不锈钢的液相等离子体表面强化初探

在试样上施加250～600V、1500Hz的高压脉冲电源，在乙二醇-氯化钠电解液中，1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢试样作阴极，石墨作阳极，在试样表面产生明显的微区等离子放电，经3～5min处理，试样表面获得厚约0．2mm的强化层。结果表明：1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在经过液相等离子体强化处理后，其显微硬度由心部的175．6HV增加到513．2HV，通过X射线衍射分析得出在试样表面有大量的（Fe-Cr-Ni-C）相存在，从而反映出在本实验条件下，试样表面可产生明显的强化作用：为1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的强化探索了一条新的途径。     

HIP diffusion bonding of P/M titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti

The HIP diffusion bonding of P/M titanium alloy Ti-6A1-4V and stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti using pure Ni as intermediate layer was studied. Bonding joint with complex bonding interface was obtained by HIPing pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4V powders and stainless steel 1Crl 8Ni9Ti in a vacuum canning. The joint strengths were examined and the characteristics of bonding joint were observed. The result shows that the maximized strength of HIP diffusion bonding between P/M titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti can be up to 388 MPa and the microstructure of bonding joint is acceptable.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢旋压管内壁灰带分析

通过实验，分析了１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢旋压管内壁灰带缺陷的形成原因，讨论了（Ｃｒ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｔｉ）_４Ｃ_３（孪晶）形成的可能性。     

Fe70Cr10P13C7合金激光非晶化研究

Fe70Cr10P13C7是一种可形成非晶态的合金,它除具有比一般结构钢高得多的断裂强度外,还具有特别突出的耐腐蚀性能。用2～5kw连续波CO2激光在40Cr钢基体上首先获得晶态的Fe70Cr10P13C7宽带熔覆层,而后获得多道搭接的厚约0.2mm的非晶层。该非晶层动电位极化曲线表明,非晶态Fe70Cr10P13C7的耐腐蚀性高于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和加Cr的Ni-Nb非晶合金。     

不锈钢复合钢管组织及其性能

采取外层先离心浇注10号钢,再浇注内层1Cr18Ni9Ti得到离心复合空心管坯,管坯内外表面加工后进行热挤压和冷轧,试制出了47mm×4.5mm的碳钢/不锈钢复合钢管,对不锈钢离心复合管坯生产复合钢管工艺路线进行研究,并对复合管金相组织、性能及结合层质量等方面进行分析。结果表明,复合管内外层冶金结合良好,晶粒明显细化,终轧后晶粒由铸态时3.0～3.5级变为7.0～8.0级,复合管压扁、弯曲及热处理后晶界腐蚀检验合格。     

Microstructure and vacuum tribological properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel with combined surface treatments

A sulfide film was fabricated on the nanocrystalline layer of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by a two-step method of supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB) and low temperature ion sulfurization treatments. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanocrystallized surface and the sulfide film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (equipped with EDS), augur energy spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and nano-indenter. The tribological behaviour of the treated (after SFPB and sulfurizing treatments) 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel in vacuum was investigated on a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that, randomly oriented equiaxial nanograins with the mean grain size less than 30 nm were formed in the top surface layer of the SFPB treated sample, and a compact and uniform sulfide film mainly composed of FeS was obtained after the succedent sulfurizing treatment. Compared to the original 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel, the treated surface revealed lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance in vacuum, and the variation of tribological properties with atmospheric pressure of the treated samples was not significant. The dominant wear mechanisms of the treated 1Cr18Ni9Ti in vacuum were abrasive wear and fatigue wear.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力的实验研究

阐述了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切削特性,应用正交试验法进行了球头刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力实验,以铣削速度、铣削深度、进给量、行间距和斜面与水平面的夹角为试验因素,以球头刀斜面铣削力为试验指标。根据实验结果,回归得出了预测1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力的模型,并分析了各试验因素对铣削力的影响规律,最后给出了球头刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面时的推荐铣削参数值,并将其应用于不锈钢搅拌桨叶片加工。     

双层辉光等离子制备TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能

利用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术,在Q235钢表面直接合成TiN渗镀层,该渗镀层由TiN颗粒均匀分布的扩散层及表面TiN沉积层组成。将TiN渗镀层与Q235钢基体和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在4%的NaOH溶液、l mol/L H2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中分别进行电化学腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:在4%的NaOH溶液中,TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了26.8倍,与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢相当;在l mol/L H2 S04溶液中,TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了10.5倍,比1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢提高了1.65倍;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了10.3倍,但比1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢稍差。TiN渗镀层耐酸碱性溶液腐蚀性能要比耐盐溶液腐蚀性能强。     

