西水自备电厂锅炉烟气脱硫技术的选择和应用

针对电厂内循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率低的问题,通过比较不同脱硫技术的优点、适用煤种以及国内中小型锅炉脱硫技术的应用情况,选用炉内喷钙脱硫技术对原有脱硫设备进行改造。介绍了炉内喷钙脱硫工艺的特点及系统构成,并给出了脱硫工艺改造经济性分析。分析表明炉内喷钙脱硫效率达70％-80％,SO2排放浓度仅为360mg·m^-3左右,完全满足国家环保政策考核标准,并且收到了良好的经济效益和环保效益,可作为中小型循环流化床脱硫工程参考。     

回转再生式烟气加热器技术分析

烟气加热器(常称GGH)是石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中的重要设备之一,其运行状况直接影响脱硫系统的效率。本文主要介绍烟气加热器的结构特点及影响泄漏率的因素,并提出改进方案。     

The Imaginary Plane Mothod of Radiation Heat Transfer in The Freeboard of Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler

An imaginary plane method for calculation of radiative heat trensfer and its application in the freeboard of AFBC boiler is presented in this paper. The combustion reaction and particle concentration are taken into account in this method. With is method, one-dimensional freeboard model for radiative heat transfer has been made. Results from this model have been compared with the experimental results of a 130 t/h AFBC boiler. The distribution of flue gas temperature and heat flux at the waterwell are obtained. It is shown that this model has the advantage of good accuracy and requiring less computation time. The applicability of the predicted results in the AFBC boiler design and operation was also discussed.     

喷淋塔内塔壁液膜脱硫的模型研究

石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫喷淋塔中塔壁液膜区的形成不可避免,因此需要对其脱硫机理进行研究.将塔壁液膜的流动分为层流和波动层流2种状态,并分别考虑在这2种状态下液膜对SO2的吸收,建立了塔壁液膜脱硫过程的数学模型.模型中涵盖了SO2的吸收、石灰石的溶解、亚硫酸根的氧化和石膏的结晶4个主要的脱硫反应控制步骤,模型计算结果与试验数据吻合较好.     

300MW CFB锅炉脱硫系统的优化措施

介绍某台国产300MW CFB锅炉石灰石脱硫系统出力小远达不到设计值、输送系统故障频繁且易堵管、石灰石粉品质差及来煤含硫量高等存在的问题,通过脱硫系统的改造,采取根据来煤煤质进行掺配降低入炉煤含硫量,再以从煤沟脱硫系统掺配一定比例的石灰石为主、炉内石灰石系统投运为辅等优化措施,有效降低了烟气中SO2的含量,达到环保运行、清洁生产。     

Research on kinetics of limestone desulphurization reactions under a reducing atmosphere

With the development of the second generation pressurized fluidized‐bed combustion combined cycle (PFBC‐CC), integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and the technology of staged combustion for lower emission of NOx, limestone desulphurization under a reducing atmosphere is gradually becoming a very important problem. This paper presents static tests of limestone desulphurization reaction under a reducing atmosphere. The experiment was done by an atmospheric thermogravimetric analyzer (TG‐DTG8110, made in Japan). The sorbent is limestone from Nanjing, China. Its CaCO₃ percentage is 93·75% and particle mean diameter is 0·63mm. Mixed gas concentrations are as follows. (N₂+H₂S) mixed gas: [H₂S] is 1·366E4, 2·277E4 and 2·73E4mg(Nm³)⁻¹; (O₂+N₂) mixed gas: [O₂] is 3, 5, 7 and 100%. Test temperatures are 920–930°C and 835–845°C. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained from the experiment. Sulphidation reaction at about 925°C and oxidation reaction at about 848°C are carried out easily. Through numerical handling, the dynamic equations of sulphidation and oxidation reactions are also obtained. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石灰石中镁含量对脱硫石膏结晶特性的影响

以某电厂附着水质量分数高的脱硫石膏为样本,对比其他电厂正常脱水石膏,对石膏成分、晶体形貌及粒径分布进行分析,确定了石灰石氧化镁含量偏高是导致石膏附着水质量分数偏高的根本原因.石灰石中氧化镁含量偏高致使浆液中镁盐含量上升,进而导致浆液中石膏晶核过多,石膏晶体变小,恶化了石膏的脱水性能.石灰石中镁含量过高会影响脱硫石膏结晶特性,导致脱硫石膏颗粒变细,也会增加磨制单耗,影响石灰石制粉细度,进一步影响石灰石的溶解.建议电厂选购石灰石时应同时考虑镁含量.     

