中值直方图均衡的动态场景多曝光图像融合算法

为解决动态场景下多曝光融合图像出现鬼影的问题,提出一种新的动态多曝光图像融合算法。引入中值图像均衡对输入图像和参考图像的直方图进行处理,将获取的图像对做差分,并对差分图进行阈值分割和形态学优化得到运动权重图。中值直方图均衡可以为一对图像分配相同的直方图,同时保持其灰度动态,因此对多曝光图像对调整其亮度差异,有利于运动区域检测的准确性。通过强度映射函数将参考图像分别映射为各个输入图像的亮度,并将输入图像的运动区域替换为参考图像的一部分,得到具有亮度过渡自然的图像序列。在此基础上,对静态图像序列进行融合得到最终的融合图像。实验结果表明,该算法可有效地避免鬼影现象,且能够获得细节丰富、视觉效果良好的高动态范围图像,经该算法融合后的图像在标准差、边缘强度、相关系数和动态场景结构一致4个指标上与DGF、FMSD等算法相比具有明显的优势。     

Reversible data hiding scheme with edge-direction predictor and modulo operation

Since the first histogram shifting technique was proposed by Ni et al., many histogram based data hiding methods were proposed to improve their scheme. One of the methods is using difference value between cover image and prediction image. Another method is using two point pairs and absolute value for improving Ni et al.’s scheme. In this paper, novel reversible data hiding scheme with edge-direction predictor and modulo operation was proposed for improving histogram shifting technique with 3 cases. We considered as much as possible around pixels by using edge-direction predictor with odd and even line embedding Also, we utilize two point pairs and absolute value at the same time by using modulo operation with wrap around. In the experimental results, the proposed scheme shown a good quality image result about 48dB as similar as other schemes and enhanced hiding capacity over 50 % than other schemes.     

保持图像细节的红外图像直方图均衡算法

针对灰度图像经传统直方图均衡算法后因部分灰度级被合并而导致图像细节丢失的问题,提出了一种新的可保持图像细节的红外图像均衡算法.该算法避免了传统直方图均衡带来的灰度断层和丢失现象,对图像灰度级进行无损均衡,提高了图像质量.实验表明该算法使图像的细节和清晰度得到明显的增强。     

多摄像机图像拼接自动色彩均衡算法

针对多摄像机视频图像,分析了图像拼接技术中存在的问题,讨论了目前图像处理中常用的图像色彩均衡算法,提出了一种基于图像像素均值统计的亮度和色彩均衡处理算法。首先提取相邻两摄像机同步帧图像的重叠区域并对重叠区图像进行通道分离（RGB）,把其中一幅作为参考图像,另一幅作为目标图像,分别统计两幅图像各颜色通道像素均值差,用差值强制修正整幅目标图像。然后对修正后的图像和参考图像（整幅图像）进行颜色空间转换（RGB到HSV）,再次统计两幅图像亮度通道（V通道）均值差,用差值强制修正整幅目标图像亮度。实验结果证明,该算法能有效校正相邻摄像机图像的亮度和色差,对后期的拼接融合处理起到了很好的改善效果。     

基于GPGPU的数字图像并行化预处理

首先简要介绍了统一设备架构CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture)技术的背景、特点、内存模型,利用通用计算图形处理单元GPGPU(General Purpose GPU)及CUDA技术,实现了图像直方图均衡化和薄云去除的并行化处理,与传统的基于CPU的方法相比,两个基于GPGPU的图像预处理操作的执行效率分别提高了40倍与80倍左右,在大规模实时性图像处理操作中,有很大的实用价值。     

Development of a personified face emotion recognition technique using fitness function

