Metal magnetic memory signals from surface of low-carbon steel and low-carbon alloyed steel

In order to investigate the regularity of metal magnetic signals of ferromagnetic materials under the effect of applied load, the static tensile test of Q235 steel and 18CrNiWA steel plate specimens were conducted and metal magnetic memory signals of specimens were measured during the test process. The influencing factors of metal magnetic memory signals and the relationship between axial applied load and signals were analyzed. The fracture and microstructure of the specimens were observed. The results show that the magnetic signals corresponding to the measured points change linearly approximately with increasing axial load. The microstructure of Q235 steel is ferrite and perlite, whereas that of 18CrNiWA steel is bainite and low-carbon martensite. The fracture of these two kinds of specimens is ductile rupture; carbon content of specimen materials and dislocation glide give much contribution to the characteristics of magnetic curves.     

Metal magnetic memory testing for early damage assessment in ferromagnetic materials

In order to investigate the physical mechanism of metal magnetic memory testing, both the influences of earth magnetic field and applied stress on magnetic domain structure were discussed. Static tension and fatigue tests for low carbon steel plate specimens were carried out on hydraulic servo testing machine of MTS810 type and magnetic signals were measured during the processes by the type of EMS-2003 instrument. The results indicate that the initial magnetic signals of specimens are different before loading. The magnetic signals curves are transformed from initial random to regular pattern due to the effect of two types of loads. However, the shape and distribution of magnetic signal curves in the elastic region are different from that of plastic region in tension test. While in fatigue test those magnetic signals curves corresponding to different cycles are similar. The Hp (y) value of magnetic signals on the fracture zone increases dramatically at the breaking transient time and positive-negative magnetic poles occur on the two parts of fracture zone.     

氢蚀对Cr-Mo钢断裂韧性和裂纹行为的影响

选用经４００℃，２０ＭＰａ，１０５ｈ氢暴露后的Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ钢进行了拉伸试验、疲劳试验和断裂韧性试验。结果表明，氢蚀使Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ钢强度、塑性和断裂韧性均降低，也使断裂机制由韧窝型转变为解理脆性，氢蚀使疲劳裂纹扩展速率增加，门槛值降低。Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ钢氢蚀后，随应力比Ｒ的增加，疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值大幅度降低。     

表面纳米化中碳钢磨合磨损性能研究

为研究表面纳米化中碳钢在润滑条件下的磨合性能,用环-盘摩擦磨损试验机进行磨合磨损试验.分析在不同载荷下摩擦系数和摩擦振动信号多重分形谱参数的变化,通过磨损表面形貌探讨表面纳米化影响中碳钢磨损行为的原因.结果表明:在低、中负荷作用下,表面纳米化处理的中碳钢摩擦系数和振动信号多重分形谱参数较未处理的有所降低,其较高的表面活性可更好地吸附润滑油以形成油膜.因此,在低、中负荷条件下,表面纳米化可提高中碳钢磨合磨损性能.     

Healing of hydrogen-attacked cracks in split specimens with recovering heat treatment in vacuum

The healing mechanism of hydrogen-attacked cracks in low carbon steel and Cr-Mo steel and its influencing factors during the healing process were studied by recovering heat treatment of split specimens in vacuum. The result showed that crack pacing turns much smaller under the condition of pure heating, especially for crack tips. The healing effect is well related to the length of cracks with the shorter in priority. By the primary mechanism of thermal diffusion, iron and carbon atoms must diffuse at the high speed in steel to realize that plasticity deformation energy exceeds and overcomes surface tensile force energy. In addition, phase transformation and stress-stain relationship also have positive effects on the process.     

