基于混合粒子群算法并计及概率的梯级水电站短期优化调度

针对梯级水电站短期优化调度的不确定性问题,研究了不确定性因素的概率分布规律,并根据实际系统的运行要求,给出了概率分布密度函数的假设检验方法。探索发电用水量与各种随机因素的互动关系及影响机理,构建了一种新的计及概率的梯级水电站短期优化调度策略。把灾变理论、混沌优化思想和基本粒子群算法结合起来,形成一种混合粒子群算法。该算法扩大了种群的搜索空间,增加了种群的多样性,改善了基本粒子群算法摆脱局部极值点的能力,并能从理论上证明其依概率收敛至全局最优解。将混合粒子群算法嵌入蒙特卡罗随机模拟中对本文提出的模型进行求解,求解方法简单有效。仿真结果表明,该策略能较好地处理不确定性条件下梯级水电站的短期优化调度问题。     

机会约束规划下的梯级水电站短期优化调度策略

以一定时期内可能实现的总的目标利润最大化为目标,在一定的置信水平的前提下满足约束条件,基于机会约束规划构建了一种新的的梯级水电站短期优化调度策略。模型全面分析了蓄水量、弃水量、前池水位、放水路水位、发电水头之间的关系,并考虑了电价、入库径流量、机组运行状况等不确定因素对梯级水电站短期优化调度问题的影响。利用粒子群算法算简单、鲁棒性好、可操作性强的优势,将其嵌入蒙特卡罗随机模拟对模型进行求解。算例说明了该方法可以根据电站的实际情况协调风险和利润这两个相互矛盾的指标,实现最优化决策。     

基于混合粒子群算法的短期负荷预测模型

由于电力负荷内在的非线性特性,传统基于梯度搜索的参数辨识技术可能陷入局部最优,影响了预测精度,故提出了混合进化和粒子群优化算法。将进化算法的基本思想引入粒子群优化算法,不但保持了粒子群算法结构简单、易于实现的特点,而且充分发挥了进化算法的全局搜索能力,可有效提高算法的精度和收敛速度。对上海地区电网进行短期负荷预测,与实际值相比较,结果表明,该算法具有较高的预测精度,是一种有效的短期预测方法。     

水火电力系统短期优化调度的不确定性模型

分析了电力市场中日前交易与实时交易的关系,考虑了水火电力系统的水力联系和电力联系,针对各种不确定性因素的影响,基于机会约束规划提出了一种新的水火电力系统短期优化调度的不确定性模型。允许所形成的调度方案在某些比较极端的情况下不满足约束条件,但这种情况发生的概率必须小于某一置信水平。兼顾日前交易和在此计划下可能存在的实时交易的费用,实现系统的火电机组和用以实时平衡的功率调整的费用最小化,并针对该模型给出了基于粒子群算法和蒙特卡罗仿真的求解方法。算例仿真说明了该方法的有效性。     

An improved PSO technique for short-term optimal hydrothermal scheduling

This paper presents a new approach to the solution of optimal power generation to short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem, using improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) technique. The practical hydrothermal system is highly complex and possesses nonlinear relationship of the problem variables, cascading nature of hydraulic network, water transport delay and scheduling time linkage that make the problem of finding global optimum difficult using standard optimization methods. In this paper an improved PSO technique is suggested that deals with an inequality constraint treatment mechanism called as dynamic search-space squeezing strategy to accelerate the optimization process and simultaneously, the inherent basics of conventional PSO algorithm is preserved. To show its efficiency and robustness, the proposed IPSO is applied on a multi-reservoir cascaded hydro-electric system having prohibited operating zones and a thermal unit with valve point loading. Numerical results are compared with those obtained by dynamic programming (DP), nonlinear programming (NLP), evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) approaches. The simulation results reveal that the proposed IPSO appears to be the best in terms of convergence speed, solution time and minimum cost when compared with established methods like EP and DE.     

计及阀点效应负荷经济分配的杂交粒子群算法

提出了一种用于求解复杂的非凸、非线性具有阀点效应的火电有功负荷经济分配问题的杂交粒子群算法（HPSO）。HPSO通过粒子追随自己找到的最优解和整个群的最优解来完成优化,并在此基础上将遗传算法的杂交思想引入到PSO算法当中,使其避免局部最优。算例的仿真结果表明：本文的算法有效、可行,可望应用于更广泛的优化问题。     

基于改进PSO的SVM参数优化及其在风速预测中的应用

针对风电场短期风速预测的准确性问题,提出一种基于改进粒子群优化（PSO）算法的支持向量机（SVM）风速预测方法.通过对基本粒子群算法中的学习因子进行改进,来改善粒子群算法的自我学习能力和社会学习能力,从而使其更有利于收敛到全局最优解,进而能够找到更准确的参数值,使支持向量机的预测误差达到最小,提高风速的预测精度.实验结果表明,与PSO-SVM预测法和SVM预测法相比较,改进PSO-SVM法预测结果更准确.     