In this article, two subjects, one South East Asian (SEA) and the other Japanese, are considered for face emotion recognition using a genetic algorithm (GA). The parameters relating the face emotions in each case are entirely different. All six universally accepted emotions and one neutral are considered for each subject. Eyes and lips are usually considered as the features for recognizing emotions. This paper has two parts. The first part investigates a set of image processing methods suitable for recognizing face emotion. The acquired images have gone through a few preprocessing methods such as gray-scale, histogram equalization, and filtering. The edge detection has to be sufficiently successful even when the light intensity is uneven. So, to overcome this problem, the histogram-equalized image has been split into two regions of interest (ROI): the eye and lip regions. The two regions have been applied with the same preprocessing methods, but with different threshold values. It was found that the Sobel edge detection method performed very well in segmenting the image. Three feature extraction methods are considered, and their respective performances are compared. The method which is fastest in extracting eye features is adopted. The second part of the paper discusses the way to recognize emotions from eye features alone. Observation of various emotions of the two subjects lead to an unique eye characteristic, that is, the eye exhibits ellipses of different parameters in each emotion. The GA is adopted to optimize the ellipse characteristics of the eye features in each emotion based on an ellipse-based fitness function. This has shown successful emotion classifications, and a comparison is made on the emotions of each subject.     

煮糖过程糖结晶显微图像处理方法研究

由于蔗糖晶体的镜面透明,煮糖显微观察镜采集出来的图像变为了伪三维的图像,失真,不利于制糖过程的自动监控;针对这类特殊图像探求一种较好的图像预处理方法,首先采用几种常用的图像预处理方法如：灰度调整,照度均匀,直方图均衡,对数变换及中值滤波的方法对伪三维图像进行预处理,再对处理结果运用分割效果较好的Canny算法分割,并将最终结果进行比较分析,经比较,采用灰度调整和中值滤波的预处理的图像,分割效果较其它方法理想,分割结果适用于煮糖过程的自动监控.     

基于统计特征的图像直方图均衡化检测方法

直方图均衡化作为图像对比度增强技术之一,在图像恶意篡改过程中经常被作为隐藏被篡改图像强度变化的手段.本文利用图像直方图和其累积分布函数曲线,提取直方图均衡化的痕迹特征,实现直方图均衡化篡改检测.本文提出的方法首先利用图像直方图累积分布函数的变化趋势自适应地选择提取特征的灰度范围,然后在该范围内分别提取累积分布函数与恒等函数的相似度和直方图的零值间隙数量作为分类特征,最后利用K最邻近(K-Nearest Neighbor,简称KNN)分类算法进行分类.实验结果表明,本文方法不仅适用于检测常规直方图均衡化操作,对小分辨率图像的直方图均衡化操作和均衡化图像经过压缩后处理情况都具有较强的鲁棒性,并且可以区分直方图均衡化和其他类型对比度增强操作.     

Adaptive-neighborhood histogram equalization for image enhancement

By modifying the histogram of an image, a dramatic improvement in the perceptibility of details can often be achieved. However, the two commonly used methods of full-frame histogram equalization and local-area histogram equalization often fail to produce adequate enhancement when the image contains relatively small but variable-sized regions in which there are objects or features of interest with low visual contrast. A new method of adaptive-neighborhood histogram equalization that is effective in enhancing these types of images is proposed in this paper. In this method, an adaptive neighborhood is developed for each pixel in the image. The adaptive neighborhood is a compound region made up of a foreground that contains 8-connected pixels close in gray level to that of the seed pixel, and a background of neighboring pixels molded around the foreground. The histogram of this adaptive neighborhood is equalized to provide the transformation that is applied to the seed pixel. Major advantages of this method are the avoidance of block edge artifacts that are encountered in local-area histogram equalization, and improved perceptibility of image detail. Examples of images transformed using the three methods of histogram modification are presented along with a discussion of the merits of the adaptive-neighborhood method.     

直方图均衡技术综述

直方图均衡是一种简单而有效的图像增强技术,在医学图像处理、计算机视觉、遥感影像等领域都有重要作用,从均衡时选取的区域情况分为全局和局部直方图均衡方法;从均衡时选取的像素值域可以分为传统直方图均衡、双直方图均衡和递归分解的直方图均衡,甚至多直方图均衡;从均衡对象可以分为空域的直方图均衡和结合频域滤波的直方图均衡;从均衡图像的通道数可以分为灰度图像直方图均衡和彩色图像直方图均衡．本文对以上涉及的直方图均衡技术进行了较为系统的综述,对衡量直方图均衡效果的评价指标进行了说明,展望了直方图均衡技术进一步研究方向．     