煤粉炉内喷钙脱硫后的灰特性变化

无论是对新装机组或对老机组进行改造，要成功地应用炉内喷钙脱硫技术还存在许多问题。本文通过实验研究，分析了煤粉炉内喷钙后对结渣、沾污、灰负荷和灰浓度、比电阻、磨损等产生的影响。认真分析喷钙后产生的新问题，对新电厂的设计或者电厂的改造具有现实意义。     

脱硫系统吸收塔浆液PH值控制与仿真

电站湿式石灰石/石膏脱硫系统中,为保证较高的脱硫效率(95％以上),吸收塔内浆液PH的控制是其中最重要的控制参数之一.目前,电站中广泛采用石灰石浆液PH值为反馈信号,引入锅炉负荷信号和FGD进口S02含量作为石灰石浆液的前馈信号,进行石灰石浆液给料调节的方法,虽然提高了控制水平,但是由于吸收塔内化学反应过程的强非线性和...     

CFB锅炉炉内高效脱硫技术应用与运行管理

文中简述了某公司CFB锅炉采用的炉内脱硫系统工艺,对制约CFB锅炉炉内脱硫效率的石灰石选择、石灰石投入量和运行床温控制等进行了的总结,某公司的运行管理经验显示,这有助于CFB锅炉炉内脱硫系统的稳定运行和二氧化硫的达标排放,可为国内CFB锅炉机组提供借鉴。     

Experimental study on fluidized-bed start-up process with hot gas

For simulating the Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) start-up with high-temperature oil-fired gas, systematical experimental study and theoretical analyses were carried out on an Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion (AFBC) test facility which has a water-cooled distributor in cross-section of 0·664 m×0·656 m. The characteristics of heat transfer of the water-cooled distributor were revealed. The effects of some operating parameters on the normal start-up process are evaluated. The findings reported in this paper are used to provide a data base for designing PFBCB start-up systems. It can also be applied to the design of AFBC boilers and the improvement of existing ones. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review of fluidized-bed combustion technology in the United States

Work on fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) began in the United States in the mid-1960s, with primary emphasis on industrial applications. With the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, the environmental benefits of the technology soon attracted interest. This provided the impetus for expanded effort focused on the reduced nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions resulting from lower combustion temperature and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) capture by means of chemical reaction with limestone or dolomite in the fluidized bed. The oil embargo of 1973 further stimulated interest in FBC technology. Recent interest in fuel flexibility has sustained the interest in FBC in the United States.Several U.S. manufacturers now offer atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC) and circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) units for industrial applications. However, FBC for electric power generation remains in the development and demonstration phase. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) are operating a 20-MW(e) AFBC utility pilot plant and are proceeding with plans for a 160-MW(e) demonstration plant with other participants. Research on pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) has been under way at Grimethorpe in South Yorkshire, England, at the Curtiss-Wright Pilot Plant in the United States, and at other smaller test facilities. An emerging turbo-charged PFBC concept is likely to stimulate more near-term interest in PFBC technology for both industrial and utility applications.This paper describes the major U.S. programs and test facilities. The remaining technical uncertainties and the future outlook for the technology are also discussed.     

湿法烟气脱硫的石灰石消溶特性研究

本间歇式酸消溶石灰石实验系统研究了不同种类的石灰石在稀盐酸溶液中的静态消溶规律。实验通过自动滴定仪控制盐酸溶液的补给量来维持pH值的恒定,在pH值4.0~6.1和温度40~60℃的范围内实测了几种石灰石不同颗粒分布(PSD)的消溶过程,得出降低反应的pH值和提高反应的温度均可以加快石灰石消溶,而在相同温度和pH值条件下,品种不同的石灰石其粒度分布对消溶进程具有重要影响的结论。在探究无机盐CaCl2浓度影响时,得出Cl-浓度升高将导致石灰石消溶速度下降的论断。最终得到石灰石消溶率与时间的拟合公式。根据实验结果和相关理论提出石灰石消溶的数学模型,为工程实际应用提供科学参考依据。     

