Sol-gel法制备Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3铁电薄膜

利用Sol-gel工艺在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3(PZT)薄膜,研究了退火温度、保温时间和薄膜厚度对其晶相、微观结构和铁电性能的影响.在500℃退火处理的PZT薄膜开始形成钙钛矿相;在550℃退火处理的PZT薄膜基本形成钙钛矿相结构;升高退火温度(500～850℃)、延长保温时间(30～150min)、增加薄膜厚度(120～630nm)都有利于PZT晶粒的长大.在650～750℃退火的PZT薄膜具有较好的铁电性能,保温时间对PZT薄膜的铁电性能影响不大,PZT薄膜的厚度为200～300nm时可以得到比较好的铁电性能.在退火温度750℃、保温时间30min条件下退火处理厚310nm的PZT薄膜,其剩余极化值(2Pr)和矫顽电场(2Ec)分别是72μC/cm2、158kV/cm.     

Ti_3Al和Ti_2AlNb合金扩散连接界面的组织及力学性能

采用直接扩散连接Ti3Al和Ti2AlNb合金,研究了连接压力、连接温度、保温时间等工艺参数对接头界面组织形貌及性能的影响。利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法观察分析了界面组织结构,并测试了接头的力学性能。结果表明:直接固相扩散连接接头的典型组织为Ti3Al/O相+α2相过渡层/富B2层/Ti2AlNb。当连接温度为1000℃,保温时间60min,连接压力为5MPa时获得的接头室温抗剪强度为635MPa,室温抗拉强度为795MPa,均断裂于Ti3Al母材一侧。经1000℃/60min热循环后Ti3Al母材的抗拉强度下降至原始母材的76%。连接温度低于950℃或保温时间小于60min会导致未焊合等缺陷;温度高于1050℃或保温时间超过120min则导致Ti3Al发生相变。     

热处理工艺对TiO2纳米管阵列结构及其光电性能的影响

通过阳极氧化法在钛箔上制备了TiO2纳米管阵列,在不同热处理工艺下使其晶化.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管经450~750℃热处理后为纳米晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸随退火温度升高而增大,相同温度下氮气气氛中热处理的TiO2平均晶粒尺寸小于空气气氛中热处理的TiO2.氮气气氛下退火可拓宽TiO2由锐钛矿型(Anatase)向金红石型(Rutile)结构转变的热处理温度范围,650℃以上退火处理后,TiO2纳米管中掺杂有少量的氮.光照开路电位测试和稳态极化曲线测试结果表明,在氮气气氛中、经650℃退火处理2 h制备的TiO2纳米管阵列电极光电响应性能最佳,此时TiO2为锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶结构.     

纳米TiO2薄膜的制备与表面形貌研究

研究退火温度对薄膜相结构、表面化学组成及形貌的影响。采用射频磁控溅射法在单晶硅片上淀积TiO2薄膜,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X光电子能谱（XPS）对其进行表征。结果表明,室温制备400℃以下退火的TiO2薄膜为无定形结构,400℃以上退火的TiO2薄膜出现锐钛矿相,600℃以上退火的TiO2薄膜开始出现金红石相,退火温度在1000℃以上时样品已经完全转变为金红石相;随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸和表面粗糙度逐渐增大,但是当退火温度为1000℃时反而有所减小,晶粒尺寸和表面粗糙度在退火温度为1000℃时发生的这一突变现象,是由该退火温度下的相变导致。     

电子束蒸镀纳米TiO_2薄膜结构、相组成及亲水性研究

利用电子束蒸镀技术在石英玻璃和单晶Si〈100〉上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜,研究了衬底温度和退火温度对其结构、相组成和亲水性能的影响。结果表明,衬底温度为40~240℃时,石英玻璃上制备的薄膜为无定型TiO2,单晶Si〈100〉上制备的薄膜为弱结晶性的金红石TiO2,两类薄膜的亲水性均很差。退火温度显著影响薄膜的相组成及亲水性能。石英玻璃上不同衬底温度制备的TiO2薄膜经550,650℃退火后均转变为锐钛矿TiO2,具有很好的亲水性能。单晶Si〈100〉上不同衬底温度制备的TiO2薄膜经550~950℃退火后,均由金红石和锐钛矿TiO2混晶组成,且随退火温度升高,薄膜中锐钛矿TiO2含量逐渐增加;随退火温度升高,衬底温度为40℃时制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水性能逐渐降低,而衬底温度为240℃时制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水性能逐渐增强。     