Metal magnetic memory testing for early damage assessment in ferromagnetic materials

In order to investigate the physical mechanism of metal magnetic memory testing, both the influences of earth magnetic field and applied stress on magnetic domain structure were discussed. Static tension and fatigue tests for low carbon steel plate specimens were carried out on hydraulic servo testing machine of MTS810 type and magnetic signals were measured during the processes by the type of EMS-2003 instrument. The results indicate that the initial magnetic signals of specimens are different before loading. The magnetic signals curves are transformed from initial random to regular pattern due to the effect of two types of loads. However, the shape and distribution of magnetic signal curves in the elastic region are different from that of plastic region in tension test. While in fatigue test those magnetic signals curves corresponding to different cycles are similar. The H _p(y) value of magnetic signals on the fracture zone increases dramatically at the breaking transient time and positive-negative magnetic poles occur on the two parts of fracture zone. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

压力容器用钢氢蚀后组织与力学性能研究

研究了氢腐蚀后２０Ｇ和１５ＣｒＭｏ钢力学性能与显微组织的变化；并用扫描电镜分析了拉伸断口的特征．结果表明：２０Ｇ钢力学性能的下降是由于氢蚀造成珠光体的减少和裂纹的出现；并使断裂机制发生了韧性向脆性的转变．１５ＣｒＭｏ钢具有较强的抗氢腐蚀能力，力学性能的变化是因为严重的表面脱碳造成。抗拉强度的变化对整个氢蚀过程都敏感；而延伸率的变化仅在氢蚀前期敏感。     

基于经验模态分解和小波变换声发射信号去噪

为了解决声发射信号去噪问题,在分析经验模态分解去噪和小波阈值去噪优缺点的基础上,提出将二者相结合的去噪方法,包括IMF-Wavelet方法,EMD-Wavelet方法和Wavelet—EMD方法．利用标准信号及断铅模拟声发射信号对所研究方法进行了去噪性能分析．结果表明：对于标准信号,Wavelet—EMD方法无论在高信...     

磁记忆信号与应力之间的关系

为明确磁记忆信号与工作应力和残余应力之间的对应关系,对Q235低碳钢板状试件进行了静载拉伸实验.利用TSC-1M-4型磁检测仪,研究了光滑试件和人工缺陷试件表面法向磁场强度在不同工作载荷下及卸载后的变化规律.结果表明:磁记忆信号与工作应力之间具有较好的相关性,利用相邻两磁信号之间的相关系数可以判断试件是否处于某种临界或极限状态;塑性变形前后的离线磁信号并无明显区别,但断裂后的磁信号及梯度曲线可用于准确识别断裂位置.     

包钢80 t转炉重轨高碳出钢工艺研究

阐述了饮钢80t转炉冶炼重轨从低碳出钢到高碳出钢的工艺流程，并得到了出钢碳含量与[H]，[O]关系图以及出钢温度与[H]的关系图。     

Penetration control by weld pool resonance during gas tungsten arc welding

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｓｉｇｎａｌｓｆｒｏｍｔｏｐｓｉｄｅｏｆｗｅｌｄｐｏｏｌｆｏｒｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｕｐｔｏｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ .Ｔｈｅｓｔｉｃｋｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔｉｓｈｏｗｔｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｃｑｕｉｒｅｓｉｇｎａｌｓｔｈａｔｒｅ ｆｌｅｃｔｆｕｌｌｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓａｌｒｅａｄｙｋｎｏｗｎｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｕｌｔｒａｓｏｎｉｃｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｓｅｎｓｉｎｇ ,ｗｅｌｄｐｏ…     

Fractal analysis on the spatial distribution of acoustic emission in the failure process of rock specimens

The spatial distribution of acoustic emission (AE) events in the failure process of several rock specimens was acquired us-ing an advanced AE acquiring and analyzing system.The box counting method (BCM) was employed to calculate the fractal dimen-sion (FD) of AE spatial distribution.There is a similar correlation between the fractal dimension and the load strength for different rock specimens.The fractal dimension presents a decreasing trend with the increase of load strength.For the same kind of specimens,their FD values will decrease to the level below a relatively same value when they reach failure.This value can be regarded as the critical value,which implies that the specimen will reach failure soon.The results reflect that it is possible to correlate the damage of rock with a macroscopic parameter,the FD value of AE signals.Furthermore,the FD value can be also used to forecast the final fail-ure of rock.This conclusion allows identifying or predicting the damage in rock with a great advantage over the classic theory and is very crucial for forecasting rockburst or other dynamic disasters in mines.     

