钢材打捆机控制系统智能化技术的研究

钢材打捆机是一种用于轧钢精整工艺的新型自动化设备，其控制系统基于SiemensS7 PLC和TP7触摸屏。系统的智能化技术主要包括：液压高低压自动控制、在线监视、离线故障检测、多台设备协同工作、可视化人机交互技术。本文描述了这些技术的原理与实现方法。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Calculation of thermodynamic properties of metastable phases of the elements

A chemical bonding model that provides a method of predicting thermodynamic properties of metastable structures of the solid elements is presented. The method involves a Born-Haber-type cycle to calculate the difference in bonding energies between the room temperature stable structures and metastable structures. To carry out the calculations, spectroscopic data are used to determine the promotion energies from the ground state of the gaseous atom to the valence state corresponding to each structure. Such data are available for most elements, but in cases where experimental data are lacking, they are derived using predictive models. Combinations of promotion energies and heats of sublimation are used to determine bonding enthalpies. The contribution of the outer-shell s and p-electrons and the inner-shell d and f electrons to the bonding energies are considered taking into account the crystal field effect upon the bonding abilities of different d and f orbitals This paper was presented at the Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria of Metastable Phases Symposium at the Spring TMS Meeting, March 1-4, 1992, in San Diego. The symposium was organized by Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Ricardo Schwarz,Los Alamos National Laboratory.     

高等教育国际化与中国高等教育施化力培育

本文从化层、化型、化向与化力等方面考察高等教育国际化的应然本质属性 ,描述与分析中国高等教育在国际化潮流中表现出的发展态势 ,针对种种态势提出中国高等教育核心施化力培育战略 ,以使中国高等教育乃至世界高等教育真正地走向国际化     

飞机水平安定面后梁中段裂纹原因分析

在使用过程中,飞机水平安定面后梁中段出现裂纹。通过宏微观形貌观察、微区成分分析、金相检查和硬度测试,确定了水平安定面后梁中段的裂纹性质及失效原因。结果表明:后梁中段裂纹性质为剥层腐蚀裂纹,水平安定面后梁中段铆钉区腹板与后梁下缘条之间以及凸台与机身之间发生磨损导致剥层腐蚀裂纹。建议水平安定面后梁中段铆钉区腹板与后梁下缘条之间以及凸台与机身之间连接增加垫片,防止直接接触,并且对材料进行表面防护。     

铸件充型数值模拟的研究进展

铸造过程计算机数值模拟技术是当今材料科学的重要前沿领域。本文从铸件充型数值模拟的发展过程、软件的开发状况、计算方法及验证方法等四个方面介绍了国内外铸件充型过程计算机数值模拟的概况。     

基于事例推理技术在夹具CAD中应用的研究

通过对夹具在机械加工设备中的作用，夹具的设计过程，现代计算机辅助设计技术在夹具设计中的应用和事例推理技术的分析，提出了基于事例推理（CBR）技术的夹具半智能化设计系统的总体设计和夹具结构设计方案。     

船体厚板高效气电立焊焊接技术的研究

针对集装箱船设计与建造关键技术研究的厚板焊接技术焊接状况，研制开发高效气电立焊焊接技术及自动化焊接设备，实现了EH36级δ=60mm厚板立缝的一次焊接成形技术，对提高我国集装箱船设计与建造及各种铜结构厚板焊接制造施工工艺．提高焊接质量和生产率，减轻工人劳动强度具有重要意义．     

Effect of silicon and of inoculation of the melt on the stability of austenite in cooling of chromium-nickel cast iron

The effect of silicon and of inoculation of the melt on the stability of austenite during cooling of chromium-nickel iron with different forms of graphite and on its mechanical and operating properties is investigated. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 15–17, July, 2006.     

钢的离子氧硫氮三元共渗

本文阐述了用NH_3和SO_2作气源进行离子O-S-N三元共渗试验。采用Cr12MoV和W18Cr4V钢试样,通过金相检验、显微硬度测定、X射线衍射相结构等分析以及耐磨试验,初步研究了气源成分比例、共渗温度、时间对渗层的影响。试验结果表明,经离子O-S-N三元共渗后可获得由氮化物、硫化物和氧化物组成的既具有高硬度又具有良好减磨性能的复合渗层,显示出比离子氮化更优越的耐磨性。     

Analysis of microporous structure of carbon adsorbents in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores

A methodology of using the theory of filling the volume of micropores when evaluating the porous structure of carbon nanomaterials and adsorbents, as well as describing the adsorption of different species, is considered. Potentialities of the mathematical means of a theory of filling the volume of micropores when differentiating homogeneous and irregular microporous structure of activated carbon, determining the micropores’ parameters (their volume and size), evaluating the degree of heterogeneity of microporous structures, and describing adsorption over wide concentration range are analyzed. The perspectives of this approach, based on the theory of filling the volume of micropores, in the prognosis of the microporous structures’ parameters and the activated carbons’ adsorbability in the process of their synthesis are demonstrated. Original Russian Text ? G.A. Petukhova, 2008, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 170–176.     

On the problem of intensification of nitriding of titanium alloys

Ways of intensifying the process of nitriding titanium alloys in molecular nitrogen are considered. It is shown that by diminishing the partial pressure of nitrogen, changing the thermokinetic parameters of the saturation, using elements of vacuum technology, and allowing for the original structure and texture of titanium alloys, the process of their nitriding can be intensified with elimination of the negative aspects of high-temperature saturation. The obtained nitrided layers are analyzed from the standpoint of their functional properties. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 9–12, June, 1999.     

