基于Licensed Assisted Access技术的退避算法设计与优化

随着无线宽带网络的发展,移动数据业务疯狂增长,频谱资源紧缺,为了扩充LTE容量,提高频谱利用率,LAA(Licensed Assisted Access)技术,即在非授权频段部署LTE网络,与其他无线接入技术(如Wi-Fi技术)融合共存的问题,逐渐成为研究焦点。因此,竞争机制中退避算法的设计成为关键。本文主要针对Wi-Fi与LAA共存的场景,基于LBT(Listen Before Talk)竞争机制,设计了三种退避算法,并在ns-3仿真平台上实现仿真,对比纯Wi-Fi环境下的性能表现,对退避算法进行合理的优化。     

5G非授权频段组网技术

随着移动通信业务需求的不断增长，授权频段的短缺日益明显，5G网络亦开始考虑在非授权频段的部署，即使用NR协议在非授权频段提供接入服务。5G非授权频段组网的主要挑战是在5G新技术特性下支持LBT机制，保障同已有非授权全频段系统（WLAN、LTE LAA等）的公平性，合理共享频谱。从LBT机制的演进入手，分析了LBT对5G非授权频段组网的影响，归纳了相关的标准化进展及挑战，并针对突出的关键技术问题提出可行的创新解决方案，保障5G非授权频段组网性能，最小化LBT失败带来的影响。     

LAA系统在非授权频段上的动态子帧配置策略

异构网络中动态TDD技术的应用可以有效提高系统吞吐量,改善系统性能.由于受到信令控制等问题的限制,授权频段上往往只是实现传统的7种固定子帧配比之间的动态切换.而非授权频段作为工作在授权频段上LTE系统的一个补充,不用考虑信令控制等问题,可以实现更加灵活的完全动态子帧配置.提出了两种非授权频段上的动态子帧配置算法,并与传统的静态子帧配置进行比较,通过LAA系统级仿真平台验证动态子帧配置算法对系统性能的影响.仿真表明,提出的两种动态子帧配置算法可以有效提升资源利用率,提高系统整体吞吐量.     

捕获效应对LTE授权辅助接入网络的影响

LTE授权辅助接入(LAA)和WiFi网络的共存性能已经被广泛研究。然而,这些工作忽略了捕获效应,即当两个以上的信号在相同信道上同时传输时,最强的信号仍然可能成功接收。这种现象在共存场景中可能比在WiFi网络中更频繁地发生。基于此,该文深入研究了LAA和WiFi网络在捕获效应下的共存性能。具体地,在共存场景中首先提出了两个以上信号的捕获模型,并推导出了捕获概率;然后,将LAA接入方案建模为具有捕获效应的新的2维离散马尔可夫模型,其中退避计数器的减少不仅取决于空闲的时隙,还取决于捕获效应发生的时隙;最后推导出共存性能的表达式。大量的仿真和数值结果验证了所提出的马尔可夫链和捕获模型的有效性。而且,仿真结果也证明了考虑捕获效应的必要性。     

LTE系统与2G、3G系统共站址共存问题分析

以LTE系统与GSM系统和UMTS系统共站址部署为共存场景,对2.6 GHz频段LTE系统与2G/3G系统的共存问题进行了分析,得到了相应的额外隔离度需求和工程隔离需求,给出了2.6 GHz频段LTE系统部署与2G、3G系统共站址时的天线隔离距离的初步建议。     

LTE-U与Wi-Fi异构网络下的公平共存方案

本文首先对LTE-U技术进行概述并对其在5GHz非授权频谱上与Wi-Fi进行对比,凸显其优势所在.同时表明与现有Wi-Fi技术共存问题是LTE-U发展的最大瓶颈,并提出三种解决方案,以使LTE-U突破共存瓶颈,在Wi-Fi和LTE-U网络公平共存场景下的,使得系统性能得到了进一步提升.     

3400～3600MHz频段移动通信系统和卫星系统共存分析

介绍了WRC-07大会为IMT系统新分配的3400～3600MHz频段的当前业务应用情况。为了加快在3400～3600MHz频段上部署移动通信系统的进程,本文分析了在上述频段上部署IMT-Advanced系统的利弊。同时,给出了主要应用业务固定卫星系统(FSS)和移动通信系统(IMT-Advanced)共存时的网络拓扑假设以及两个系统的共存仿真参数。通过仿真方法对两个系统共存的可能性进行了研究。在城市、郊区和乡村3种场景下,本文对FSS和IMT系统同频共存、邻频共存和间隔5MHz频段、间隔10MHz频段共存的4种情况下所需要的保护距离进行了研究。     

FDD LTE系统与TD LTE系统共存干扰研究

本文主要研究了同一地理区域中，FDD LTE系统与TD LTE系统在相邻频段下共存时由系统间干扰引起的系统性能损失，给出了在不同的基站位置偏移、载波频率和功控参数下的仿真结果。     