医学图像增强与直方图处理

文章介绍了图像增强的相关知识,重点介绍了用直方图增强图像的方法。用直方图处理图像包括直方图均衡化和直方图规定化。直方图均衡化和直方图规定化能增强图像的对比度,使图像更清晰。直方图均衡化对局部细节的增强效果不显著,而直方图规定化则使关注的细节变得更清晰。所以直方图规定化法处理医学图像局部细节方面优于均衡化。     

Vectorial scale-based fuzzy-connected image segmentation

This paper presents an extension of previously published theory and algorithms for fuzzy-connected image segmentation. In this approach, a strength of connectedness is assigned to every pair of image elements. This is done by finding the strongest among all possible connecting paths between the two elements in each pair. The strength assigned to a particular path is defined as the weakest affinity between successive pairs of elements along the path. Affinity specifies the degree to which elements hang together locally in the image. A scale is determined at every element in the image that indicates the size of the largest homogeneous hyperball region centered at the element. In determining affinity between any two elements, all elements within their scale regions are considered. This method has been effectively utilized in several medical applications. In this paper, we generalize this method from scalar images to vectorial images. In a vectorial image, scale is defined as the radius of the largest hyperball contained in the same homogeneous region under a predefined condition of homogeneity of the image vector field. Two different components of affinity, namely homogeneity-based affinity and object-feature-based affinity, are devised in a fully vectorial manner. The original relative fuzzy connectedness algorithm is utilized to delineate a specified object via a competing strategy among multiple objects. We have presented several studies to evaluate the performance of this method based on simulated MR images, 20 clinical MR images, and 250 mathematical phantom images. These studies indicate that the fully vectorial fuzzy connectedness formulation has generally overall better accuracy than the method using some intermediate ad hoc steps to fit the vectorial image to a scalar fuzzy connectedness formulation, and precision and efficiency are similar for these two methods.     

基于深度多相似性哈希方法的遥感图像检索

哈希方法由于低存储、高效率的特性而被广泛应用于遥感图像检索领域。面向遥感图像检索任务的无监督哈希方法存在伪标签不可靠、图像对的训练权重相同以及图像检索精度较低等问题,为此,提出一种基于深度多相似性哈希（DMSH）的遥感图像检索方法。针对优化伪标签和训练关注度分别构建自适应伪标签模块（APLM）和成对结构信息模块（PSIM）。APLM采用K最近邻和核相似度来评估图像间的相似关系,实现伪标签的初始生成和在线校正。PSIM将图像对的多尺度结构相似度映射为训练关注度,为其分配不同的训练权重从而优化深度哈希学习。DMSH通过Swin Transformer骨干网络提取图像的高维特征,将基于语义相似矩阵的伪标签作为监督信息以训练深度网络,同时网络在两个基于不同相似度设计的模块上实现交替优化,充分挖掘图像间的多种相似信息进而生成具有高辨识力的哈希编码,实现遥感图像的高精度检索。实验结果表明,DMSH在EuroSAT和PatternNet数据集上的平均精度均值较对比方法分别提高0.8%～3.0%和9.8%～12.5%,其可以在遥感图像检索任务中取得更高的准确率。     

Semi-automated feature-tracking of East Antarctic sea ice from Envisat ASAR imagery

While feature tracking of sea ice using cross-correlation methods on pairs of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images has been extensively carried out in the Arctic, this is not the case in the Antarctic. This is due to the dynamic nature of Antarctic pack ice, its microwave signature, the tendency for SAR swath paths to be poorly aligned with the often narrow sea ice zone around the continent and inadequate satellite sampling. A semi-automated system, known as IPADS (IMCORR [IMageCORRelation] Processing, Analysis and Display System), has been developed to map fast ice and pack ice in Antarctica using multiple pairs of SAR images. The software processing pipeline uses overlapping image pairs which are geocoded and roughly registered using only data contained in the image headers. Next, fast ice maps are rapidly generated using zero motion features located within ocean regions. This also provides precise image registration. Finally, the same image pairs are re-examined for pack ice motion in a slower off-line batch process. The pack and fast ice are identified using a cluster-based search method which compares both location and motion information. Each image pair generates a NetCDF file which adds to a growing database of Antarctic sea ice motion and ice roughness. Five image-pair examples are presented to illustrate the methods used as well as their strengths and limitations. Substantial pack ice motion can often be detected in the marginal ice zone on SAR images only a few days apart.     