粒子群优化算法在电力系统中的应用综述

粒子群优化(PSO)算法是一种新兴的群体智能优化技术,其思想来源于人工生命和演化计算理论,PSO通过粒子追随自己找到的最优解和整个群的最优解来完成优化。该算法简单易实现,可调参数少,已得到广泛研究和应用。在大量参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,简要介绍了PSO算法的工作原理,较为全面地详述了粒子群优化方法在电力系统中的应用,如电网规划、检修计划、短期发电计划、机组组合、负荷频率控制、最优潮流、无功优化、谐波分析与电容器配置、参数辨识、状态估计、优化设计等方面,并对今后可能的应用指出了研究方向。     

混合粒子群优化算法在电网规划中的应用

在含被动聚集因子的粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization with passive congregation,PSOPC)算法和和谐搜索(harmony search,HS)的基础上,构建了一种新的混合粒子群优化(heuristic particle swarm optimization,HPSO)算法。该算法根据电网规划的特点,采用“飞回机制”处理变量的约束条件,利用和谐搜索处理规划问题的约束条件,使粒子群在迭代过程中始终保持在可行域内,同时该算法中引入了被动聚集因子,有效改善了粒子的进化机制,提高了粒子的自由搜索能力。18节点算例验证了该算法应用于电网规划的正确性和有效性,HPSO算法、粒子群优化算法和PSOPC算法的比较结果表明该HPSO算法具有较好的收敛性能。     

Civilized swarm optimization for multiobjective short-term hydrothermal scheduling

This paper presents a solution technique for multiobjective short-term hydrothermal scheduling (MSTHTS) through civilized swarm optimization (CSO) which is the hybrid of society–civilization algorithm (SCA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The intra and inter society communication mechanisms of SCA have been embedded into the food-searching strategy of PSO to form CSO. The MSTHTS problem is formulated by considering economic and emission objectives. A new ideal guide method has been proposed to find out the Pareto-optimal front. Multi-reservoir cascaded hydro power plants having nonlinear generation characteristics and thermal power plants with non-smooth cost and emission curves are considered for analysis. Other aspects such as, water transport delay, water availability, storage conformity, power loss and operating limits are fully accounted in the problem formulation. The performance of the proposed CSO is demonstrated through two MSTHTS problems and the results are compared with those presented in the literature. CSO along with the new ideal guide method outperforms all the previous approaches by providing quality Pareto-optimal fronts.     

求解电力库模式下竞价管理问题的改进粒子群算法

提出了一种新的用于求解电力库模式下竞价管理问题的改进粒子群算法，改善了基本粒子群优化算法收敛精度不高且易陷入局部极值的缺点。每个粒子的速度和位置的更新不仅考虑了自身个体极值和全局极值的信息，还考虑了其他粒子所包含的信息，并通过改变惯性权重保持了群体的多样性。通过收敛性分析可知，该算法能较好地收敛到最优解。算例结果表明本文提出的算法比其他算法更具有优越性。     

多目标混合进化算法及其在经济调度中的应用

鉴于环境保护的要求,对于经济调度问题,需同时考虑环境要求、发电费用等多个目标。提出一种基于进化规划(evolutionary programming,EP)和粒子群优(particle swarm optimization,PSO)的多目标混合进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary programming and particle swarm optimization,MOEPPSO),MOEPPSO采用了EP的变异操作,用来抑制PSO的快速收敛所带来的种群早熟问题,而PSO的记忆、协作能力则弥补了EP收敛速度慢的缺点。此外,MOEPPSO应用自适应网格算法对外部库中的Pareto解集进行调整,对一个30节点IEEE系统进行计算,结果显示MOEPPSO在获得最优Pareto解集、降低计算复杂度、提高收敛效率等方面具有很强的优越性。     

基于免疫粒子群优化算法的梯级水电厂间负荷优化分配

免疫粒子群优化算法(IA-PSO)是将免疫系统的免疫信息处理机制引入粒子群算法(PSO)中,利用其特有的浓度选择机制以及疫苗接种原理,改进了粒子群优化算法的全局寻优能力,提高了收敛速度。在分析梯级水电厂间负荷分配的数学模型和IA-PSO算法特点的基础上,提出了基于IA-PSO算法的负荷优化分配方法,建立了数学模型,给出了具体求解步骤。经实例验证,IA-PSO算法得出的负荷分配方案优于PSO算法的计算结果,且算法后期收敛速度快,从而为梯级水电厂间负荷优化分配问题提供了一条新的求解途径,可应用于更广泛的优化问题。     