土壤中SRB及Cl-对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀的相互影响

利用交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱、失重法、微生物分析等方法 ,研究了在不同Cl-含量的土壤中 ,硫酸盐还原菌对 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀的影响规律 .13 6d的试验结果表明 ,不同Cl-含量土壤中SRB菌量在2 3 0 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 0 (个 /克土 )之间 ,Cl-的加入并没有显著影响SRB的生长 ,随着Cl-的加入土壤中SRB的菌量有增大的趋势 ;随着土壤中Cl-含量的增大 ,不锈钢腐蚀电位负偏移 ,而且在接菌土壤中的腐蚀电位比在灭菌土壤中负移幅度更大 ;不锈钢在灭菌土壤中没有发生点蚀现象 ,而在接菌土壤中发生了严重的点蚀 ,最大点蚀深度随着土壤中Cl-含量的增加而增大 ,这说明在土壤中SRB及Cl-的共同作用下 ,增大了不锈钢的点蚀敏感性 .不锈钢在灭菌土壤中的阻抗图谱表现为一个半径很大的容抗弧 ,而在接菌土壤中的阻抗图表现为两个时间常数的双容抗弧     

模拟酸雨组分对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢土壤腐蚀行为的影响

利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法研究了模拟酸雨组分对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在土壤中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,酸雨组分对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀行为影响显著。随着SO42-与NO3-浓度比的减小,不锈钢的腐蚀速率减小,说明硫酸型酸雨对本体系的腐蚀性明显强于硝酸型酸雨。不锈钢的电化学阻抗谱表现为双容抗弧,其腐蚀过程主要受氧扩散过程控制。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢冷变形与再结晶组织及性能

研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢加工硬化时组织的演变过程及其对性能的影响。结果表明，冷变形可提高钢的各种强度性能指标，尤其大大改善疲劳性能。经60％变形后，钢的疲劳强度提高了65％左右。随着加热保温时再结晶过程的进行，钢的强度下降而塑性逐步恢复。     

铝合金/Cu/不锈钢接触反应钎焊及中间层溶解行为(英文)

以Cu作为接触反应材料连接6063铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,探讨焊接工艺参数对接头组织的影响规律,分析中间反应层Cu的溶解特性结果表明:在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面反应层由Fe2Al5、FeAl3金属间化合物和Cu-Al金属间化合物构成,与之相邻区域主要含Cu-Al金属间化合物,焊缝组织由Al-Cu共晶及大块状的Al固溶体组成;随着保温时间的延长,焊缝组织最为显著的变化是在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面的金属间化合物层厚度增加,共晶组织宽度逐渐减小;中间反应层Cu的溶解速度非常迅速,是以秒为计量单位的快速过程,厚度为10μm的Cu溶解时间仅为0.47s。     

钛合金与不锈钢超塑性扩散连接工艺及机理研究

基于微细晶超塑性扩散连接方法,对TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢成功实现了直接扩散连接,系统分析了接头性能、界面微观结构及超塑性扩散连接机理。结果发现：TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢直接超塑性扩散连接时,较佳连接工艺规范为：温度T=760~820 ℃,压力p=6~9 MPa,时间t=20~40 min;接头剪切强度τ＝125.3~148.7 MPa。与一般直接扩散连接相比,连接温度降低了约100 ℃,接头的剪切强度提高了1倍以上,且连接试样无明显变形。细化热处理TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢超塑性扩散连接时,其接头的形成过程大致可分为3个阶段：形成紧密接触阶段、接触表面激活阶段及靠近活化中心的界面冶金结合区形成阶段。     

等离子合成TiN渗镀层组织结构及耐蚀性研究

采用等离子合成TiN渗镀层方法,在碳钢表面形成TiN沉积层＋含TiN的扩散层组织,Ti和N原子由表及里呈梯度分布,表面是均匀、致密的TiN胞状组织,显微硬度在20 GPa～25 GPa之间;沉积层与基体之间有一扩散过渡区,结合力好,无剥落现象.X射线衍射结果表明：渗镀层表面为TiN层,(200)晶面的衍射峰最强,具有明显的择优取向.将TiN渗镀试样与不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti和Q235钢在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中进行电化学腐蚀对比实验表明：TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能比不锈钢和Q235钢基体分别提高了1.4和4.2倍.      

