铸铁表面原位合成TiC/Al3Ti复合材料

对Al-Ti-C体系进行热力学分析,在氩气保护下进行热爆反应试验.采用铸造反应合成技术在铸铁表面原位合成TiC/Al3Ti复合材料.研究热爆产物及表面复合材料的物相、组织和界面形貌,并对其形成机理进行探讨.结果表明:采用热爆工艺使Al-Ti-C体系发生反应,生成纯净的TiC/Al3Ti复合产物.在熔融铁液作用下,Al-Ti-C体系反应完全,制备出纯净的TiC颗粒增强金属间化合物基表面复合材料.表面复合材料组织致密,与铁基体界面为良好的冶金结合.当TiC含量较少时,颗粒呈条状;随着TiC含量的提高,颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,由长条状向粒状及细粒状转化.     

铸钢表面耐热复合涂层的制备

采用铸造反应合成技术制备出TiC/Ni3Al表面复合涂层材料,研究了涂层的物相、组织和界面形态,测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明：Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系反应完全,产物为TiC和Ni3Al。表面复合涂层中直径为1～3μm的TiC颗粒呈球形镶嵌在Ni3Al基体上,随着TiC含量的提高,颗粒尺寸略有长大、分布更均匀、涂层更致密,且涂层与钢基体界面为良好的冶金结合,随TiC含量的变化而界面呈现出不同的形貌,在TiC含量〈45%时,涂层为一整体,从涂层到界面处Ni、Al、Ti、Fe元素呈梯度变化;在TiC含量≥45%时,涂层出现了分层现象。随着涂层中TiC含量的增高,材料的硬度和耐磨性提高,表面复合涂层的硬度和耐磨性均明显高于钢基体。     

铸钢表面复合涂层的微观组织分析

通过铸造反应合成技术在铸钢表面形成Tic／Ni3Al复合涂层，采用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了复合涂层及界面的微观组织形貌。结果表明：TiC含量明显影响表面复合涂层及界面微观形貌。复合涂层的微观组织为1～3μm的TiC颗粒呈球形镶嵌在Ni3Al基体上，随着TiC含量的提高，颗粒尺寸略有长大、分布更均匀、涂层更致密，且涂层与钢基体界面为良好的冶金结合。在TiC含量〈25％时，表面复合涂层组织不致密，涂层与钢基体界面处存在较多的裂纹和孔洞。     

感应熔覆原位合成TiC/Ti复合涂层的显微组织演变规律

以石墨和Ti粉为原料,在Ti6Al4V基体表面感应熔覆原位合成了TiC增强Ti基复合涂层,研究了预置反应物粉末中C含量和熔覆工艺参数对复合涂层微观组织演变、物相组成、增强体形态与分布、界面结合行为以及显微硬度的影响规律。结果表明,复合涂层内部原位自生TiC增强体分布均匀,与Ti基质相结合紧密、界面洁净,TiC增强体的最终形态与分布主要受涂层成分、凝固过程和自身晶体结构的影响。随着石墨含量升高,TiC增强体形态逐渐由短纤维状演变为等轴晶状,尺寸和体积分数以及涂层显微硬度逐渐增大。随着热输入量增加,Ti C尺寸逐渐增大,界面过渡区宽度及基体热影响也随之增加。     

溶渗法制备Al3Ti/Al复合材料的研究

以钛丝网为反应源,以金属Al为基体,通过熔渗+原位反应法制备出一种Al3Ti金属间化合物颗粒增强铝基表面复合涂层。根据差热分析结果确定了反应温度为890℃;通过XRD、SEM以及显微硬度和磨损测试对所得到的复合涂层进行了表征。结果表明:当保温时间为20 min时,钛丝在铝基体中的反应较完全,原位合成为块状和条状的Al3Ti颗粒;颗粒的显微硬度大约为基体的4.5倍;在载荷为10 N的干滑动磨损条件下,相对于没有增强的Al基体而言,保温20 min所制备的复合涂层表现出较好的耐磨性,其磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损共存。     

激光表面合金化制备TiC/Ni_3Al复合涂层组织及TiC演变规律

以Al-TiC混合粉末为原材料,采用激光表面合金化技术,在电解镍基材表面原位合成了TiC增强Ni3Al基复合涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织结构,通过溶解热力学计算研究了TiC的溶解及析出规律,对比了原始TiC粉末与原位析出TiC颗粒的形貌特征。结果表明:涂层主要由金属陶瓷相TiC及金属间化合物Ni3Al组成,激光表面合金化过程中,原始TiC粉末在Ni-Al合金熔体中发生溶解,然后在合金熔池中重新凝固析出,以原位增强颗粒的形式弥散分布于Ni3Al金属间化合物基体上,原位析出的TiC增强颗粒尺寸显著小于原始TiC粉末。     

