三维影像,并创造虚拟的手术环境,运用操作工作制定术前计划和模拟手术,事先对手术难易程度进行全面了解,多方面评估手术风险,并进一步完善和补充术前诊断.本文重点介绍了几种虚拟现实技术在医学手术中的运用,仅供参考.     

虚拟矿山井下环境系统分析及其模型构建技术研究

虚拟矿山井下环境系统是利用虚拟现实技术及其软硬件设备,根据煤矿井下巷道数据应用计算机模拟出煤矿井下环境三维空间,该系统可使相关人员自然地与煤矿井下各种虚拟设施进行交互。该文将虚拟现实技术与煤矿开采相结合,对虚拟矿山井下环境系统进行了研究,对虚拟矿山井下环境系统结构、井下环境模型及其数学模型构建方法、井下环境地形结构及实体模型构建方法和井下环境运动实体模型构建方法进行了分析,为促进虚拟现实技术在我国煤矿开采中全面应用打下了基础。     

基于虚拟现实技术的自行车漫游系统的研究与实现

一种实时自行车漫游系统(VR-BWS)。该系统以健身车作为人机交互的工具,综合运用了虚拟现实、传感器、DSP控制等技术,并通过立体显示等多通道交互技术实现了人在虚拟环境中的漫游,使参与者在由计算机构造的虚拟场景中获得了如同在真实环境中骑车的体验。     

虚拟现实技术在热动力系统仿真中的应用

作为一项新技术,虚拟现实技术集计算机、自动化、传感器和人机交等技术一体,成为新兴的研究热点,并在某些领域得到应用。以热力系统为研究对象,论述了虚拟现实技术在仿真领域的应用,探讨虚拟现实技术在热力系统仿真的应用可能、技术基础、实现途径和设计方法,同时陈述了有待解决的关键问题。     

虚拟现实技术的发展 及虚拟现实技术中的传感器

虚拟现实是一种全新的人机交互技术,它利用计算机生成一种虚拟环境,通过各种传感设备使操作者“沉浸”到该环境中,实现操作者和该环境直接进行自然交互.这里所谓的虚拟环境就是用计算机生成的三维立体图形，它可以是现实世界中某一特定真实环境的 再现，也可以是纯粹虚构的环境．传感设备包括穿戴于操作者身上的立体头盔显示器、数据手套、数据衣等交互装置以及设置在现实环境中用于感知的各种传感装置     

Vision‐tangible interactive display method for mixed and virtual reality: Toward the human‐centered editable reality

Building a human‐centered editable world can be fully realized in a virtual environment. Both mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) are feasible solutions to support the attribute of edition. Based on the current development of MR and VR, we present the vision‐tangible interactive display method and its implementation in both MR and VR. We address the issue of MR and VR together because they are similar regarding the proposed method. The editable mixed and virtual reality system is useful for studies, which exploit it as a platform. In this paper, we construct a virtual reality environment based on the Oculus Rift, and an MR system based on a binocular optical see‐through head‐mounted display. In the MR system about manipulating the Rubik's cube, and the VR system about deforming the virtual objects, the proposed vision‐tangible interactive display method is utilized to provide users with a more immersive environment. Experimental results indicate that the vision‐tangible interactive display method can improve the user experience and can be a promising way to make the virtual environment better.     

基于LAN的计算机视觉与虚拟现实集成模型研究

进入80年代后期,虚拟现实技术取得了迅速的发展,目前作为一个全新的技术生长点受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。文中提出了一个基于LAN计算机视觉与虚拟现实集成模型。论述了系统实现及实验结果。研究结果表明,把计算机视觉技术与虚拟现实技术“集成”在一起,从现实世界精炼出关键参数供虚拟现实技术所用,可构成简便灵活的虚拟现实系统,文中在研究大空间跟踪中采用了该模型,证明了该模型的可行性及优点。     

The physiological mirror—a system for unconscious control of a virtual environment through physiological activity

This paper introduces a system for real-time physiological measurement, analysis, and metaphorical visualization within a virtual environment (VE). Our goal is to develop a method that allows humans to unconsciously relate to parts of an environment more strongly than to others, purely induced by their own physiological responses to the virtual reality (VR) displays. In particular, we exploit heart rate, respiration, and galvanic skin response in order to control the behavior of virtual characters in the VE. Such unconscious processes may become a useful tool for storytelling or assist guiding participants through a sequence of tasks in order to make the application more interesting, e.g., in rehabilitation. We claim that anchoring of subjective bodily states to a virtual reality (VR) can enhance a person’s sense of realism of the VR and ultimately create a stronger relationship between humans and the VR.     