LTE和Wi-Fi网络的双时间尺度未授权频谱划分算法

根据Wi-Fi和LTE的频谱划分决策分别取决于全局信道状态信息(CSI)和局部CSI,提出了双时间尺度频谱划分算法,在较大时间尺度上根据全局CSI划分Wi-Fi频谱,在较小时间尺度上根据局部CSI划分LTE频谱。设计了自适应反馈补偿机制以提高双时间尺度算法的跟踪性能。此外,得到双时间尺度算法能够无差错地跟踪上均衡点的充分条件。仿真实验表明,双时间尺度算法能够以非常低的开销实现较好系统性能。     

3.5GHz频段LTE室内覆盖系统与卫星固定业务地球站同频共存分析

3.5GHz的频段规划需要研究LTE室内覆盖系统与卫星固定业务同频共存的场景。通过确定性分析以及系统仿真,本文给出了两系统共存所需的隔离距离和其他干扰规避措施建议。     

An adaptive LTE listen-before-talk scheme towards a fair coexistence with Wi-Fi in unlicensed spectrum

The technological growth combined with the exponential increase of wireless traffic are pushing the wireless community to investigate solutions to maximally exploit the available spectrum. Among the proposed solutions, the operation of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in the unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) has attracted significant attention. Recently, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project announced specifications that allow LTE to transmit in the unlicensed spectrum using a Listen Before Talk (LBT) procedure, respecting this way the regulator requirements worldwide. However, the proposed standards may cause coexistence issues between LTE and legacy Wi-Fi networks. In this article, it is discussed that a fair coexistence mechanism is needed to guarantee equal channel access opportunities for the co-located networks in a technology-agnostic way, taking into account potential traffic requirements. In order to enable harmonious coexistence and fair spectrum sharing among LTE-U and Wi-Fi, an adaptive LTE-U LBT scheme is presented. This scheme uses a variable LTE transmission opportunity (TXOP) followed by a variable muting period. This way, co-located Wi-Fi networks can exploit the muting period to gain access to the wireless medium. The scheme is studied and evaluated in different compelling scenarios using a simulation platform. The results show that by configuring the LTE-U with the appropriate TXOP and muting period values, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the coexistence among LTE-U and Wi-Fi in a fair manner. Finally, a preliminary algorithm is proposed on how the optimal configuration parameters can be selected towards harmonious and fair coexistence.     

Hybrid Channel Access Mechanism Based on Coexistence Scenario of NR-Unlicensed

With the rapid development of 5G NR(New Radio),the explosive increment of traffic amount is calling the utilization of unlicensed band.3GPP has proposed LAA(Licensed Assisted Access)to use LTE in unlicensed band and pointed out that NR-U(NR-Unlicensed)can reuse most designs of it.However,the existing channel access mechanism of LAA is conservative under the coexistence scenario of NR-U,which leads to the waste of time resource.To address the problem this paper proposes a hybrid channel access mechanism to take advantage of the LBT(Listen-Before-Talk)mechanism of LAA when channel is quite busy and transmit directly with reduced power when it is relatively idle.The channel busy degree is judged by a series of periodically updated adaptive thresholds.System-level simulation verifies that under the coexistence scenario of NR-U the proposed mechanism can achieve higher UPT(User Perceived Throughput)and lower delay than other channel access mechanisms.     

Joint resource allocation over licensed and unlicensed spectrum in U-LTE networks

Wireless Networks - By sharing unlicensed spectrum with Wi-Fi networks, unlicensed LTE (U-LTE) is one of the promising approaches to further improve LTE network throughput. However, the problem of...     

DM-CSAT: a LTE-U/Wi-Fi coexistence solution based on reinforcement learning

Recent literature demonstrated promising results of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) deployments over unlicensed bands when coexisting with Wi-Fi networks via the Duty-Cycle (DC) approach. However, it is known that performance in coexistence is strongly dependent on traffic patterns and on the duty-cycle ON–OFF rate of LTE. Most DC solutions rely on static coexistence parameters configuration, hence real-life performance in dynamically varying scenarios might be affected. Advanced reinforcement learning techniques may be used to adjust DC parameters towards efficient coexistence, and we propose a Q-learning Carrier-Sensing Adaptive Transmission mechanism which adapts LTE duty-cycle ON–OFF time ratio to the transmitted data rate, aiming at maximizing the Wi-Fi and LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) aggregated throughput. The problem is formulated as a Markov decision process, and the Q-learning solution for finding the best LTE-U ON–OFF time ratio is based on the Bellman’s equation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution for different traffic load scenarios using the ns-3 simulator. Results demonstrate the benefits from the adaptability to changing circumstances of the proposed method in terms of Wi-Fi/LTE aggregated throughput, as well as achieving a fair coexistence.