退火温度对Ti53.5Ni22.8Cu23.7合金快速凝固条带组织的影响

采用快速凝固法制备了Ti53.5Ni22.8Cu23.7合金薄带,对快速凝固合金条带在不同温度下退火热处理态的微观结构进行了X射线衍射和TEM分析.结果表明, 在450℃退火处理时,合金组织为B19、B2和条状析出物共存,条状析出物与基体呈共格关系,宽约为10～15nm;500℃退火以后形成纳米多晶B19和单晶B19的混合组织;Ti2(Ni Cu)析出物在高于550℃以上温度退火时形成,其晶粒尺寸随温度升高长大,板条宽由30～50nm变化到200～300nm;在650℃退火态下,Ti2(Ni Cu)晶粒进一步长大并影响马氏体的形貌,局部区域高密度晶界相互叠加形成莫尔条纹.     

热处理工艺对Ti-230合金薄板组织和性能的影响

研究了不同退火温度和退火时间对Ti-230钛合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响.测试了不同退火工艺条件下合金薄板的强度和塑性.用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察了微观组织和析出相粒子Ti2Cu的分布.实验结果表明,随着退火温度从650℃升至790℃(保温30 min),合金板材的抗拉强度从541 MPa升到580 MPa,延伸率从27.5%降到26%.在给定790℃,保温时间分别为5,15,30 min条件下退火,其强度和延伸率变化不是十分明显.从OM和TEM对组织的观察得出,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒度明显增大,晶粒等轴化程度增加,析出的Ti2Cu粒子随退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长明显减少.采用790℃,30min退火工艺,其晶粒尺寸,Ti2Cu粒子的分布及Cu在基体中的固溶度可以达到良好的匹配,使合金获得最佳的力学性能.     

原子层沉积低温制备高取向锐钛矿TiO_2薄膜

利用原子层沉积(ALD)法分别在Si和石英衬底上制备了Ti O_2薄膜,并在N2氛围下对Ti O_2薄膜样品进行退火处理。采用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和场发扫描电子显微镜对不同退火温度下样品晶体结构、表面形貌进行了分析。利用紫外-可见分光光度计对不同退火温度下的Ti O_2薄膜进行了光学性能测试,并分析了退火温度对其光学带隙的影响。发现利用ALD方法制备的沉积态Ti O_2薄膜为高度择优取向的锐钛矿结构;当退火温度升高到600℃时,Ti O_2薄膜晶体结构类型仍为锐钛矿型,晶粒略有变大;退火态Ti O_2薄膜粗糙度比沉积态Ti O_2薄膜的粗糙度大,而且粗糙度随退火温度升高而增大。根据薄膜的透射光谱拟合了光学带隙,退火后薄膜禁带宽度略有变宽,吸收边缘发生蓝移。     

微波烧结TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的高温氧化行为

采用微波烧结法制备TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料,研究TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料在550、650和750℃空气中的恒温氧化行为,并对氧化膜的表面、截面形貌及相组成进行了分析。结果表明:TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料由TiC、ɑ-Ti+β-Ti三种物相组成。随着氧化温度的增加,TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的氧化规律由抛物线型转变为直线型,在650℃温度以下,复合材料的氧化产物主要由TiO_2组成,而750℃时氧化层主要有外层极薄的TiO_2、中间层Al_2O_3和TiO_2混合区及大部分内层TiO_2三部分组成。随着TiC含量增加,氧化激活能增大,氧化物粒径减小,TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的抗氧化性能也越好。     

TC4合金表面Y改性铝化物涂层的组织及高温氧化性能北大核心CSCD

为提高TC4合金的抗高温氧化性能。采用在900,940和980℃扩散渗2 h的方法在TC4合金表面制备了Y改性的铝化物渗层,并通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及能谱仪分析了渗层的结构及相组成,研究了渗层在1000℃时的抗氧化性能,讨论了其氧化机制。结果表明:不同温度所制备的渗层主要组成相均为Al3Ti,此外在900℃制备渗层中含有少量的Al23V6,在940,980℃制备渗层中分别检测到了Al2Ti3及Al2Ti相;渗剂中添加Y能够降低涂层的内应力,抑制渗层中裂纹的产生。940℃共渗2 h制备的Y改性Al化物渗层在1000℃氧化50 h后表面形成了致密的Al2O3氧化膜,显著的提高了TC4合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.