原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料的冷喷涂制备及组织性能

以Al80/Ti20(mass%)混合粉末为原料,采用冷喷涂法在低碳钢上沉积致密的Al/Ti基复合材料,对其在不同温度下(400、450、500、550和600℃)进行热处理,获得原位Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪及磨损试验机研究了冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料热处理前后的微观组织形貌、相结构、硬度及磨粒磨损性能的变化规律。结果表明:冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料的相结构与喷涂粉末相同,涂层组织致密、颗粒间为机械结合;Al/Ti复合材料在450℃热处理后其局部区域开始通过扩散反应原位形成Al_3Ti金属间化合物,而在600℃热处理后初始Ti颗粒已全部转变为Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒,同时,涂层内部颗粒界面间结合显著改善,从而获得原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料。随着热处理温度升高,原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料硬度先下降后升高,而其磨粒磨损性能则在550℃热处理后显著增加。     

原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料的冷喷涂制备及组织性能北大核心CSCD

以Al80/Ti20(mass%)混合粉末为原料,采用冷喷涂法在低碳钢上沉积致密的Al/Ti基复合材料,对其在不同温度下(400、450、500、550和600℃)进行热处理,获得原位Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪及磨损试验机研究了冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料热处理前后的微观组织形貌、相结构、硬度及磨粒磨损性能的变化规律。结果表明:冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料的相结构与喷涂粉末相同,涂层组织致密、颗粒间为机械结合;Al/Ti复合材料在450℃热处理后其局部区域开始通过扩散反应原位形成Al_3Ti金属间化合物,而在600℃热处理后初始Ti颗粒已全部转变为Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒,同时,涂层内部颗粒界面间结合显著改善,从而获得原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料。随着热处理温度升高,原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料硬度先下降后升高,而其磨粒磨损性能则在550℃热处理后显著增加。     

原位自生TiAl3增强Al基复合材料的组织结构及形成机理研究

采用冷喷涂技术沉积Ti-80Al（wt.%）复合涂层,通过热处理获得了原位自生TiAl3金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料涂层。采用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析了冷喷涂Ti/Al复合涂层在不同热处理温度下的组织结构演变规律及Ti、Al粒子间原位扩散反应过程,并对TiAl3金属间化合物的形成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,冷喷涂Ti/Al复合涂层组织致密,其相结构与喷涂粉末完全相同,450℃热处理后涂层局部区域发生Ti、Al间的固态扩散反应,并在Ti、Al粒子界面原位形成TiAl3金属间化合物,随着热处理温度升高,TiAl3金属间化合物的含量显著增加,600℃热处理后,Ti/Al复合涂层中的Ti粒子全部转变为TiAl3金属间化合物,获得原位自生TiAl3颗粒增强的Al基复合材料.     

原位自生TiAl_3增强Al基复合材料的组织结构及形成机理

采用冷喷涂技术沉积Ti-80Al(质量分数,%)复合涂层,通过热处理获得了原位自生TiAl_3金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料涂层。采用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析了冷喷涂Ti/Al复合涂层在不同热处理温度下的组织结构演变规律及Ti、Al粒子间原位扩散反应过程,并对TiAl_3金属间化合物的形成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,冷喷涂Ti/Al复合涂层组织致密,其相结构与喷涂粉末完全相同,450℃热处理后涂层局部区域发生Ti、Al间的固态扩散反应,并在Ti、Al粒子界面原位形成TiAl_3金属间化合物,随着热处理温度升高,TiAl_3金属间化合物的含量显著增加,600℃热处理后,Ti/Al复合涂层中的Ti粒子全部转变为TiAl_3金属间化合物,获得原位自生TiAl_3颗粒增强的Al基复合材料。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Structural analysis of sputtered (W-C)1−xMx (MFe, Co) films with 0x0.20

Structural characterization of (W-C)_1-xM_x (MFe, Co) films with 0x0.20 was carried out using electron probe microanal ysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy-electron diffraction (TEM-ED). The results showed that the structure of these films depends on the percentage of iron and cobalt and becomes amorphous with increasing content of these elements. The microstructure of the crystalline coatings was found to be composed of small grains of β-WC_1-x with a high number of defects. A strong β-WC_1-x[311] texture was observed for iron and cobalt contents around 5.5 at.%. The films richer in iron and cobalt showed typical amorphous XRD and ED patterns, exhibiting two broad peaks and two wide diffuse rings respectively. Moreover, bright-field analysis revealed fairly contrasted images, the structure of these films being difficult to resolve.