纳米ZnO的分散及PAN/ZnO纳米复合纤维膜的制备

利用添加分散剂、超声波分散及机械搅拌的方法将纳米氧化锌(ZnO)分散在聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备了PAN/ZnO纳米复合纤维膜。研究了分散剂的添加顺序、分散剂的种类、分散剂的用量对纳米ZnO分散效果的影响;用扫描电镜观察PAN/ZnO纳米复合纤维膜的微观形貌。结果表明:将质量分数为10%(相对于纳米ZnO)的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)加入到DMAC溶液中,超声分散20 min,纳米ZnO的分散效果最好。     

分散剂对聚酰亚胺纤维纸性能的影响研究

实验以PEO、吐温-80、MOA-9为分散剂,研究了分散剂种类及其用量对聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维分散能力及对PI纤维纸物理性能的影响。结果表明:添加单一分散剂时,PEO分散效果最好,当PEO用量为0.06%时,PI纤维纸物理性能最佳;添加混合分散剂比单一分散剂的分散效果好,且PEO和MOA-9混合分散效果最好,当PEO与MOA-9用量为3:2时,聚酰亚胺纤维纸物理性能最佳。     

球磨法制备分散红60微纳米分散液的研究

采用氧化锆珠作为球磨介质,以木质素磺酸钠和萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物为分散剂,讨论了球磨处理C.I.Disperse Red60染料制备微纳米染料分散液的工艺参数对染料粒径和分散稳定性的影响.结果表明,不同直径氧化锆混合的球磨介质优于单一直径氧化锆,木质素磺酸钠与萘磺酸钠混合分散剂优于单一分散剂.当分散液中染料用量为20%,m(染料)∶m(分散剂)=1∶1,复合分散剂m(木质素磺酸钠CBOS-4)∶m(萘磺酸钠MF)=2∶1,多元醇添加剂用量为10%(对染液总质量),采用m(Φ=2 mm)∶m(Φ=1 mm)∶m(Φ=0.5mm)=17.5∶65∶17.5混合氧化锆球珠作为介质,m(染料)∶m(介质)=1∶20,球磨48 h,得到了稳定的染料分散液,颗粒平均粒径D50为132 nm.     

纳米级无机浆料添加剂的制备及稳定性研究

制备了由TiO2组成的纳米级无机浆料添加剂分散液,并对稳定性进行了研究.结果表明:分散方式、分散剂种类及用量对纳米颗粒的分散效果有很大影响,采用有机、无机复合分散剂的分散效果优于单独使用有机或无机分散剂.在纳米TiO2水分散体系中,加入12.90%的分散剂硅溶胶、0.1%的分散剂FSN-100和1.0%的分散剂H3204,球磨4 h所得的纳米TiO2浆料体系稳定性最佳,无分层现象且纳米颗粒的团聚较少.随放置时间的延长,纳米TiO2水分散体系会出现颗粒团聚现象,并以软团聚形式存在,只需借助机械分散作用,即可使团聚粒子重新分散,恢复成纳米粒子状态.     

水体系中纳米TiO2粉体的分散稳定性研究

本文选用不同类型的复合分散剂对纳米TiO2粉体在水体系中的分散效果进行了比较,探讨了分散剂的种类、用量及超声时间对纳米TiO2粉体在水体系中分散稳定性的影响;采用粒径分布图及粒径分布参数和沉淀法对分散体系进行了综合分析,确定了合适的分散剂并优化了分散剂的配比。     

纳米CaCO3在水中的分散

 选择水为分散介质,通过添加分散剂和超声波的作用对纳米CaCO₃进行分散。测试分散体系的透光率、zeta电位和体系中纳米CaCO₃粒子的粒径以表征分散效果。通过对六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)、多聚磷酸钠(SPP)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)3种分散剂的分散效果比较,证明SDBS能提高纳米CaCO₃在水中分散性,是一种较合适的分散剂。探讨了分散剂用量、分散体系pH值和超声波作用时间对分散效果的影响。当SDBS用量为0.14%,pH值为8.5,超声波作用时间为5 min时,纳米CaCO₃在水中的分散效果较好。     

纳米氧化锌在水中的分散行为及其应用

研究纳米ZnO在水中的分散行为，重点讨论了pH值、分散剂种类及其用量对体系稳定性的影响。采用Zeta电位、沉降沉实验和粒度分析等测试手段，对纳米ZnO微乳液的性状进行表征。结果表明，pH值为10时，添加A类分散剂，微乳液中的ZnO粒径在100nm以下的颗粒体积，超过了颗粒总体积的93％。以此微乳液对涤棉织物进行抗紫外线整理，整理后织物对紫外线的屏蔽率达到99．4％以上。     

