溴氟菊酯防治菜青虫

１９９５、１９９６年用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油进行了防治菜青虫的田间药效试验。结果表明：用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油１０００和２０００倍稀释液，药后１天就达到了８０％以上的防效；药后７天，防效仍为９０％以上，各处理的防效均高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液的防效。     

灭铃净乳油防治棉铃虫药效试验

使用灭铃净乳油１０００,２０００,３０００倍液防治棉铃虫,药后７天防效均达到８５．４％以上;１０００倍液的防效可达９４．５％,保蕾效果为９２．１３％。１０００倍,２０００倍处理防效极显著地高于２．５％功夫菊酯乳油２０００倍处理。     

丙硫克百威防治棉蚜药效试验初报

１９９３、１９９４年用２０％丙硫克百威乳油进行了防治棉蚜的药效试验。试验结果表明，用该药５００、７５０倍液，药后３天均达到了８０％以上的防效，药后７天，５００、７５０、１０００倍液远达到９０％以上的防效，其中５００、７５０倍液的防效达到９６％以上，显著高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液７０％的防效。该药对棉蚜具有良好的杀虫效果，田间使用以７５０￣１０００倍液为宜。     

瓜蚜和瓜绢螟的药剂防效试验

药剂防治蚜和瓜绢螟的田间试验结果表明,２５％喹硫磷乳油１０００倍液对瓜蚜防治效果最好,药后５天防效达１００％,２１％灭杀毙乳油２０００倍液,４０．７％乐斯本乳油１０００倍液＋病毒复合杀虫剂可湿粉１０００倍液混合液防治瓜绢螟效果最好,药后５天防效达１００％。     

农地乐52．25％乳油防治甜菜夜蛾田间药效试验与示范

试验结果表明,农地乐 ５２．２５ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾速效性好于对照药剂抑太保和除尽,药后 １ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液达 ８０％以上,５００倍液达 ９０％以上。药后 ７ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液为 ９１．４％～９３．３％,与抑太保 １０％乳油 １０００倍液相当;５００倍液为 ９６．７％,与除尽相当。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾的持效期为 ７～８天。农地乐对作物安全。示范面积２．１× １０３ｈｍ２,平均防 效达 ８５％以上。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ已成为冀东防治甜菜夜蛾的首选药剂。     

溴氟菊酯防治果树,蔬菜上四种蚜虫的试验研究

１９９５年用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油１０００～３０００倍液对果树上的苹果黄蚜、桃蚜及蔬菜上的甘蓝蚜、菜缢管蚜进行了小区药效试验。结果表明：该药对上述四种蚜虫均具有良好的防治效果，明显优于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液，药后７天，１０００、２０００倍液对四种蚜虫防治效果均在９０％以上，对果树上的两种蚜虫持效期可达１４天左右。     

2.5%三氟氯氰菊酯乳油防治荔枝蝽蟓

田间试验表明,２．５％三氟氯氰菊酯乳油防治荔枝蝽蟓效果好,药后１￣７天防效均在９０．６％,其中２０００倍液击倒力强,药后１￣３天防效可达１００％。在荔枝蝽蟓卵孵化高峰期宜用２０００￣３０００倍液防治,在低龄若虫高峰期用３０００￣４０００倍液防治为好。     

三种复配农药对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果

田间试验结果表明用复方B．T．轧剂150倍液．26％辛·灭乳油800倍液，50％辛·氰乳油800倍液，防治甜菜夜蛾．药后5～7天平均校正防治效果均达86％以上。     

48％乐斯本乳油防治韭菜蛆试验

采用灌根法施用48％乐斯本乳油防治韭蛆具有较好的防治效果。试验表明，48％乐斯本乳油5000倍液和6667倍液药后30天防效均达到90％以上，且对作物安全。     

辛氯乳油防治棉铃虫药效试验

１９９３年用４０％辛氯乳油进行了防治棉铃虫的药效试验，在河北和山西两地的试验结果表明，用该药８００、１０００、１５００倍液，药后３天均达到８５％以上的防效，药后５天，８００、１０００倍液达到了９０％以上的防效。显著高于５０％辛硫磷乳油和１０％氯氰菊酯乳油的防效。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.