一种基于奇异值分解的图像匹配算法

图像匹配技术在计算机视觉、遥感和医学图像分析等领域有着广泛的应用背景.针对传统的相关匹配算法计算量大、对图像旋转敏感等问题,提出一种新的基于奇异值分解的图像匹配算法.首先在待匹配图像中分别提取带主方向的角点作为特征点,通过计算特征点间经旋转补偿的归一化互相关值建立特征点相似度矩阵,然后利用奇异值分解算法生成特征点匹配矩阵并获得特征点间的一一对应关系.在复杂自然图像上的实验结果表明,算法能够匹配任意角度旋转的图像,对局部遮挡、光照变化、随机噪声等具有较强的健壮性,并具有较快的计算速度和较高的匹配精度.此外,该算法易于和其他匹配技术进行融合并获得性能提升,其与SIFT描述子结合的匹配实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的扩展性和实用性.     

通过直方图中轴化提高融合图像光谱保真度

针对遥感图像融合过程中光谱失真问题,提出一种基于直方图中轴化策略的图像融合算法。首先,将多光谱图像进行IHS变换;然后,采用直方图中轴化策略调整多光谱图像强度分量图像和全色图像的像素直方图,使之趋于一致;最后,进行IHS反变换获得高质量的彩色图像。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以较好地抑制融合图像光谱失真,同时也能有效保留融合图像的空间分辨率,算法步骤简单、容易实现;与四种传统融合算法（IHS变换、主成分分析（PCA）法、小波变换（WT）法、Brovey）相比,该算法生成的融合图像具有良好的视觉效果,特别是在峰值信噪比（PSNR）、光谱扭曲度和信息熵等客观评价指标中明显优于对比算法。基于直方图中轴化策略融合的遥感图像光谱失真度小、空间信息保持度高。     

一种基于边缘图像融合的图像边缘检测方法

边缘检测是图像处理、模式识别和计算机视觉领域的重要内容．传统边缘检测方法的边缘检测效果一般．为了更好地检测出图像边缘,在传统边缘检测算法分析的基础上,提出了一种基于边缘图像融合的图像边缘检测方法．首先,对原图像进行二进小波分解得到低频子图像,然后分别对原图像和低频子图像采用直方图均衡化进行增强后用Canny算子来进行边缘检测,得到原图像和低频子图像的边缘图像,最后采用一定的融合规则将这两个边缘图像融合在一起,得到一幅完好的边缘图像．实验结果表明,这种边缘检测方法明显优于直接对原图像单独使用Canny算子或基于小波变换的边缘检测方法．     

Image Contrast Enhancement by Constrained Local Histogram Equalization

Histogram equalization is a widely used image contrast enhancement method. While global histogram equalization enhances the contrast of the whole image, local histogram equalization can enhance many image details by taking different transformation of the same gray level at different places in the original image. However, the local histogram equalization process often results in unacceptable modification of the original image appearance. In this paper, a constrained local histogram equalization method is proposed to balance the conflicting requirements: enhancement of the image details and the maintenance of the overall image appearance. Our method uses the variational form of histogram equalization so that a constraint condition, which forces the local gray level transformations to change continuously in the spatial domain, can be introduced into the equalization process. Experimental results of different kinds of images show the effect of our method.     

医学图像增强与直方图处理

文章介绍了图像增强的相关知识,重点介绍了用直方图增强图像的方法。用直方图处理图像包括直方图均衡化和直方图规定化。直方图均衡化和直方图规定化能增强图像的对比度,使图像更清晰。直方图均衡化对局部细节的增强效果不显著,而直方图规定化则使关注的细节变得更清晰。所以直方图规定化法处理医学图像局部细节方面优于均衡化。