石墨炉原子吸收法测定山核桃中铅铬镉

通过对山核桃不同分解方法和分解条件的研究,确定了山核桃较佳的分解方法和条件。同时对石墨炉原子吸收法测定山核桃中的铅铬镉方法的仪器条件、基体改进剂等进行了详细深入的研究,建立了石墨炉原子吸收法测定山核桃中铅铬镉重金属的检测方法。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅和镉

文章对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的铅和镉的方法进行了分析,找到最能够满足测定实际条件和实际需要的方法。     

石墨炉原子吸收法水及污水中铅、镉和铜的测定

建立快速、准确的水及污水中ppb级有害元素的分析方法,对于环境监测有重要意义。对于一般的淡水分析而言,采用石墨炉原子吸收法,试样可不经预先浓缩,直接注入石墨炉进行分析。我国饮用水水质标准:铜为1ppm,铅为0.1ppm,镉为0.01ppm。工业排水标准一般比饮用水标准高10倍,均可用石墨炉原子吸收法进行直接测定。本文对石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅、镉和铜的条件进行了选择,并应用于饮用水及污水的分析。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤矸石中镉铬铅

以氢氟酸,硝酸和过氧化氢作为消解试剂,采用逐步升温消解程序,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤矸石中镉、铬、铅的方法。选择10 μg/L的Rh溶液作为内标溶液,以²⁰⁸Pb 、⁵²Cr和¹¹⁴Cd分别作为铅、铬、镉的测定同位素,在选定的仪器工作参数下,应用建立的方法对不同地区的煤矸石样品进行测定,测定值与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)的测定值一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)均小于7%。方法检出限分别为:0.013 μg/g(镉)、2.00 μg/g(铬)、0.20 μg/g(铅)。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中金属元素含量

为了研究分析原子吸收分光光度法在土壤金属元素含量测定过程当中的应用效果。下文当中通过原子吸收分光光度法应用,来对土壤当中铜、铅、铬、镉、锌等金属元素含量进行分析测定,在确保测定条件处于最佳状态下,通过标准曲线法的应用,对铜、铅、铬、镉、锌等金属元素在不同质量土壤样品中含量与变化规律进行考察。通过研究分析,土壤样品金属元素测定过程当中,通过微波消解法进行处理不但合理,而且省工省时。选择某一地区土壤样品,利用原子吸收分光光度法对其含量开展测定工作,通过研究发现,获得的测定结果均在国家标准允许值范围之内。证明土壤金属元素含量测定过程当中,原子吸收分光光度法灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便,值得推广和应用。     

微波加热酸浸提—原子吸收光谱法测定重晶石中铅镉

使用微波消解仪,在密闭升温增压条件下,以王水浸提重晶石中铅和镉,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉。浸取率比用同样酸的常压敞开浸提法高,样品空白值低;处理样品的速度比用高压坩埚酸浸提法快;试样中的铅和镉损失比碳酸钠融熔处理法少。方法检出限:铅为0.069μg/mL,镉为0.087μg/mL。样品中铅、镉的加标回收率分别为95.1%～99.5%,97.1%～104.4%;相对标准偏差分别为1.3%～3.2%,1.6%～2.8%。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中微量钒

建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中微量钒的方法.确定了微波消解样品和石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定钒的最佳条件.以HNO3-HClO4-HF(3:2:3,V/V)作为样品的消解液,采用两段消解方式进行样品微波消解,并以EDTA作为基体改进剂,在HNO3(ψ=5%)介质中进行钒的测定.方法的检出限为0.72μg/L,线性范围0～300μg/L,相关系数r≥0.998 5.方法用于土壤样品中钒的测定,相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率在98.2%～103.9%之间;有证参考物质的测定值与认定值相符.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定豆腐花中的铅