WFGD系统中添加有机酸对传质的影响

鉴于石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫（WFGD）的广泛应用,主要在前人研究的基础上,对三种典型的有机酸添加剂脂肪酸、己二酸和混合酸（DBA）的作用机理及对传质的影响情况作简要的介绍。     

炉内喷钙脱硫实验研究

本文讨论了炉内喷钙脱硫工况条件下,ＳＯ２和ＮＯｘ排放的影响因素。     

富钙生物油的脱硫性能研究

利用自制热重装置分别考察了富钙生物油与传统钙基脱硫剂的性能和温度、CO2,SO2浓度对富钙生物油煅烧产物脱硫性能的影响。试验结果表明,富钙生物油的脱硫速率优于氢氧化钙和乙酸钙。在SO2体积分数低于0.4%时,富钙生物油的脱硫速率在整个脱硫过程中变化很小,由此推断在脱硫过程中其表面以及孔道不会被CaSO4堵塞,整个反应受SO2在其表面的扩散控制。温度对富钙生物油的脱硫性能影响显著,经900℃煅烧,富钙生物油生成的煅烧产物CaCO3/CaO在800～850℃条件下获得最大脱硫速率;CO2的浓度对其脱硫速率无显著影响。烟气中SO2体积分数高于0.4%时,提高SO2浓度会导致富钙生物油脱硫速率增加值显著下降。     

喷钙脱硫成套技术

介绍炉内喷钙──炉后喷水增湿烟气脱硫成套技术以及国内研究开发的集除水滴、固硫和除尘于一体的湿颗粒层过饱和增湿高效脱硫除尘技术。     

富钙生物油煅烧及脱硫特性研究

富钙生物油作为一种新型的脱硫剂,其煅烧分解机理及脱硫特性还处在研究阶段。文章采用热重分析仪对富钙生物油煅烧试验进行了研究,结果表明:富钙生物油的煅烧分为3个阶段,分别是部分生物油组分的分解阶段、有机羧酸钙盐快速分解阶段、碳酸钙分解阶段。有机酸钙盐分解阶段大量气体析出的气蚀作用是固体产物CaO孔隙特性明显优于石灰石煅烧产物的主要原因。热重分析仪及小型固定床反应器上脱硫试验表明,富钙生物油脱硫性能远优于石灰石,相同反应条件下,富钙生物油脱硫反应时间是石灰石的两倍,最终钙转化率也远高于石灰石。石灰石最佳脱硫反应温度为850℃,而富钙生物油最佳脱硫反应温度为900℃。     

炉内喷钙尾部增湿脱硫的影响因素探讨

炉内喷钙具有系统设备简单、投资少的特点,是适合我国国情的烟气脱硫技术,特别是对一批现有场地和资金不足的老机组来说是可以选择的重要方法之一。分析炉内喷钙活化增湿脱硫的影响因素,并探讨了炉内喷钙对锅炉温度、运行效率和电除尘器的产生的影响。     

Gas and liquid phase fuels desulphurization for hydrogen production via reforming processes

The present work focuses on the development of efficient desulphurization processes for multi-fuel reformers for hydrogen production. Two processes were studied: liquid hydrocarbon desulphurization and H₂S removal from reformate gases. For each process, materials with various chemical compositions and microporous structures were synthesized and characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties and desulphurization ability. In the case of liquid phase desulphurization, the adsorption of sulphur compounds contained in diesel fuel under ambient conditions was studied employing as sorbents, zeolite-based materials, i.e. NaY, HY and metal ion-exchanged NaY and HY, as well as a high-surface area activated carbon (AC), for three different diesel fuels with sulphur content varying between 5 and 180 ppmw. Among all sorbents studied, AC showed the best desulphurization performance followed by cerium ion-exchanged HY. The gas phase desulphurization experiments involved the evaluation of zinc-based mixed oxides, synthesized by non-conventional (combustion synthesis) techniques on high steam content reformate gas mixtures.