纳米ZnO分散液的制备及其在棉织物上的应用

通过对比试验选用聚丙烯酸类阴离子表面活性剂和钛酸酯偶联剂作为联合分散剂对纳米ZnO进行分散处理,使纳米ZnO分散体系稳定性良好,并采用TEM法对分散体系中纳米ZnO微观结构进行了表征。另外,对复合整理前后织物的白度、折皱回复角等性能也进行了测试和比较。研究表明,棉织物经聚丙烯酸钠和钛酸酯偶联剂分散的纳米ZnO溶液整理后,抗紫外线性能显著提高。采用壳聚糖和氨基硅酮作为交联剂,通过复合整理法可使纳米粒子与棉织物牢固结合,抗紫外线性能持久。     

纳米TiO_2在聚丙烯酸酯涂层胶中的分散及其表征

研究了分散剂种类、用量及机械搅拌速率和超声分散时间对纳米TiO2粉体在聚丙烯酸酯涂层胶中的分散效果及其稳定性的影响。结果表明:离子型分散剂比非离子型的分散效果更优;当DisponorW-511分散剂用量在4%~8%之间,分散体系的分散效果和稳定性变化不大;随着机械搅拌速率和超声分散时间的增加,分散效果呈现出先增后降的趋势。     

纳米材料的分散及在棉织物抗菌整理中的应用

研究了4种不同类型的分散剂在不同pH值下对纳米粒子的分散效果。结果表明0.1%的聚丙烯酸钠在pH为9时对0.15%的纳米粉体具有良好的分散性。另外，还研究了复合纳米微粒ZnO/TiO2的协同抗菌效果。     

负载纳米ZnO非织造材料的制备及其光催化性能

 采用自制的纳米ZnO整理剂制备了负载纳米ZnO非织造布,利用Zeta电位及粒径分析仪研究了整理剂的Zeta电位、纳米ZnO的粒径大小和分布;运用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了负载于非织造布上纳米ZnO颗粒分布情况。研究结果表明：整理剂中ZnO颗粒的平均粒径小于100nm,整理后非织造布上大多数颗粒粒径都小于100nm。负载纳米ZnO非织造布具有良好的光催化性能和一定的耐洗性,经洗涤8次后,其光催化性能依然保持在50%以上;在相同的条件下,采用含有丙烯酸酯黏合剂的纳米ZnO整理剂处理后的非织造布耐洗牢度较好。     

壳聚糖/纳米ZnO涂膜对圣女果的保鲜作用

通过溶液共混制备得到不同纳米ZnO含量的壳聚糖/纳米ZnO涂液,观测了该涂膜的微观结构,并考察了其对圣女果的保鲜性。结果发现:当纳米ZnO含量较低(1%和2%)时,纳米粒子较均匀的分散于壳聚糖膜中。但当纳米ZnO含量增加到3%时,纳米ZnO出现了团聚。保鲜实验发现,纳米ZnO含量为1%的壳聚糖/纳米ZnO涂膜能够最大程度的提高圣女果的感官品质、降低其失重率,并减少其在贮藏过程中Vc及可滴定酸含量的损失。而纳米ZnO含量为2%和3%的壳聚糖/纳米ZnO涂膜的保鲜效果不明显。     

纳米ZnO整理剂的改性分散工艺研究

通过单因素分析了超声时间、pH值、分散剂低聚丙烯酸钠PAAS、硅酸钠、OP-10及偶联剂KH-570的用量对纳米氧化锌的分散,并通过正交实验确定纳米氧化锌改性分散的最佳工艺条件,最终分散结果纳米氧化锌的平均粒径达到53.16nm,且形貌均一稳定。     

新型紫外线屏蔽整理剂Nano-SUV的研制及其在棉织物上的应用

采用模板介入法自制了纳米ZnO、TiO2以及其复合粉体,通过表面活性剂和溶剂的选择研制出对紫外线具有良好屏蔽作用的系列整理液Nano-SUV,比较了单一粉体和复合粉体的紫外屏蔽效果,研究了不同因素对Nano-SUV抗紫外性能的影响.结果表明:粒径大小对抗紫外线效果有明显的影响,19nm的TiO2以及39nm的ZnO对紫外线均具有较好的屏蔽作用,复合粉体比单一粉体效果更佳,双尾型阴离子表面活性剂PECE可以显著提高紫外屏蔽剂的分散和应用稳定性,喷雾法效果优于浸轧法.     