[目的]建立一种简便、快速测定豆腐花中铅含量的方法.[方法]采用微波消解法处理豆腐花样品,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定豆腐花中铅含量,并通过正交试验设计方法对微波消解参数进行了优化.[结果]测定铅的标准曲线相关系数为0.9994,相时标准偏差在0.32%～2.17%,加标回收率在95%～104%,检出限为1.454μg/L.[结论]用微波消解作为预处理手段,以石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测豆腐花中铅的含量是一种可行的方法,具有精密度高、准确度好等优点.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅和镉方法的探讨

当前阶段,随着社会的持续发展以及科技的日趋进步,诞生了更多的科学技术,而对于土壤中重金属有毒元素铅和镉的检测,也诞生了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。本文通过相关试验,建立了以氯化钯溶液为基体改进剂,用微波消解土壤样品。该方法具有检测结果精准、灵敏度高、重现性好、操作快速的突出优点,能够充分满足土壤中铅和镉分析的实际需要。     

悬浮进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定茶叶中痕量铅和镉

采用悬浮法进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定茶叶中痕量铅和镉 ,样品不用消化 ,大大简化了操作步骤 ,避免了样品沾污和损失 ,获得了满意的结果     

Oral intake of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, manganese and zinc in the university student's diet

A duplicate diet meal study was carried out with a group of university students living in a hostel, in order to estimate the intake of Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb. Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Cd, Co and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a nitric acid wet digestion procedure. The estimated intake values from the contents of breakfast, lunch, dinner and drinks were compared with the values of the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) in the case of Cd and Pb, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of Co, Fe and Zn and Estimated Safe and Adequate Dietetic Daily Intake (ESADDI) of Cu and Mn. Neither excessive intake of Pb and Cd nor deficiencies in Zn, Co, Fe, Mn or Ni were observed, but Cu intake was lower than the ESADDI.     

基体稀释或基体匹配石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中铅和镉

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中Pb和Cd时,有时候直接按照方法标准GB/T 17141—1997操作,测定结果不能满足质控要求。研究结果表明,目标元素系列标准溶液中,分别含和不含土壤基体元素Na、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Ca等元素混合成分时,校准曲线斜率明显不同。为减小基体效应的影响,基于文献调研和实验结果,对上述方法标准实验步骤进行了下列改进:(1)取相同体积实际样品消解液混合后,定量加入到用于建立校准曲线的系列标准溶液中,用于基体匹配;(2)对消解液进行适度稀释,仍采用标准溶液建立校准曲线。用4个土壤标样和土壤样品加标测定结果对改进后的方法进行了验证,结果表明,基体稀释法测定Pb的回收率范围分别为90.4%~114%;测定低含量Cd时,回收率范围为84.1%~125%。基体匹配法测定Pb和Cd的回收率范围分别为93.0%~105%和102%~119%,基本满足土壤样品中重金属回收率为80%~120%的质控要求。样品中痕量镉在测定下限附近时,应严格控制稀释倍数,或采用基体匹配法测定。改进后的操作步骤适合日常检测工作中大批量土壤样品中Pb和Cd的准确测定。     

基体稀释或基体匹配石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中铅和镉

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中Pb和Cd时,有时候直接按照方法标准GB/T 17141—1997操作,测定结果不能满足质控要求。研究结果表明,目标元素系列标准溶液中,分别含和不含土壤基体元素Na、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Ca等元素混合成分时,校准曲线斜率明显不同。为减小基体效应的影响,基于文献调研和实验结果,对上述方法标准实验步骤进行了下列改进:(1)取相同体积实际样品消解液混合后,定量加入到用于建立校准曲线的系列标准溶液中,用于基体匹配;(2)对消解液进行适度稀释,仍采用标准溶液建立校准曲线。用4个土壤标样和土壤样品加标测定结果对改进后的方法进行了验证,结果表明,基体稀释法测定Pb的回收率范围分别为90.4%~114%;测定低含量Cd时,回收率范围为84.1%~125%。基体匹配法测定Pb和Cd的回收率范围分别为93.0%~105%和102%~119%,基本满足土壤样品中重金属回收率为80%~120%的质控要求。样品中痕量镉在测定下限附近时,应严格控制稀释倍数,或采用基体匹配法测定。改进后的操作步骤适合日常检测工作中大批量土壤样品中Pb和Cd的准确测定。     

