角域AR谱技术在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

利用时频分布平面内信号能量峰脊与瞬时频率之间的对应关系,对信号瞬时频率进行估计;在此基础上利用代数方法求解鉴相时标积分方程,并对经插值重采样得到的角域信号进角域平均处理,提高了角域信号的信噪比;最后对角域信号进行AR建模实现信号的阶次谱分析。实际测试结果表明:采用角域AR谱技术处理齿轮箱非平稳振动信号,能够有效地避免传统频谱方法无法解决的"频率模糊"现象,克服了传统阶次谱分辨率较低,谱线毛糙,易受噪声及轴频调制影响等缺点,对齿轮箱的早期故障有较好的识别能力。     

基于信息融合和广义循环互相关熵的电机轴承故障诊断

针对传统基于单路振动信号的故障识别可靠性较差和传统谱相关方法难以有效处理非高斯噪声的问题,该研究提出了一种基于多传感器振动信号信息融合和广义循环互相关熵谱的轴承故障诊断方法.首先推导了广义互相关熵、广义循环互相关熵和广义循环互相关熵谱密度的计算公式;然后给出了电机轴承故障诊断步骤;再利用轴承外圈故障仿真信号,分析了轴承...     

基于循环统计量分析方法的我国干线轨道谱研究

轮轨相互作用产生的振动信号 ,二阶统计特性呈现周期性 ,是循环平稳信号。本文利用循环平稳统计理论 ,分析了二阶统计量循环自相关函数和循环谱密度的特性 ,将其应用于轨道谱特性的研究 ,并与传统方法进行比较 ,显示其在轨道谱数据处理中的优越性。     

一种基于广义互相关的水声直扩信号检测方法

直扩信号因其低功率谱密度特性使得检测十分困难,针对传统自相关法在低信噪比条件下检测性能急剧下降的问题,在分析了直扩信号自相关特性的前提下,提出一种基于广义互相关估计的直扩信号检测方法.首先对接收信号分段并对相邻信号段分别进行广义互相关估计,估计结果采用二阶矩非相干积累,提取相关峰获得检测统计量,将检测统计量与门限比较,...     

一种有效实现弱平稳随机信号完整功率谱估计的方法

为解决某些振动信号中含有微弱频率难分辨的问题,本文采用现代信号处理的小波分析和MUSIC(多重信号分类)谱估计,提出了一种新的实现弱平稳随机信号完整功率谱估计的方法。该方法将弱平稳随机信号利用小波分解与重构得到各频段的细化信号,再将经MUSIC谱估计后的细化功率谱融合,得到具有较高分辨率的完整弱平稳随机信号功率谱。     

基于循环统计量分析方法的我国干线轨道谱研究

轮轨相互作用产生的振动信号，二阶统计特性呈现周期性，是循环平稳信号，本文利用循环平稳统计理论，分析了二阶统计量循环自相关函数和循环谱密度的特性，将其应用于轨道谱特性的研究，并与传统的方法进行比较，显示其在轨道谱数据处理中的优越性。     

一种分析循环平稳声场的近场声全息方法

提出循环平稳近场声全息技术,克服了以往近场声全息技术在分析循环平稳声场时的局限性.以往近场声全息技术将此类声场信号处理为平稳信号,抹杀了其统计参数随时间周期变化的非平稳特性,导致其全息图无法有效地表现声源特性.本技术以谱相关密度函数取代声压谱成分作为重建物理量.由于谱相关密度函数可以提取出循环平稳信号的二阶时变统计量的周期特性,并对循环平稳信号进行解调处理,使得该技术的全息图上不会因为边频带的存在出现虚假能量.实验研究表明,本技术可以更准确地提取循环平稳声场的信息.     

调幅信号谱相关密度分析中白噪声影响的研究

重点研究了加性高斯白噪声对调幅信号谱相关密度分析结果的影响。平稳信号的谱相关密度仅存在于频率轴上，但是由于谱相关密度分析为非线性二次变换，信号和噪声的交叉项也将干扰分析结果。本文通过对加性高斯白噪声干扰的调幅信号的理论分析，得到了加性噪声干扰在谱相关密度双频率平面上的分布特点，总结了该类型循环平稳信号谱相关密度图的分布规律，最后利用仿真信号验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于循环谱分析的鲁棒性滚动轴承故障特征提取方法EI北大核心CSCD

