超细粉体二硫纶·菲咯啉二酮混配钴（Ⅱ）配合物的荧光特性和光敏性研究

报道了二氰基二硫纶·菲咯啉 5,6 二酮混配钴(Ⅱ)配合物CoLL′(L=mnt2-.mnt2-为1,2 二氰基乙烯 1,2 二硫醇离子.L′=phen 5,6 dione,1,10 菲咯啉 5,6 二酮)的合成和标题配合物的电子吸收光谱、电子发射光谱.研究了CoLL′对CdS的光敏化作用与其电子光谱间的关系.     

二羟基苯二磺酸锰配合物的合成、晶体结构及热稳定性

在水溶剂中,采用回流法合成了两个二羟基苯二磺酸单核Mn(Ⅱ)含氮配体配合物Na[Mn(3,5-(SO3)2HCat)(phen)2H2O](1)和[Mn(3,5-(SO3)2H2Cat)(phen)2H2O]·H2O(2)(H2Cat=1,2-二羟基苯,phen=1,10-邻菲罗啉)。采用X射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、元素分析、紫外可见光谱和热重分析等方法对配合物进行了表征。X射线单晶衍射表征结果表明:两个配合物晶体均属于单斜晶系,晶族分别为P2(1)/c和P2(1)/n。两个配合物的配位方式相似,锰离子均与两个1,10-邻菲罗啉、一个水分子以及磺酸基配位。锰离子是六配位的。     

[Mn(C_8H_4O_4)(C_(12)H_8N_2)]_n的合成、晶体结构及热分析动力学

在水热条件下,合成了配位聚合物[Mn(C8H4O4)(C12H8N2)]n(C8H4O4=间苯二甲酸根,C12H8N2=1,10-菲罗啉),通过X-射线单晶衍射、元素分析、红外、热重分析及荧光光谱对其结构、组成和性质进行了表征。结果表明,[Mn(C8H4O4)(C12H8N2)]n为一维链状结构,间苯二甲酸的羧基氧原子采用双齿和单齿桥连两种配位方式配位于Mn2+离子,荧光光谱显示配合物表现为强烈的荧光性。结合Achar微分法和Coats-Redfern积分法,对[Mn-(C8H4O4)(C12H8N2)]n在不同阶段的热分解反应动力学参数E、ln A进行了计算。     

二维网状配合物[Cd(HL)(tbb)(H_2O)]·2H_2O的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

以Cd(CH3COO)2、5-羟基间苯二甲酸(H3L)和新型多齿含氮配体2,4,6-三甲基-1,3-(二亚甲基苯)二(1,2,4-三氮唑)(tbb)为原料,通过水热方法合成了标题化合物。采用元素分析、红外光谱和X-单晶衍射法表征了该配合物的结构。结果表明:该化合物属于单斜晶系,空间群P21/c,晶胞参数a=1.033 74(5)nm,b=2.936 73(16)nm,c=0.843 23(5)nm,β=104.206(5)°,V=2.481 6(2)nm3,Z=4,F(000)=1 280,D c=1.683 g/cm3,R1=0.040 5,wR2=0.043 0[I2σ(I)]。配合物中Cd(Ⅱ)离子被HL2-阴离子和tbb中性配体连接成一个二维的网状结构,相邻的网进一步通过氢键作用形成一个双层结构,最终这些双层通过π…π的相互作用形成三维超分子结构。此外,还研究了该化合物在室温下的固体荧光性质。     

一维链状银配位聚合物[Ag(2,3-L)(NO_3)(pph_3)]_n的合成、结构与荧光性能

合成了一种一维链状银配位聚合物[Ag(2,3-L)(NO3)(pph3)]n{2,3-L=N-[(2-吡啶基)甲基]-3-吡啶胺,pph3=三苯基膦},并且对其进行了元素分析、红外、热重、荧光、粉末及单晶X射线衍射等表征。标题化合物属于正交晶系,Pbca空间群,a=1.72479(5)nm,b=1.45923(4)nm,c=2.11904(6)nm,V=5.3333(2)nm3,Z=8,R=0.0336。每个Ag(I)离子分别与两个2,3-L配体中的两个氮原子,硝酸根中的一个氧原子和pph3中的一个磷原子配位,构筑了四配位扭曲的四面体构型,由于配体的桥联作用使得标题配合物沿b方向形成了一维链状结构,同时该配合物在室温下于372nm处表现出较强的荧光发射。     

