竹片/环氧乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的界面性能研究

采用不同浓度的碱与不同浓度的硅烷偶联剂对竹片进行表面改性,研究了表面改性对竹片抗拉强度及其复合材料制品界面层间剪切强度的影响。实验结果表明:适当浓度的碱处理改性方法对竹片拉伸强度和竹复合材料界面剪切强度的提高要明显优于KH550改性方法,双重改性对竹片的抗拉强度具有较好的改善效果;通过扫描电镜分析冲击断面破坏方式发现,竹片/环氧乙烯基酯树脂复合材料界面损伤模式主要表现为竹片中竹纤维抽拔断裂、基体断裂、纤维/基体界面脱粘以及剪切分层,界面性能有所改善。     

ABS车用防撞护栏材料的制备及防撞机理研究

利用挤出-注塑成型方法制备了纳米CaCO3/钛酸钾晶须/丁腈橡胶/ABS汽车防撞护栏材料。通过正交设计方法对复合材料的配方进行了优化,并用扫描电镜观察其缺口冲击断面。结果表明:按最佳配方制备的复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲弹性模量、弯曲和拉伸强度分别比纯ABS提高了39.8%、176%、79.3%和20.1%。其防撞机理表现为材料受到冲击时橡胶颗粒内部及表面产生空穴,伴之以空穴之间聚合物链的伸展和剪切而导致基体的形变,属典型的塑性变形。     

竹纤维微生物改性对竹塑复合材料性能的影响

采用微生物法对竹纤维进行改性,研究其对竹纤维成分及结构的影响,通过热压成型制备了不同竹塑配比的竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(PP/BF),并对其力学性能、断面微观结构进行表征来探讨竹纤维对聚丙烯基体的增强性能。结果表明:微生物改性能有效去除纤维素表面部分的半纤维素、木质素等成分,并在一定程度上降低了竹纤维的极性,改善了竹纤维与聚丙烯基体的界面浸润性。所得的竹塑复合材料以竹纤维添加量为30%时,力学性能最优,其拉伸强度、弹性模量较纯聚丙烯材料分别增强了3.4%、29.4%,弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别提高了38.9%、37.5%。     

机织/针织混合铺层对复合材料力学性能的影响

为使纺织复合材料同时具有机织结构复合材料和针织结构复合材料的综合力学性能,通过混合铺层方式制备机织/针织混合结构复合材料。以芳纶机织平纹织物和针织罗纹织物为增强体,以环氧树脂为基体,调整复合材料中增强体的铺层顺序,利用真空辅助成型技术制备四层层压机织/针织混合结构复合材料。通过对复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能的测试,分析混合铺层和铺层顺序对芳纶环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,混合铺层和铺层顺序对芳纶环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度有较大影响,特别是对罗纹结构复合材料纬向弯曲强度和冲击强度的改善。当采用相同铺层方式,罗纹织物为受力面时,机织/针织混合结构复合材料具有较大弯曲强度和冲击强度。     

ABS汽车防撞护栏材料的研制及应用

用正交实验设计和挤出-注射成型方法制备了纳米CaCO3、钛酸钾晶须、丁腈橡胶改性(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)复合材料,并以缺口冲击强度和弯曲弹性模量为主要指标,通过对正交实验结果的极差和方差分析得到了最佳配方,最后以其为基础制备了防撞护栏材料。结果表明,用挤出-注射成型方法制备ABS复合材料是可行的,正交实验设计、极差和方差分析方法能够有效应用于复合材料的配方优化,其最优方案为A3B3C2D4,所制备ABS复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别比纯ABS提高了39.8%、176%、79.3%和20.1%。     

2.5维碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的力学性能

采用低压化学气相渗透法制备了具有热解碳界面层的2.5维SiCf/SiC复合材料.研究了界面层厚度和基体制备工艺对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:0.1μm厚的界面层使材料的弯曲强度提高了104.2%从144增加到294MPa),材料表现为非灾难性断裂;界面层厚度进一步增加(到0.161μm),纤维的增强效果减弱,材料的断裂行为变差.基体制备温度由1050℃降到950℃时,材料强度增加了≈45%(从188增加到274MPa):制备压力由8kPa增加到16kPa时,气孔率升高,SiC基体晶粒形状由菱形变为球形.基体的球形晶粒有利于提高材料的承载能力,虽然复合材料的气孔率较高,但其弯曲强度却稍有增加.     

碳纤维布/玻纤布增强聚氨酯复合材料的研究

以聚氨酯为基体树脂,分别以碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和这两种纤维布交替铺叠作为增强材料,采用真空辅助灌注成型工艺制备了4种复合材料.考察了纤维布的铺层结构对复合材料的弯曲、拉伸和冲击性能的影响.结果显示,复合材料的拉伸模量和弯曲模量随碳纤维含量增加而增加,冲击强度则降低.分别采用TGA、DMA和SEM对复合材料的热性能、界面...     

竹纤维增强聚双环戊二烯复合材料的研究

将竹纤维(BF)和聚双环戊二烯(PDCPD)通过反应注塑成型制备竹纤维增强PDCPD复合材料。采用干燥法、碱处理法、硅烷偶联剂处理法分别对竹纤维进行表面改性,结合力学性能、红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析检测手段,确定最佳竹纤维处理方法和最佳竹纤维用量。结果表明:采用硅烷偶联剂处理后的竹纤维用量为2%时,PDCPD/BF复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别为49.824 MPa、99.903 MPa和94.34 J/m~2,比改性前分别提高了104.7%、61.82%和624.6%;改性后PDCPD/BF复合材料的热变形温度(HDT)达到108.2℃,比改性前提高了53.2%。     

改性竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

以聚丙烯为基体材料,不同处理工艺改性的竹纤维为增强材料,采用密炼-注塑工艺制备聚丙烯/竹纤维复合材料。通过红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、万能试验机等对复合材料的化学结构、表面形态、热性能、力学性能等进行表征和测试。结果表明:偶联剂与碱处理均可改变竹纤维的表面特性,改善复合材料的界面相容性,其力学性能、热性能均随处理工艺有所改善。当偶联剂KH-550含量为2%时,复合材料有较好的力学性能,其断裂伸长率为14.5%,拉伸强度为30.48 MPa,冲击强度为22.4 kJ/m2。     

界面改性对竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

分别以0.5%(质量分数,下同)、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%异氰酸酯(MDI)界面改性剂改性处理后的竹纤维和聚乳酸为原料,通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,探讨MDI用量对复合材料界面、力学性能、热性能的影响。结果表明,MDI可以改善竹纤维和聚乳酸界面相容性;随着MDI用量的增加,复合材料拉伸强度逐渐增大,冲击强度先增大后减小;MDI添加量为1.5%时,复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到最大值63.4MPa和11.3kJ/m2;随着MDI用量的增加,复合材料的储能模量逐渐增大,损耗因子逐渐降低,玻璃化转变温度、结晶温度和热分解温度逐渐升高,热稳定性增加。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.