紫甘薯色素的提取工艺及其稳定性研究

试验以95％乙醇为溶剂，研究了不同料液比、温度、pH值、时间对紫甘薯色素提取产率的影响，确定了紫甘薯色素提取的最佳工艺条件：料液比1：5、pH=4、温度60℃、时间lh，并对其色素的稳定性进行了研究。     

紫薯花色苷提取工艺研究

本文研究了紫薯色素的最佳提取方法以及紫薯色素的稳定性。通过单因素试验对紫薯色素最大吸收波长、最佳提取溶剂、料液比、pH、浸提时间、浸提温度进行探讨,通过料液比、pH、温度三因素三水平试验获取最优提取条件,并对紫薯色素的稳定性做了研究。结果表明,紫甘薯色素的最佳提取条件为:最大吸收波长531nm、最佳提取剂为5%柠檬酸、料液比为1∶100、pH为2、浸提温度60℃、浸提时间1h。色素的颜色和稳定性易受pH值的影响,酸性是较稳定;色素含量易受温度影响,温度升高易使色素降解。正交实验表明:pH为1,料液比1∶50,温度70℃提取效果最好。以上研究结果为紫薯色素的工业化提取及规模化应用奠定了基础。     

茼蒿精油提取工艺的研究

以茼蒿为原料,对茼蒿精油的提取方法进行了研究。通过不同溶剂提取效率的比较,确定乙醇为最佳提取溶剂,并对乙醇提取茼蒿精油的溶剂浓度、温度、时间和料液比进行单因素实验与正交设计实验,确定最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度85%,提取温度45℃,提取时间6.5h,料液比1∶15。     

响应面法优化红树莓色素提取工艺的研究

为了确定红树莓色素提取的最佳工艺条件,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面优化法,通过部分因子试验和中心组合试验设计,对红树莓色素的溶剂提取最佳工艺条件进行了优化研究.得到最优提取条件为,提取溶剂95％乙醇,提取温度72.4℃,提取时间60 min,料液比为1∶8.5,提取pH为2.0,在此最优条件下提取两次,色素提取率达到98.4％,色素提取得率为5.61％,提取条件中,料液比、pH及提取温度对提取效果有显著影响.     

马齿苋色素的提取及其稳定性研究

以马齿苋茎叶为原料提取马齿苋色素,并对影响提取收率的因素如提取剂的选择、提取温度、提取时间、提取剂用量等条件进行了实验,由正交试验研究确定了从马齿苋中提取马齿苋色素的最佳条件.然后对该色素的耐酸碱性、耐热性、耐光性、耐氧化还原性等理化性质和稳定性进行测定和分析,旨在为马齿苋色素的开发、利用提供有实用价值的信息.结果表明:以丙酮作为浸提溶剂浸提效果最好,影响该色素提取效果的因素依次为:温度>料液比>时间,马齿苋色素的最佳提取条件为料液比1 ∶ 30,在50℃下浸提4h.温度对马齿苋色素有一定的影响,50℃以下稳定性良好,高温对马齿苋色素有降解作用;pH值变化对马齿苋色素有一定的影响;该色素对光的耐受性较差,尤其对紫外光较敏感.但对常用食品添加剂具有较好的稳定性,且抗氧化性较强,具有开发应用价值.     

紫番薯色素的提取及稳定性研究

通过单因素试验对色素的最大吸收波长、最佳提取溶剂、料液比、水浴温度以及浸提时间等进行探讨,正交试验研究最佳提取工艺条件,并对色素的稳定性进行研究.得到了最佳提取工艺条件为,10%的柠檬酸,料液比为1:10,浸提时间为1.5 h,提取温度为40℃.稳定性研究表明,紫番薯色素对H2O2、Na2SO3以及光线表现出不稳定性,...     

超声波作用下提取黑米色素及稳定性实验

采用有机溶剂浸泡法和超声波辅助技术从黑米中提取色素,利用正交实验,对不同温度、不同时间下的色素提取率进行测定,以确定最佳提取条件,比较两者的提取效率.结果表明:超声波作用下提取黑米色素能够缩短提取时间、降低提取温度.最佳提取工艺条件为:提取剂为无水乙醇,料液比(每克所用溶剂的体积)8mL,提取温度60℃,提取时间5min,超声波功率70w.色素在酸性条件下相对稳定,且蔗糖有助于其稳定性.光照、加热、金属离子对色素的影响不大.     

鸡血藤红色素提取工艺研究

研究鸡血藤红色素溶剂提取法的最佳提取工艺。以提取液在460nm波长处的吸光值为考察指标,在单因素实验基础上,进行正交实验,考察提取温度、提取时间、液料比、溶剂pH对色素提取效果的影响。结果表明:液料比是影响色素提取效果的主要因素;溶剂浸提法的最佳提取条件为提取温度60℃、时间120min、液料比30∶1、pH2的60%乙醇溶液,最佳提取次数为3次。在此工艺条件下,鸡血藤红色素提取率为96.7%。该提取工艺稳定,可用于鸡血藤红色素的提取。     

海藻色素的提取工艺及其稳定性

以紫菜为原料,通过对比不同提取剂、料液比、提取温度、时间对海藻色素提取的影响,基于正交试验选择最佳提取工艺。探究藻类色素在酸碱环境、氧化剂、还原剂、光照和不同温度条件下的稳定性。试验结果表明,海藻色素的最佳提取工艺为:提取剂水,料液比1︰30 (g/mL),提取温度50℃,提取时间3 h;在酸性条件下,海藻色素相对稳定,但碱性环境和氧化剂对海藻色素稳定性有一定的影响,还原剂对海藻色素稳定性基本没有影响,光照和温度对其有明显作用。     

紫甘薯色素水提工艺参数的研究

采用水溶液提取紫甘薯色素.选择pH值、料液比、浸提时间和浸提温度作为单因素进行梯度试验,确定其条件范围,通过正交试验确定紫甘薯色素提取的最佳工艺条件:pH值3(HCl)、料液比1∶2(g/mL)、浸提时间2h、温度25℃,共提取3次,紫甘薯色素提取率可达94.85％.     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.