固相萃取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定磷矿及磷肥中镉和铅

使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)直接测定磷矿及磷肥中Cd和Pb,受P和Ca等共存元素的干扰。当待测液中P和Ca的质量浓度分别大于Cd和Pb的10倍时,直接测定Cd、Pb结果的相对误差均大于5%,而磷矿及磷肥中P和Ca相对于Cd和Pb的含量远高于此倍数。研究表明,在pH≈2并含有0.01g/mL抗坏血酸和0.20mol/L KI试液中,强碱性阴离子交换纤维(SBAEF)能够定量萃取试液中的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ),而Ca~(2+)、PO_4~(3-)和其他共存的阳离子不被萃取;被SBAEF萃取的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ),能够通过0.07mol/L EDTA溶液定量洗脱后,使用ICP-AES测定,从而消除了P和Ca等共存组分对测定的干扰。Cd和Pb的质量浓度分别为1.00×10~(-3)~2.00μg/mL和2.00×10~(-2)~40.0μg/mL时与其发射强度呈线性,线性相关系数R2分别为0.999 294和0.999 984。方法中Cd和Pb的测定下限分别为6.00×10~(-2)和2.00×10-1μg/g。按照实验方法测定模拟样品中Cd和Pb,测定值和理论值相吻合。方法应用于实际磷矿和磷肥样品中Cd和Pb的测定,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不大于4.4%。分离方法也适用于火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定磷矿和磷肥中Cd和Pb。     

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定高炉除尘灰中钾铅锌砷

以粉末压片制样,采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测试高炉除尘灰中氧化钾、铅、锌和砷含量。对样品除碳方式、样品粒度、分析谱线、光学背景等条件进行了优化。试验发现:热电灰在500 ℃灼烧2 h、瓦斯灰在600 ℃灼烧3 h的除碳方式,可消除试样中高含量碳的干扰;样品粒度小于125 μm时测定结果的精密度较好;以Pb-Lβ、As-Kβ,、K-Kα、Zn-Kα作为分析谱线可避免光谱干扰;对钾和锌元素,采用一点法扣背景,而对于铅和砷元素,采用两点法扣除背景可克服光学背景干扰;以铁矿石标准样品和经原子吸收光谱法(AAS)定值并经灰分校正的高炉灰样品作为校准样品绘制校准曲线,4组分的线性相关系数(R²)在0.998 5～0.999 8之间。对一个高炉热电灰样品进行精密度考察,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)均不超过1%。对一组高炉除尘灰样品进行对比分析,4组分的测试结果同AAS相符。     

Species identification and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from contact lens paraphernalia

Because of recent agricultural policy to suppress rice production, a rather rare situation occurred in one prefecture in Japan that rice and winter wheat were grown in fields neighboring each other, rice being grown from May to October, and wheat from November to June of the next year. Grains of such rice and wheat were analyzed for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by atomic absorption spectrometry, and eight nutrient minerals by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Concentrations of nutrient minerals were higher in wheat grains than in unpolished rice grains (without husk), and similar trends were observed also for Cd and Pb. Flour obtained by milling of the wheat grains had significantly less Cd and nutrient minerals than the mother grains, and such reduction was also observed by treatment of unpolished rice to polished grain. Pb concentration was also reduced by the polishing of rice. Pb in wheat flour appeared to be higher than that in whole grain. Comparisons between the final edible forms of the two cereals showed that K and Cu were higher in polished rice than in wheat flour and that such may also be the case for Cd, whereas the reverse was the case for Ca and Fe, and possibly for Pb.     