     

Quality of service-aware coexistence in unlicensed 5G new radio based on time-domain virtualization

The deployment of mobile systems is facing several challenges. Precisely, the lack of available licensed bands limits the network capacity, affecting the quality of service (QoS). Consequently, there has been significant interest in utilizing the unlicensed spectrum for mobile data traffic. 3GPP proposed and improved the coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band starting in Release 13 and the following releases, such as LTE-LAA and 5G NR-U. This will cause significant interference and drastically affects the Wi-Fi users' QoS. To that end, we propose the use of time-domain virtualization between 5G NR-U and Wi-Fi systems. In particular, a scheduling algorithm is proposed, where the sharing mechanism is allocated in time slots rather than allocating a subband frequency for each technology. 5G use cases have different QoS requirements and our proposed solution aims at meeting these requirements. Accordingly, the performance is evaluated by studying the impact of resource virtualization and the coexistence configuration. Simulation results confirm that the minimum rate and maximum delay constraints are met. Moreover, it is shown that resource virtualization improves the throughput in both technologies. Furthermore, the delay performance is displayed for both 5G NR-U and Wi-Fi to show any impact of time-sharing coexistence.     

Performance analysis of LTE-U coexistence network with WiFi using queueing model

The unforeseen mobile data explosion as well as the scarce of spectrum resource pose a major challenge to the performance of today's cellular networks which are in urgent need of novel solutions to handle such voluminous mobile data. Long term evolution-unlicensed (LTE-U), which extends the LTE standard operating on the unlicensed band, has been proposed to improve system throughput. In LTE-U system, arriving users will contend the unlicensed spectrum resource with wireless fidelity (WiFi) users to transmit data information. Nevertheless, there is no clear consensus as to the benefits of transmission using unlicensed bands for LTE users. To this end, in this paper an analytical model is presented based on a queue system to understand the performance achieved by unlicensed based LTE system taking quality of services (QoS) and LTE-U users' behaviors into account. To obtain the stead-state solutions of the queue system, a matrix geometric method is used to solve it. Then, the average delay and utilization of unlicensed band for the LTE-U users is derived by using the queuing model. The performance of LTE-U coexistence is evaluated with WiFi using the proposed model and provide some initial insights as to the advantage of LTE-U in practice.     

Modeling and performance analysis of unlicensed bands MAC strategy in multi-channel LTE-A networks with M2M/H2H coexistence

With the growing use of the machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and the unlicensed band by advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) networks, known as LTE unlicensed (LTE-U), demand for resource access strategy is rapidly increasing and has recently been attracting considerable attention of mobile operators. The requirement set by 3rd generation partnership project in the release 11 about LTE standards will allow LTE-U and other unlicensed band access technology to peacefully coexist and operate in the same unlicensed band. LTE-U supports not only the human-to-human (H2H) communication but also the M2M communication. In this paper, a new MAC protocol for LTE-U that allow friendly co-existence of H2H with M2M communications working in unlicensed bands is presented. The proposed MAC mechanisms is designed to ensure an efficient and fair channel access as well as enabling better H2H/M2M coexistence. The throughput performance of both H2H and M2M systems is evaluated analytically and by simulation. The impact of H2H/M2M transmissions periods and spectrum sensing time on the throughput performance of H2H and M2M systems are also studied.     

SBT (Sense Before Transmit) Based LTE Licenced Assisted Access for 5 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum

Utilization of unlicensed spectrum under licensed assisted access ensuring fair co-existence with Wi-Fi networks is a good solution to address immense usage of mobile data. Radio communication operation of LTE in unlicensed frequency band is referred as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) or LTE-licensed assisted access. In this paper, we consider a HGNW in which coverage area of Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)’s Access Point is integrated within the LTE-U small base station’s cellular network coverage area. To overcome the disadvantages of existing LTE-U technics like carrier sense adaptive transmission and listen before talk, we proposed a new methodology i.e., sense before transmit in this paper by adopting a transmit power control mechanisms using reciprocity theorem based on the channel state information to assign the secondary carriers in the uplink as well as in the downlink directions in the unlicensed spectrum to carry the traffic. In our proposal, LTE-U users are allowed to use the unlicensed spectrum provided that the interference produced at Wi-Fi users due to LTE-U activities is remained below a certain threshold. We evaluated the performance of proposed network model in terms of outage probability and achievable throughputs.

     

Unlicensed cognitive sharing of TV spectrum: the controversy at the Federal Communications Commission

As societies become increasingly mobile and more dependent on information technologies, their radio spectrum also needs change. The basic spectrum management structure in all countries was developed over a long period, and much of the basic framework has remained stable for decades. The FCC is interested in making more spectrum available to unlicensed devices because of the explosive growth of IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi unlicensed wireless LAN technology, and because the FCC recognizes that there is a great deal of "white space" that could be exploited by unlicensed devices. The FCC proposal selected the TV bands as an initial home for cognitive radio based on several factors. First, the frequencies used for TV can give greater range in rural areas than the microwave frequencies used for Wi-Fi, and can also give better building penetration than Wi-Fi in all areas. Second, TV broadcast systems usually use high antennas, and the intended receivers need greater than 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to function. A variety of controversial issues have emerged from public comments. One concern is that the confusion resulting from the proposal might discourage purchase of new digital televisions and hence delay the transition from analog to digital televisions. This would also delay the transfer of some current TV spectrum to new mobile uses, including public safety.