多虚拟电厂接入的主动配电系统优化经济调度

在市场环境下,为促进含随机性可再生能源的消纳同时协调各经济主体矛盾并挖掘各主体价值和经济效益,本文提出一种基于分析目标级联理论的主动配网调度优化模型,以配网与虚拟电厂存在电能交互为建模背景。考虑虚拟电厂组成的多样性,设置风储型虚拟电厂以及含冷热电系统型虚拟电厂,各虚拟电厂可以分别与配网进行电能交互,各经济主体根据自身组成优化内部变量以及交互功率,通过分析目标级联法与其他主体协调交互功率实现分布式求解。最后通过IEEE33节点配电系统的算例仿真表明,调度结果能较好的反应主体经济性,得出风储型虚拟电厂有利于提高风电的消纳量,冷热电联供型虚拟电厂可以实现综合能源经济管理,分析目标级联法用于本文所提的模型背景是有效的。     

Semiotics of virtual reality as a communication process

ABSTRACT

The experience of immersive virtual reality (VR) can be considered as a communication process between human beings, mediated by computer systems, which uses visualisation and other sensory stimulation. In this paper, we analyse how VR characteristics can be explored using semiotic theory and, with methods of generative semiotics, we explore aspects of narrative and interaction in VR. We propose a semiotic analysis of VR communication focusing on syntax, semantics and pragmatics and considering also some principles of generative semiotics. The syntactic level is analysed as determined by the characteristics of the visual communication adopted. The semantic of VR is related to the functional model chosen to realise the virtual system. The pragmatic of VR is based on the human–computer interaction that changes the user's role. We explore how these aspects can be characterised in the context of VR communication design and what principles can be adopted for a VR application, and we present an analysis and a classification of the iconic signs that are being used in VR. Moreover, we present a framework that can be used to classify and describe different kinds of virtual reality systems and to better understand communication in VR, and we use it to classify eight popular systems for e-learning and collaboration.     

Solid modelling in a virtual reality environment

This paper presents a constraint-based methodology for intuitive and precise solid modelling in a virtual reality (VR) environment. A hierarchically structured and constraint-based data model is developed to support solid modelling in the VR environment. A constraint reasoning engine is also developed to automatically deduce allowable motions for precise constraint-based 3D manipulations. A prototype system of product modelling has been successfully developed, and experimental results demonstrate the advantage of precise solid modelling through constraint-based manipulation in virtual environments.     

用户认知驱动的VR自然交互认知负荷研究

针对目前虚拟现实自然交互系统中用户认知负荷难以量化问题,以量化认知负荷为目的,提出一种基于概率神经网络的多通道信息融合模型。首先根据认知理论建立“认知—行为—环境”框架,并在此基础上研究用户认知的数学表征（方法,过程,机理）,构建多通道认知模型;然后将多通道信息融合方法引入虚拟现实自然交互系统,建立一种面向虚拟现实自然交互系统的认知负荷模型;通过VR隧道应急救援系统实验对系统中用户认知进行验证。验证结果表明,具体提出的认知负荷模型具有一定的可行性。     

基于虚拟现实技术的运动辅助训练系统设计

为了提高教练的指导效率和丰富羽毛球教学与训练的方法,基于虚拟现实技术和KINECT,开发了一套羽毛球辅助训练系统。该系统利用虚拟现实技术,通过3DS MAX工具进行训练场地的虚拟化建模,搭配Cry Engine引擎技术渲染训练场地场景。KINECT被用来识别这些动作以及使用者的位置变化,并将识别结果通过蓝牙模块传输至VR眼镜内,使VR眼镜内的虚拟环境做出图像、声音等相应的改变,以实现虚拟环境下的人机互动。测试表明,本系统能够准确地实现训练场景的虚拟化,对使用者的各个动作的识别率较高,提高了训练者的学习效率。     

Effective virtual reality based building navigation using dynamic loading and path optimization

Although computer capabilities have been improved significantly, a large-scale virtual reality (VR) system demands much more in terms of memory and computation than the current computer systems can offer. This paper discusses two important issues related to VR performance and applications in building navigation. These are dynamic loading of models based on cell segmentation for the optimal VR operation, and the route optimization based on path planning for easy navigation. The VR model of engineering and information technology complex (EITC) building at the University of Manitoba is built as an example to show the feasibility of the proposed methods. The reality, enhanced by three-dimensional (3D) real-time interactivity and visualization, leads navigators into a state of the virtual building immersion.     

多人网络虚拟现实儿童科普系统的设计研究

针对传统儿童科普教育存在的沉浸感薄弱、知识传输方式单一的问题,设计基于多人网络虚拟现实(VR)技术的儿童科普系统.系统的设计采用模块化的构建方式,主要分为网络联机模块和虚拟现实科普教育业务控制模块.在网络联机模块中,建立起服务器,教师机,学生机之间的信息通信,实现多人信息的加载和多人空间位置的实时同步.虚拟现实科普教育...