高性能T800碳纤维复合材料树脂基体

在分析T800 碳纤维表面上胶剂的基础上, 系统研究了适用于制备高性能T800 碳纤维复合材料的树脂基体, 测试了树脂浇注体及其复合材料的力学性能和热机械性能, 研究了树脂基体对T800 碳纤维复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明, T800 碳纤维表面上胶剂中酯基含量较高, 与缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂有良好的界面相容性, 经复配和优化的树脂体系其T800 碳纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度达到138 MPa , NOL 环拉伸强度达到2530MPa , 玻璃化温度( Tg ) 达到213 ℃, 具有优异的界面性能和耐热性能。      

建筑用碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其性能研究

选择以T700碳纤维为增强相，将碳纤维经浓HNO₃浸渍处理0,40,80,120和160 min后掺入到环氧树脂中，制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。分析了浸渍时间对复合材料微观形貌、力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，经浓HNO₃浸渍的碳纤维表面粗糙度增大，沟槽数量和深度增加，碳纤维和环氧树脂的结合强度增大；随碳纤维浸渍时间的增大，复合材料的界面剪切强度、层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均先增大后减小，当浸渍时间为120 min时，复合材料的界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度均达到了最大值，分别为80.2和90.3 MPa,其弯曲强度和弯曲模量也达到了最大值，分别为902.6 MPa和79.3 GPa,且应力-应变最高点增大，弯曲性能提高；在800℃下浓HNO₃浸渍处理120 min的复合材料的残炭率最大为58.2%,热稳定性最佳。     

高能辐照下环氧树脂对腰形碳纤维的表面改性

利用高能射线共辐照接枝,在环氧树脂/丙酮溶液中对腰形截面碳纤维表面进行了处理.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了纤维的表面及复合材料断口形貌的变化;利用浸润性测试方法分析了纤维表面能的变化;采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)方法分析了纤维表面化学元素及官能团的组成;通过层间剪切强度(ILSS)表征了纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能.结果表明,处理后碳纤维表面沟槽变深,氧元素和碳元素百分含量比(O/C)提高,表面能极性分量增加,ILSS最大可提高18.3%,达到91.3MPa.     

几种国产高模碳纤维特性实验分析

采用SEM、金相显微镜、AFM、XPS、XRD表征了3种国产（CCM40J,CCM40,CCM46J）和1种进口（东丽M40JB）高模碳纤维的表面特性及结晶结构,并对高模碳纤维与环氧树脂的微观界面及复丝力学性能进行了研究。结果发现:高模碳纤维的表面都存在明显沟槽,但表面粗糙度差异不大,均有圆形、腰果形、椭圆形等截面形状;表面主要含C、O、N、Si 4种元素,M40JB的O/C比和活性碳原子含量都高于国产高模碳纤维;按M40JB、CCM40J、CCM40、CCM46J的顺序,石墨微晶尺寸越来越大,石墨化程度增高,M40JB的取向度最小,CCM46J的取向度最大,而CCM40J与CCM40的取向度相近;表面能大小顺序为M40JB > CCM40 > CCM46J > CCM40J,80 ℃时与环氧树脂E51、固化剂4,4'-二氨基二苯砜（DDS）的树脂体系E51-DDS和4,4'- 二氨基二苯甲烷环氧树脂（AG80）、固化剂DDS的树脂体系AG80-DDS的动态接触角均在35°~50°之间,说明浸润性良好;CCM46J与E51-DDS的界面剪切强度（IFSS）最高,M40JB与AG80-DDS的界面剪切强度最高;国产3种高模碳纤维复丝的拉伸强度和拉伸模量都高于M40JB,其中CCM40J的拉伸强度最高,CCM46J的拉伸模量最高;所测高模碳纤维复丝的压缩强度能达到各自拉伸强度的44%~53%,CCM46J复丝的压缩强度最高。      

激光改性纤维对其增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

利用激光对玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和碳纤维进行表面改性后,以环氧树脂为基体,分别制备三种纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。利用SEM和万能试验机对表面改性前后的碳纤维形态、力学性能及三种纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能和断面形貌进行表征,研究了纤维激光表面改性对三种纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:激光表面改性对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能提升最高,其拉伸强度最大提高了77.06%,冲击强度最大提高了31.25%,玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能提升次之,而玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能有所下降。因此,激光进行表面改性适用于碳纤维和玄武岩纤维。     