基于C-PSO的水火电混合电力系统电源规划

提出了一种粒子群算法与遗传算法结合的组合粒子群算法,并将其用于求解复杂的、非线性的水火电混合电力系统电源规划问题。该结合算法引入的遗传算法成功地提高了基本粒子群算法的全局搜索能力,同时也比基本遗传算法的收敛速度更快。算例结果表明:对于短期规划,该算法能可靠、快速地收敛到全局最优解,对于大型电力系统的中长期电源规划问题也可得到较好解。     

基于微粒群算法的梯级水电厂短期优化调度研究

介绍了一种易于实现、参数少且收敛快的集群智能算法—微粒群算法,并将其应用于梯级水电厂的短期优化调度。提出以确定微粒群在多维空间中的最优位置来实现多阶段优化调度决策的方法,并针对算法易陷入局部最优的缺陷,引入遗传算法中的“杂交”因子以及采用自适应的惯性权重,以改进其全局优化能力。通过实际算例验证了该算法的有效性,从而为梯级水电厂的短期优化调度问题提供了一种新的求解途径。     

基于粒子群算法的电力系统经济负荷分配研究

电力系统经济负荷分配,是指在满足电力系统或发电机组运行约束条件的基础上,在各台机组间合理地分配负荷以达到最小化发电成本的目的,是经济调度中非常重要的问题。粒子群算法是一种源于对鸟群捕食的行为研究的进化计算技术,具有全局优化能力强、收敛性好和编程实现简单等优点。将粒子群算法应用于电力系统经济负荷分配问题的研究中,通过对实际算例进行仿真测试,证实该算法可有效解决经济负荷分配问题,性能对比显示,该算法求得的解优于传统优化算法所求得的解。     

Quantum-Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization for Valve-Point Economic Load Dispatch

Economic load dispatch (ELD) is an important topic in the operation of power plants which can help to build up effective generating management plans. The ELD problem has nonsmooth cost function with equality and inequality constraints which make it difficult to be effectively solved. Different heuristic optimization methods have been proposed to solve this problem in previous study. In this paper, quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is proposed, which has stronger search ability and quicker convergence speed, not only because of the introduction of quantum computing theory, but also due to two special implementations: self-adaptive probability selection and chaotic sequences mutation. The proposed approach is tested with five standard benchmark functions and three power system cases consisting of 3, 13, and 40 thermal units. Comparisons with similar approaches including the evolutionary programming (EP), genetic algorithm (GA), immune algorithm (IA), and other versions of particle swarm optimization (PSO) are given. The promising results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method and show that it could be used as a reliable tool for solving ELD problems.      

Particle Swarm Optimization Based Global Descent Method

This letter proposes a new global descent method based on not only the concept of a conventional descent method in mathematical programming but also the concept of search direction in particle swarm optimization (PSO) in metaheuristics. The proposed method, called particle swarm optimization based global descent method (PSOGDM), consists of two main procedures; (i) determination of search direction and (ii) global optimization for given search direction. Although the search direction that has three parameters is decided based on the concept of PSO, the proposed PSOGDM is a single-point search different from PSO. Global optimization for a given search direction is performed by PSO. The search capability of the proposed PSOGDM is examined based on the results of numerical experiments using five typical benchmark problems. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

电力系统机组组合问题的改进粒子群优化算法

机组组合问题是一个大规模的非线性混合整数规划问题.文章首先对机组组合问题的0、1变量进行松弛,应用罚函数方法将此问题转化为一个非线性连续变量的规划问题,并应用改进粒子群优化算法求解.该算法在标准的粒子群优化算法的基础上,每个粒子速度和位置的更新不仅考虑自身个体极值和全局极值的信息,还考虑其它粒子所包含的信息.通过收敛性分析可知,若合适地选择算法的控制参数,该算法能较好地收敛到最优解.算例表明文章所提出的算法具有解的质量高、收敛速度快的优点.     

A new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting

In this paper, a new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting is proposed. Auto-regressive (AR) and moving average (MA) with exogenous variables (ARMAX) has been widely applied in the load forecasting area. Because of the nonlinear characteristics of the power system loads, the forecasting function has many local optimal points. The traditional method based on gradient searching may be trapped in local optimal points and lead to high error. While, the hybrid method based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization can solve this problem more efficiently than the traditional ways. It takes advantage of evolutionary strategy to speed up the convergence of particle swarm optimization (PSO), and applies the crossover operation of genetic algorithm to enhance the global search ability. The new ARMAX model for short-term load forecasting has been tested based on the load data of Eastern China location market, and the results indicate that the proposed approach has achieved good accuracy.