火焰-原子荧光法与石墨炉原子吸收法测定化探样品和矿石中金的对比研究

分别采用了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和火焰-原子荧光光谱法对同一化探样品和矿石中的金进行了检测,比较了两种仪器测定方法的检出限、线性范围、分析速度、测试成本。实验结果表明,火焰-原子荧光法的检出限与石墨炉原子吸收法基本一样,且线性范围、分析速度、测试成本都优于石墨炉原子吸收法。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定银精矿中铅锌铜砷锑铋镉

采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸并采用微波消解处理样品,高氯酸冒烟至尽干,加盐酸溶解盐类,选择Pb 220.353nm、Zn 206.200nm、Cu 327.393/Cu 324.752nm、As 193.696nm、Sb 206.836nm、Bi 190.171nm、Cd 214.440nm/Cd 226.502nm为分析谱线,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉,从而建立了银精矿中铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉等杂质元素的分析方法。铅、锌、锑在0.50%~5.00%,铜、铋在0.10%~5.00%,砷在0.10%~3.00%,镉在0.050%~0.50%范围内校准曲线呈线性,线性相关系数r均大于0.9999。方法中各元素的检出限为0.001%~0.014%。实验方法用于测定两个银精矿样品中铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.74%~2.9%,并与相应的国标方法测定值相吻合(其中铅和锌采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(YS/T 445.9—2001),铜采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(YS/T 445.2—2001),砷和铋采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(YS/T 445.3—2001),锑参照采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(YS/T 445.3—2001),镉采用原子吸收光谱法(YS/T 445.8—2001))。按照实验方法测定两个银精矿样品中铅、锌、铜、砷、锑、铋、镉,并进行加标回收试验,回收率为96%~105%。     

气体浮选预富集与火焰原子吸收光谱法联用测定复杂基体样品中痕量重金属(英文)

水溶液中痕量金属离子、碘阴离子和亚甲基蓝(C_(16)H_(18)ClN_3·3H_2O,MB)形成疏水性三元缔合物([MI_(n+1)]~-[MB]~+)。通过气体浮选使得复杂基体样品如高盐度工业废水、海水和工业浓硫酸中痕量金属元素(Ag,Cu,Cd,Pb)分离预富集。三元配合物由高纯氮气带入5 mL甲苯溶剂中,甲苯溶液直接应用于火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定。研究了溶液pH值、KI和MB体积,以及收集试剂种类对分离预富集的影响,并得到了优化操作参数。对含分析物浓度为200 ng/mL的水溶液,其富集     

Hearing improvement after resection of cerebellopontine angle meningioma: case study of the preoperative role of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions

OBJECTIVE: The present study was initiated to investigate the validity of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in urine in comparison with the metals in blood as a biological marker of nonoccupational exposure of general populations to these metals as environmental pollutants. DESIGN: Peripheral blood samples, morning spot-urine samples, and 24-h total food duplicate samples were collected from 107 nonsmoking women (aged 30-59 years) in four urban and rural survey sites in Korea. METHODS: Portions of the samples were digested by heating in the presence of mineral acids, and the digests were analyzed for Cd and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metal concentrations in urine were adjusted for creatinine concentration and a specific gravity of 1.016. The analyte levels were evaluated on an individual basis (n = 107) and also on a group basis, i.e., in terms of geometric means for the survey sites (n = 4). RESULTS: Cd in urine correlated with Cd in blood on an individual as well as survey-site basis and tended to correlate with Cd in food duplicates on a group basis. The correlation of Pb in urine with Pb in blood was weaker than that of Cd in urine with Cd in blood when evaluated on an individual and survey-site basis. Pb in urine correlated with Pb in food duplicates either weakly or even negatively when examined on a survey-site basis. CONCLUSIONS: Cd in urine proved to be valid as a biological marker of environmental exposure of general populations, whereas less support was obtained for Pb in urine as an exposure marker.