循环平稳分析是滚动轴承故障特征提取的重要方法之一,但在用于滚动轴承故障特征提取时,存在因干扰成分较强而不能有效提取轴承故障特征的问题。为能在干扰环境中有效提取滚动轴承故障信息,基于循环谱分析提出一种鲁棒性滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。首先通过离散随机分离(discrete random separation,DRS)分析分离信号中的周期分量,提取其随机分量;随后用Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,TEO)提取随机分量的振动能量序列;再对该序列进行快速谱相关(fast spectral correlation,Fast-SC)分析,采用基于能量熵的能量差异系数评价各循环频率(阶次)切片的能量强度;最终经熵加权降低无关干扰成分影响以有效提取故障特征。通过传统的快速谱峭度、快速谱相关和基于总变差去噪的快速谱相关分析方法与该方法对美国智能维护系统中心的滚动轴承振动数据以及实测齿轮箱复合故障试验信号进行对比分析,验证了该方法在滚动轴承故障诊断应用中的优势。     

基于集成阶频谱相关的滚动轴承故障特征提取

变转速工况下,传统的循环平稳方法不能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征,提出基于集成阶频谱相关的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。通过研究角度/时间循环平稳理论,指出阶频谱相关可以有效提取变转速下滚动轴承故障特征,应用循环调制谱实现离散信号的阶频谱相关估计,在此基础上计算信号的集成阶频谱相关,提取轴承故障特征阶次。对仿真和实验数据分析表明:集成阶频谱相关不仅可以有效提取变转速工况下滚动轴承故障特征,且较之阶频谱相关,具有更加清晰直观的表达效果。     

基于双树复小波包峭度图的轴承故障诊断研究

针对传统包络谱和峭度图分析技术的缺陷,提出了一种基于双树复小波包峭度图的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了双树复小波包变换和峭度图分析技术,克服了原峭度图方法只采用FIR和短时傅立叶变换滤波器的缺点,提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力。首先利用双树复小波包变换,将振动信号分解成不同频带的分量,然后计算各小波分量的谱峭度,再利用谱峭度的滤波器作用,计算最大峭度值对应分量信号的包络谱,根据包络谱就可识别齿轮箱轴承的故障部位和类型。齿轮箱轴承故障振动实验信号的研究结果表明：该方法不仅提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且能有效地识别轴承的故障。     

Multiple target detection using split spectrum processing and groupdelay moving entropy

The split spectrum processing technique obtains a frequency-diverse ensemble of narrow-band signals through a filterbank then recombines them nonlinearly to improve target visibility. Although split spectrum processing is an effective method for suppressing grain noise in ultrasonic nondestructive testing, its application was mainly limited to the detection of single targets or multiple targets having similar spectral characteristics. In this paper, the group delay moving entropy technique is introduced primarily to enhance the performance of split spectrum processing in detecting multiple targets which exhibit different spectral characteristics (i.e., variations in target signal center frequency and bandwidth). This is likely to occur in complex, dispersive, and nonhomogeneous media such as composites, layered, and clad materials, etc. The analysis shows that the group delay moving entropy method can be used effectively to select the optimal frequency region for split spectrum processing when detecting such targets. Based on an iterative procedure that combines group delay moving entropy and split spectrum processing, multiple targets can be identified one at a time, and subsequently eliminated by using time domain windows. The removal of the dominant target improves the detection of the remaining weaker targets. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the feasibility of the multistep split spectrum processing technique for detecting multiple targets in such materials     

AR模型在爆破震动信号频谱分析中的应用

爆破震动信号的频谱分析以傅氏变换为基础的经典谱估计方法为主,该方法存在方差性能差、易产生虚假峰值、谱曲线起伏大等缺点。AR模型谱估计方法计算精确度高、且简单,并能弥补经典谱估计在信号分析中的不足。采用经典、AR模型谱估计方法对不同类型的工程实测爆破震动信号进行频谱分析,其中以AR模型谱估计方法得到爆破震动信号的频谱曲线平滑、方差小、主频明确,且主频附近无虚假峰值,表明AR模型现代谱估计比经典谱估计在爆破震动信号的频谱分析中更具优越性。     

Signal detection and noise suppression using a wavelet transform signal processor: application to ultrasonic flaw detection

The utilization of signal processing techniques in nondestructive testing, especially in ultrasonics, is widespread. Signal averaging, matched filtering, frequency spectrum analysis, neural nets, and autoregressive analysis have all been used to analyze ultrasonic signals. The Wavelet Transform (WT) is the most recent technique for processing signals with time-varying spectra. Interest in wavelets and their potential applications has resulted in an explosion of papers; some have called the wavelets the most significant mathematical event of the past decade. In this work, the Wavelet Transform is utilized to improve ultrasonic flaw detection in noisy signals as an alternative to the Split-Spectrum Processing (SSP) technique. In SSP, the frequency spectrum of the signal is split using overlapping Gaussian passband filters with different central frequencies and fixed absolute bandwidth. A similar approach is utilized in the WT, but in this case the relative bandwidth is constant, resulting in a filter bank with a self-adjusting window structure that can display the temporal variation of the signal's spectral components with varying resolutions. This property of the WT is extremely useful for detecting flaw echoes embedded in background noise. The detection of ultrasonic pulses using the wavelet transform is described and numerical results show good detection even for signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of -15 dB. The improvement in detection was experimentally verified using steel samples with simulated flaws.     