Ionic liquid mediated application of nano zinc oxide on cotton fabric for multi-functional properties

In this work, nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) was applied onto cotton fabric by exhaustion method using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl], to improve its uptake and fixation. Effect of temperature on the exhaustion of nano-ZnO in the presence of ionic liquid was investigated. A spectrophotometric method was established to determine the concentration of nano-ZnO in the exhausted bath. Treated cotton fabrics were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis and UV spectrophotometry. Washing durability test using the AATCC 61-2003 method demonstrated that the amount of nano-ZnO retained in the cotton substrate was sufficient enough to exhibit 50+ UV protection and 99% inhibition against the tested pathogenic micro-organisms. A plausible mechanism for better exhaustion of nano-ZnO on cotton fabric has been proposed on the basis of ionic liquid driven swelling property of the cotton polymer.     

负载纳米ZnO的聚氨酯/聚酯纤维发泡复合绵的制备及其性能

为解决目前衬垫材料弹性较差及缺乏功能性的问题,采用化学溶液法合成了纳米ZnO材料,将其分散到聚氨酯(PU)发泡胶液中与非织造聚酯纤维绵基材进行复合,制备出一种功能性发泡复合绵材料。对纳米ZnO的形貌与结构进行表征,测试了复合绵的压陷回弹性能、光催化特性、防紫外线性能及落球回弹性能。结果表明:合成的纳米ZnO是由直径为30 nm、长为5 μm的纳米棒组成的纳米花,单个纳米棒为六方相;复合绵具有不规则的孔洞结构,其落球回弹率最高可达到58.9%;聚氨酯含量越高,复合绵的压陷回弹性越好;添加纳米ZnO后,复合绵在900 min内可将甲基橙完全降解,其紫外线防护系数值随ZnO质量分数的增加而升高,且稳定性好。     

Improvement properties of nylon fabric by corona pre-treatment and nano coating

This article tries to represent a supplemental method based on surface modification in order to optimizing the per cent of nano cohesion to give the better performances, such as antibacterial resistance and UV-blocking characteristic (especially in nano-ZnO), which nanoparticles carry inherently. Corona treatment was used to modify the surface of Nylon 6 fabrics in Sixdifferent conditions (related to power and passages). Treated fabrics were dyed with acidic dye and imbued with nano-ZnO simultaneously and antibacterial property, dye absorption and UV-blocking characteristic of samples were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe a porous Nylon fibre consisting of nano-ZnO. By increasing the power and number of passages of the corona atmosphere in which samples were contacted with, the water absorption increased. The result demonstrated that by increasing power and passages of corona treatment, dye absorption decrease likely due to the increase of the nano-ZnO cohesion. UV blocking increased in relation with increasing power and passages of corona treating. Results from antibacterial property on samples showed that by increasing the power and passages of corona treatment, the fabrics became more resistance to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.     

Physical,mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer/chitosan/nano-ZnO (ECNZn) nanocomposite films incorporating glycerol plasticizer

In this study the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and chitosan polymers mixture film containing nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) and glycerol was developed for food packaging. Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the film matrix were evaluated at different ratios of the biodegradable polymers (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) which contain nano-ZnO and incorporate with glycerol as the plasticizer. Film topography and cross-sections were evaluated by FE-SEM and AFM examinations. To assess characterization of the nanocomposites structure and network chemistry, FTIR spectroscopy was considered. The results indicate that EVOH improved barrier properties, transparency and mechanical properties. The antimicrobial properties were improved by adding chitosan. With adding glycerol decreases in barrier properties and increases in percentage of elongation at break (ε_b) were observed. Adding nano-ZnO improved barrier, mechanical and antimicrobial properties and significantly reduced the adverse effects of glycerol. Taken together, these data reveal that the new nanocomposite provides the better properties and the less adverse effects of plasticizer on matrix film.     

纳米氧化锌的制备与光催化性能的研究

氧化锌是一种高效、无毒性、价格低廉的重要光催化剂。以乙酸锌和草酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO。采用XRD、SEM对纳米ZnO的结构和形貌进行了分析,结果表明,不同焙烧温度下得到的纳米氧化锌均为六方晶系的纤锌矿结构,平均粒径大小在10～55nm。样品颗粒形状基本上为球形,样品颗粒大小比较均匀。以甲基橙溶液为模拟污染物对纳米ZnO的光催化性能进行了研究,结果表明,焙烧温度对纳米氧化锌的光催化性能有一定影响,不同温度下纳米ZnO的光催化效率不同,在焙烧温度450℃时,催化效果较好,可以达到61%。     

The influence of combined storage procedures of foods on B vitamins content demonstrated at the example of heat sterilisation and irradiation

This work presents a literary survey of accessible information on the applications of binary and trinary combinations of preservation methods (thermosterilization and irradiation with other preservation methods) and on their influence on B vitamin groups (thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B₆ and folacin) in comparison with traditionally used thermosterilization. It refers to the advantages of the combined techniques of preservation as a real possibility to replace the traditional preservation techniques by non-traditional and less destructive processes.