3-氨基吡嗪-2-羧酸锰配合物的合成与结构

以3-氨基吡嗪-2-羧酸为配体,合成了一个锰的单核配合物Mn(3-apac)2(H2O)2(1)(3-apac∶3-氨基吡嗪-2-羧酸),通过元素分析、IR、X-射线单晶衍射等手段对配合物(1)进行了表征。晶体学数据:单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=0.792 6(1)nm,b=1.269 9(2)nm,c=1.366 3(2)nm,β=91.903(2)°,V=1.374 44 nm3,Z=1,S=1.047,最终残差因子[I>2σ(I)]R1=0.031 1,wR2=0.092 9,对于全部数据R1=0.034 4,wR2=0.095 8。     

一维锌配合物的设计合成、晶体结构及对溶剂的响应

以醋酸锌,有机三酸2-(3,5-二羧基苄氧基)苯甲酸及长链咪唑配体1,4-BBI在水热条件下合成了一种新型锌配合物[Zn(L)(1,4-BBI)]·H2O (L=5-羟甲基对苯二甲酸,1,4-BBI=1,4-苯并咪唑)。采用X-单晶衍射技术对配合物进行了结构解析,并通过荧光光谱进行表征。结构分析表明,配合物可归属为单斜晶系,P21/n空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0. 80724(8) nm,b=1. 63953(16)nm,c=1. 67399(15) nm,alpha=gamma=90°,beta=94. 930(2)°,V=2. 2073(4) nm 3,Z=4。金属Zn2+离子处于四面体构型中,Zn2+之间通过5-羟甲基对苯二甲酸的羧基及1,4-BBI的桥联作用,组成为一维链状构型,再通过氢键作用形成三维超分子结构。荧光性质研究显示,配合物的发光主要源于有机配体的π→π*跃迁产生,对溶剂的响应表现为丙酮有荧光猝灭的效果,可作为荧光探针检测丙酮。     

钴(Ⅱ)配合物[Co(2,2′-bipy)2(NO3)]2SO4·(H2O)5的水热合成和晶体结构

以2,2′-联吡啶和硝酸根为混合配体,通过水热反应合成了一个新的钴(Ⅱ)配合物[Co(2,2′-bipy)2(NO3)]2SO4·(H2O)5,用元素分析、红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射表征了配合物的结构.标题配合物晶体属单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,晶体学参数:a=0.709 32(9) nm,b=1.952 8(2) nm,c=1.684 1(2) nm,β=96.835(2)°,V=2.316 1(5) nm3,Z=2,D=1.495 g/cm3.配合物中每个钴(Ⅱ)离子与两个2,2′-联吡啶分子中的4个N原子、1个硝酸根的两个O原子形成六配位的变形八面体结构.     

功能型二硫纶·硝基菲咯啉混配镍(Ⅱ)配合物的光敏性研究

报道了二氰基二硫纶.5-硝基-菲咯啉混配镍(Ⅱ)配合物NiLL′(L=mnt2-,mnt2-为1,2-二氰基乙烯-1,2-二硫醇离子。L′=5-NO2-phen,5-硝基-1,10-菲咯啉)的电子吸收光谱、电子发射光谱。研究了NiLL′对CdS的光敏化作用与其电子光谱间的关系。     

配位聚合物[Cu(py)_2(m-bdc)]_n的合成、晶体结构及热分解动力学

采用溶剂扩散法合成了过渡金属配位聚合物:[Cu(py)2(m-bdc)]n(m-bdc=间苯二甲酸,py=吡啶),根据X-单晶衍射给出配合物的结构,该配合物是由间苯二甲酸根桥连的具有二维无限网状结构的聚合物,为单斜晶系,P 21/c空间群,晶胞参数:a=1.0017(5)nm,b=1.1358(6)nm,c=1.7014(7)nm,α=γ=90°,β=114.38(2)°,V=1.7631(15)nm3,Z=15,Dc=1.454 g·cm-3。应用非等温动力学研究技术研究了配合物的热分解机理,采用Ozawa法和KAS法给出了配合物热分解过程的活化能(Ea),用主曲线法得到了配合物热分解过程的机理函数积分式G(α)。结果表明:[Cu(py)2(m-bdc)]n在170℃开始分解,420℃分解结束。[Cu(py)2(m-bdc)]n的分解过程分两个阶段完成,两个分解阶段的表观活化能分别为72.971 kJ·mol-1,179.012 kJ·mol-1;机理函数的积分式分别为:G(α)=(-ln(1-α))0.48(1)、G(α)=(-ln(1-α))0.83(2)。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。