棒材轧制中头尾尺寸缺陷的消除

针对陕西龙门钢铁集团有限责任公司西安轧钢厂半连续棒材线生产过程中出现的头尾尺寸缺陷问 题,从工艺、机械、电气、操作四方面进行了分析,并通过改进精轧K3、K5孔型和导卫系统,增加精轧4#活套,改造自动化和传动系统,解决了大头大尾或无纵筋的问题,提高了成材率。     

履带拖拉机再制造工程的质量体系及效益分析

阐述了农用履带式拖拉机再制造工程的可行性和前景。介绍了农用履带拖拉机实施再制造的工艺流程及质量保证体系。分析了农用履带拖拉机实施再制造的经济效益和社会效益。提出了推动农用拖拉机再制造应当解决的问题。通过对128台旧拖拉机的统计，可以直接再使用的零件和可以用新工艺、新技术修复和改造的零件占全车零件总数的60．72％，占全车重量的61．55％，占全车总价值的60．76％。而再制造拖拉机的售价仅为新机的50％－60％，寿命接近新机的80％。说明了实施拖拉机 再制造工程在节约钢材、能源，保护环境等方面的重要作用。     

钢管穿孔机主减速机振动分析

宝山钢铁股份有限公司钢管分公司的穿孔机下辊主减速机在大定修前,减速机轴和下辊大电机的振动情况严重,诊断部门对该减速机进行了测振分析,结合对电机振动、减速机振动的频谱分析和对轴承的故障频率成分分析,找出了主减速机振动的原因是轴承损伤。该分析结果与解体检查的结果相一致。     

Question of the mechanism of formation of the damping condition of high-chromium ferritic steels

Conclusions Damping in high-chromium ferritic steels is formed primarily as the result of magnetoelastic dispersion of energy, the level of which is determined by the character of interaction of the magnetic domain boundaries moving in the field of applied cyclic stresses with some subsystems of stoppers, defects of the crystalline structure. The maximum in damping capacity of Kh16, Kh16M4, and Kh25 steels is observed after annealing at 900–1000°C and is the result of superposition of individual oppositely acting on the magnetic constituent of damping contributions during evolution of structural defects under different temperature-time actions. An analysis of the contribution of different crystalline lattice defects makes it possible to predict the path of formation of the controlled level of vibration absorbing properties of high-chromium steels. The high-damping condition is characterized by a low level of internal stresses, moderate values of coercive force, and non-linearity of the elastic properties under the action of external stresses. The damping capacity after annealing in the temperature area of stratification of high-chromium ferrite and appearance of 475°-brittleness is determined by the action of two primary tendencies, the reduction of internal stresses as the result of ecomposition of the supersaturated solid solution of interstitial impurities and the subsequent increase in them as the result of stratification of high-chromium ferrite and formation of zones enriched with chromium.Moscow Institute of the Physics of Metals. Kharkov State University. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 9, pp. 29–34, September, 1993.     

电沉积纳米晶合金的最新进展

用电沉积法制备纳米合金是近期研究及发展起来的新技术.综述和讨论了过去10年来电沉积纳米合金的制取方法、特性和应用.目前,电沉积纳米合金技术已经从实验室研究发展成为经济实用的纳米材料工艺.由于纳米合金具有很多优异的性能,包括高的硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性、电磁性、光学性及抗高温氧化性等,并初步应用于生产,已受到人们的极大关注.     

攀钢冷轧厂轧机乳化液系统改造

攀钢集团攀钢钢钒有限公司冷轧厂针对机组改造后产能大幅度提高而引起的原有轧机乳化液系统润滑能力和过滤能力不足的问题,对乳化液系统及其相关设备进行了改造,介绍了具体的设备、电气和自动化系统的改造内容。     

起落架调节接头开裂及安全评估方法分析

飞机在经历约1 000个起落后的大修时,磁粉检测发现约60%的起落架调节接头存在开裂现象。通过断口宏观观察、微观观察、硬度检测和组织分析,确定起落架调节接头开裂性质为疲劳开裂,开裂原因主要与调节接头转接处安全裕度不足有关。调节接头为寿命件,试验件存在90%以上的疲劳扩展区域,说明调节接头具有较强的抗裂纹扩展能力。基于损伤容限设计和断裂力学对起落架接头寿命反推方法进行分析和阐述,通过反推方法的实施可实现对带裂纹接头的安全使用性以及可维修性进行评价。     

Study of the possibility of liquid boriding of high-speed steels

Conclusions A beneficial effect of boriding may be expected only on a tool which is made of steel having a hardening temperature not above 1080°C and the technical specifications of which do not have a ground shape, e.g., dies made of steel 9KhS, taps and reamers made of steel U12, and also forged tools made of steel Kh12.For high-speed steels it is apparently only possible to subject those tool to boriding for which red hardness is not obligatory (e.g., certain components of special bearings) of fusion of the cutting edge is acceptable (e.g., certain types of cutters). For the rest of the objects made of high-speed steels boriding is unsuitable.All-Union Scientific-Research Tool Institute (VNII). Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 30–32, November, 1982.