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2/NiCr涂层抗加沙空蚀性分析

采用HVOF技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体上制备了Cr3C2/NiCr涂层,借助XRD,TEM,SEM等方法分析了涂层的组织形貌及相组成.以1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢作为对比材料,用磁致伸缩空蚀仪配备扬沙装置测试了涂层在清水以及含沙水中抗空蚀性能.结果表明,涂层呈层状结构,含有未熔颗粒和少量孔隙,涂层由Cr3C2,Cr7C3,Cr23C6及NiCr等相组成;在清水试验中,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢抗空蚀性能良好,与空蚀过程中1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢产生加工硬化有直接关系;在含沙40 kg/m3试验水中,Cr3C2/NiCr涂层呈现出较好的抗空蚀性能,与涂层自身相组成以及较高硬度有关.Cr3C2/NiCr涂层破坏总是从孔隙等薄弱环节开始,而1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的破坏起始于晶界和孪晶界.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti与1Cr13不锈钢的焊接试验

通过钨极氩弧焊方法,对 1Cr18Ni9Ti 与 1Cr13 实施焊接.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对 1Cr13 马氏体型与 1Cr18Ni9Ti 奥氏体型不锈钢焊接接头进行金相组织、断口形貌观察及分析;利用显微硬度计、电子万能拉伸机测量焊接接头的力学性能;并通过海水模拟溶液浸泡试验,测量焊接接头极化曲线和交流阻抗谱.结果表明,通过手工钨极氩弧焊,采用直流正接接法,在合适的工艺下(焊接电流为 80 A,焊接速度为 110 mm/min),能够获得外观平整、组织均匀,力学性能与电化学性能符合要求的焊接接头.

Abstract：

The stainless steels of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 1Cr13 were welded through deterministic craft by tungsten inert-gas (TIG) welding. The microstructure and fracture pattern of weld joints of 1Cr13martensite and 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steels were observed and analyzed by means of LOM and SEM, the mechanical properties of the weld joints were measured with micro-hardness tester and electronic universal stretcher, and the polarization curves and AC impedance spectroscopy of weld joints were tested by seawater immersion test of simulation solution. The results show that adopting manual TIG welding through electrode negative to direct current soldering machine to weld 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steel and 1Cr13 martensite stainless steel is feasible; under suitable process (welding current is 80 A, welding speed is 110 mm/min), weld joints can obtain good appearance and uniform structure; mechanical properties and galvano-chemistry properties can meet use requirements.     

渗硅奥氏体不锈钢的组织和性能研究

采用硅粉作渗剂,在850℃、900℃和950oC对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了不同时间的渗硅处理。通过金相试验、XRD和硬度试验等研究了渗硅层的组织、渗层深度、硬度和抗氧化性能。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti钢均获得了致密的渗硅层,渗层主要由Fe3Si相以及少量的FeSi相组成,其中夹杂着黑色粒状物。渗层深度随着渗硅温度的提高而增厚,并与渗硅时间的平方根成正比;稀土催渗剂可以明显提高渗硅层深度。渗硅显著提高了不锈钢的表面硬度及抗氧化性能。     

NiCrWFeSiBCCo合金涂层的组织与耐空蚀性

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术,在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体表面制备NiCrWFeSiBCCo合金涂层. 采用金相显微镜(OM)、超景深体视显微镜(SM)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层的显微组织和空蚀前后表面的微观形貌;采用表面粗糙度测试仪和显微硬度测试仪对涂层表面粗糙度和显微硬度进行表征;采用X-Ray衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的相组成;采用磁致伸缩空蚀试验仪测定涂层的空蚀性能,并与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的空蚀性能进行比较. 结果表明,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备的NiCrWFeSiBCCo涂层组织均匀,结构致密(平均孔隙率为0.63%),硬度为1 004 HV,NiCrWFeSiBCCo涂层的抗空蚀性能明显优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢.     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe-Cr基涂层的硬度与汽蚀性

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备了Fe-Cr基涂层,用磁致伸缩汽蚀仪研究了喷涂层的汽蚀性,并与水利机械常用材料ZG06Cr13Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢进行了对比。结果表明:涂层包含未熔或半熔的球形颗粒和少量孔隙,层与层之间结合紧密,层间无明显条带状组织。Fe-Cr涂层具有高的硬度(1099HV0.2),抗汽蚀性明显优于ZG06Cr13Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢(285HV0.2)。两者的汽蚀形貌存在较大差异,ZG06Cr13Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢的汽蚀坑圆滑,而Fe-Cr基涂层汽蚀坑形状极不规则,与涂层中的孔隙有某种对应关系。     

INFLUENCE OF PHASE COMPOSITION ON PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF SPUTTERED COATING OF 1Cr18Ni9Ti STAINLESS STEEL

A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistanceagainst pitting corrosion was studied by measurements of pitting corrosion potentials andelectrochemical noise during initiation of corrosion pits.The results show that the sputteredcoatings with single bcc phase or single fcc structure are more resistant to pitting corrosionthan those with bcc plus fcc duplex phase structure.