硅溶胶改性处理对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅溶胶对碳纤维进行表面改性,观测了环氧树脂液滴在单向排列碳纤维集束表面的铺展过程;以环氧树脂为基体制备单向排列的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了硅溶胶改性处理碳纤维对其拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:碳纤维经过硅溶胶改性处理后,Si—o—Si,-NH₂等极性官能团的引入改善了环氧树脂对其的浸润性能,从而改善了碳纤维与环氧树脂间的界面粘结性能,使碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的横向拉伸强度显著改善,但纵向拉伸强度影响不大;与未经过表面处理的复合材料相比,经过硅溶胶改性处理的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料其横向拉伸强度提高了62.74%;与用硝酸处理的碳纤维制备的复合材料相比,用硝酸处理后再用硅溶胶处理的碳纤维所制备的复合材料,其横向拉伸强度提高了35.27%。     

HKT800碳纤维微观结构与性能

为深入剖析国产HKT800碳纤维的微观结构和性能,用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射仪、压汞仪等对HKT800碳纤维进行了表征,并与东丽T800碳纤维进行了对比分析,结果表明:HKT800碳纤维的表面带有沟槽,少量碳纤维截面呈腰果形,不同于T800碳纤维,且表面粗糙度较大;HKT800碳纤维拉曼测试ID/IG比值为1.07,表面微晶尺寸较小;2种碳纤维层间距均为0.347 nm,孔隙率均为17.4%,比较一致,但HKT800碳纤维堆叠尺寸、取向度略高于T800碳纤维,而微孔偏离碳纤维轴取向程度、微孔长度、微孔横截面平均切割线长度均略低于T800碳纤维,HKT800碳纤维中微孔尺寸、数量的分布也不同于T800碳纤维.     

T800H碳纤维表面特性及T800H/BA9918复合材料湿热性能研究

为了研究T800H碳纤维的表面特性及其与BA9918树脂的界面匹配性,分别采用SEM、AFM、XPS和TGA对T800H碳纤维表面形貌、表面化学特性以及碳纤维上浆剂热稳定性进行表征,测试了T800H/BA9918复合材料湿热处理前后0°压缩强度、90°拉伸强度和层间剪切强度,并得到了其在湿热处理前后的开孔压缩和冲击后压缩性能.测试发现T800H碳纤维表面有明显的沟槽,有利于表面机械啮合作用;T800H/BA9918复合材料经29 J能量冲击后压缩强度为314 MPa;在130℃湿态环境下其0°压缩强度和层间剪切强度保持率高于58%,开孔压缩强度保持率高于60%.试验结果证明T800H碳纤维与BA9918树脂具有良好的界面匹配性,T800H/BA9918复合材料具有优异的耐湿热性能.     

阴离子型水性环氧树脂制备及其应用性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过己二酸与环氧树脂反应,并用KOH中和制备的阴离子型水性环氧树脂(AAEK)具有良好的亲水性,可作为碳纤维上浆剂对碳纤维表面进行修饰,将处理后的碳纤维与环氧树脂复合制备成碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。利用红外、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、吸附实验、万能材料试验机对AAEK改性后的碳纤维和AAEK改性后的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料进行表征和测试。结果表明,AAEK的最佳上浆质量分数和吸附量为1.0%和3 mg/g;AAEK处理后的短丝碳纤维在环氧树脂中的分散性得到明显改善;AAEK在碳纤维表面的吸附是介于单分子层和多分子层之间的吸附过程,符合Freundlich吸附等温模型;AAEK处理后的碳纤维单丝断裂强度有少量增加;AAEK改性后的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度(ILSS)相比于改性前分别提高了168%和139%。     

阴离子型水性环氧树脂制备及其应用性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过己二酸与环氧树脂反应,并用KOH中和制备的阴离子型水性环氧树脂(AAEK)具有良好的亲水性,可作为碳纤维上浆剂对碳纤维表面进行修饰,将处理后的碳纤维与环氧树脂复合制备成碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。利用红外、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、吸附实验、万能材料试验机对AAEK改性后的碳纤维和AAEK改性后的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料进行表征和测试。结果表明,AAEK的最佳上浆质量分数和吸附量为1.0%和3 mg/g;AAEK处理后的短丝碳纤维在环氧树脂中的分散性得到明显改善;AAEK在碳纤维表面的吸附是介于单分子层和多分子层之间的吸附过程,符合Freundlich吸附等温模型;AAEK处理后的碳纤维单丝断裂强度有少量增加;AAEK改性后的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度(ILSS)相比于改性前分别提高了168%和139%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.