汽车座椅电动滑轨的振动信号分析与特征提取

从汽车座椅电动滑轨产品检测得到的振动信号中提取影响产品舒适性的特征信号,并以其对应的功率密度作为产品质量评判的标准之一。利用二阶循环统计量循环谱密度函数的解调特性,对产品振动信号的循环谱密度函数切片图进行分析,得到隐含在其中的特征调制信号,并根据影响人体舒适感的频率范围找出缺陷频率点。依据缺陷频率点的功率密度,可以很好的评价产品的性能。     

基于EMD与谱峭度的滚动轴承故障检测改进包络谱分析

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的调制特征和传统包络分析法的缺陷,提出一种基于经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD)和谱峭度(Spectrum Kurtosis,简称SK)的改进包络谱滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先对滚动轴承故障振动信号进行经验模式分解,将其分解为多个固有模式函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF)之和,然后对各IMF分量傅里叶变换后取其绝对值,并计算其谱绝对值平方包络,在此基础上再计算不同频带IMF分量谱平方包络的峭度,最后利用谱峭度的滤波器作用,选取由轴承缺陷所引起的共振频率所在频带的IMF分量,自动构建最佳包络来进行故障诊断。将该方法应用到滚动轴承内圈缺陷的仿真故障数据和实际数据中,分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Robust audio watermarking using frequency-selective spread spectrum

A novel audio watermarking scheme based on frequency-selective spread spectrum (FSSS) technique is presented. Unlike most of the existing spread spectrum (SS) watermarking schemes that use the entire audible frequency range for watermark embedding, the proposed scheme randomly selects subband(s) signal(s) of the host audio signal for watermark embedding. The proposed FSSS scheme provides a natural mechanism to exploit the band-dependent frequency-masking characteristics of the human auditory system to ensure the fidelity of the host audio signal and the robustness of the embedded information. Key attributes of the proposed scheme include reduced host interference in watermark detection, better fidelity, secure embedding and improved multiple watermark embedding capability. To detect the embedded watermark, two blind watermark detection methods are examined, one based on normalised correlation and the other based on estimation correlation. Extensive simulation results are presented to analyse the performance of the proposed scheme for various signal manipulations and standard benchmark attacks. A comparison with the existing fullband SS-based schemes is also provided to show the improved performance of the proposed scheme.     

基于分数阶功率谱熵的未知水声脉冲信号检测方法

水声侦察的核心问题是在无先验知识条件下捕获其他平台发射的脉冲信号,单频（Continuous Wave,CW）信号和调频（Frequency Modulation,FM）信号是常用的水声探测脉冲。功率谱熵算法能有效检测低信噪比的CW信号,但对FM信号性能不佳,分数阶傅里叶变换（Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT）则能聚集FM信号能量。利用FRFT的性质,结合功率谱熵算法,设计了分数阶功率谱熵检测器,可在分数阶域实施未知脉冲信号检测。理论分析了FRFT对FM信号的能量聚集作用,优化了FRFT阶数搜索方法。仿真实验以及海试数据处理结果证实检测器对FM信号性能良好,且对CW信号的侦察检测性能无影响。通过门限学习,检测器可实现对未知水声脉冲信号的统一自动检测。     

全矢小波包-包络分析方法及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

在旋转机械故障诊断中,针对传统单源信息采集的不全面性,提出了一种基于全矢谱技术的小波包-包络分析方法。首先对同源双通道信息分别采用小波包分解,根据需要选择频段的信息,并对提取的信号进行重构。然后采用全矢Hilbert解调分析方法对重构信号实现包络解调,并与两单源信息的包络解调相比较,说明了仅以单源信息为诊断依据的不足。利用全矢谱技术进行融合的全矢小波包-包络解调技术,不仅继承了小波包-包络分析方法的优势,而且更加全面地反映出了信号的真实性。最后通过仿真信号对其算法的可行性进行了验证,同时又以齿轮的故障振动信号为例,进一步表明了该方法在故障诊断中的有效性。