单轴压缩下含层理加锚岩石声发射特征研究

为了研究不同层理倾角加锚岩石变形破坏过程中的声发射特征,加工制备了0°和90°两种层理的加锚试样,利用RMT-150C岩石力学试验机和AEwin-USB型声发射信号采集系统,进行了含层理加锚岩石声发射特征试验。研究表明:单轴压缩条件下,90°层理试样声发射累积振铃计数大于0°层理试样,具有明显的层理效应;加锚试样相比无锚试样,在压密阶段就有较强声发射信号产生,而且随着载荷的增加声发射信号越来越强,加锚试样的累计振铃计数大于无锚试样;声发射信号特征可以反映岩石内部裂隙扩展变化,对于揭示层理加锚围岩破坏失稳机制具有一定的参考价值。     

声发射技术在拱桥吊杆损伤监测中的应用

目的为了克服常规无损检测方法不能动态监测吊杆损伤程度和类型，提出利用声发射技术监测吊杆损伤的活性.方法使用上升时间和持续时间关系图确定有效信号，设置浮动门槛值和增设警卫传感器去掉环境噪声；运用声发射参数法分析吊杆内水泥砂浆和钢绞线的损伤程度，并且还使用波形分析技术判断吊杆的损伤类型；在此基础上，对四川峨边大渡河拱桥的所有吊杆进行了全面的声发射在线监测.结果结果表明声发射信号幅值、能量、计数随时间实时变化图能直观显示吊杆的损伤程度关系；波形和频率范围上的差异能有效判断各种损伤类型，其监测结果与实际情况非常吻合.结论采用合理的降噪手段和识别方法，能够从强噪声环境中提取有效声发射信号，声发射特征参数相关图和波形分析技术能够动态监测拱桥吊杆的损伤程度和类型.     

Characteristics of magnetic memory signals for medium carbon steel under static tensile conditions

To test the magnetic signals leaked from the surface of specimens during loading, the experiments of the static tensile of medium carbon 45^# steel were carried out. The results show that the magnetic field strength values rapidly vary when the load began, and the curves of the magnetic field strength change from irregularity to regularity with the increase of the load. Furthermore, by comparing with the state of on-line testing, it is found that the magnetic signals of out-of-line testing has more practicability. In the course of loading, though the dots of passing zero of the magnetic field strength continually changed their positions and quantities, the last rupture places were always approached by the dots of passing zero since the elastic loading phase. Some certain relations should exist between external stress and changing of magnetic signals inside the material, and correlative explanation is made based on dislocation theory and the mechanism of magnetic domain action, which provides the basis for further research of magnetic memory. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

重型车刀破损时声发射信号特征

通过切削试验，研究了重型车削过程中各种声发射源产生的ＡＥ信号的特征，着重讨论了重型车刀破损时产生的ＡＥ信号与刀具正常切削时刀具经过硬质点、夹渣、铲坑以及断续切削和切屑的断时产生的ＡＥ信号之间的差异，从而找到了由声发射信号来判定刀具破损的方法。     

Analysis of Dynamic Tensile Process of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Acoustic Emission Technique

The fiber reinforced concrete has good dynamic mechanical properties. But corresponding research lacks the dynamic damage characteristics of the polypropylene fiber (fiber of low elastic modulus) and steel fiber (fiber of high elastic modulus) reinforced concrete under medium strain rate (10^-6 s^-1-10^-4 s^-1). In order to study the effect of strain rate on the damage characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete during the full curve damage process, the real time dynamic acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to monitor the damage process of fiber reinforced concrete at three strain rates. The AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band and average AE peak frequency at three strain rates were analyzed. With the accumulation of damage, the AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band increased first and then decreased, and the average AE peak frequency increased gradually. With the increase of strain rate, the AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band and average AE peak frequency decreased gradually. The polypropylene fiber content has more obvious effect on the Dynamic increase factor (DIF) of the peak stress than the steel fiber content. The theoretical basis was provided for the monitoring of dynamic damage of fiber reinforced concrete based on the AE technique.     

锈蚀对钢材低周疲劳性能的影响分析

以我国钢桥结构中使用较多的Q345钢材为例,对人工加速锈蚀试样进行2种应变幅下的低周疲劳试验研究.应用精细的有限元模型分析,基于微观断裂判据--循环空穴扩张模型（CVGM）,对锈蚀钢材的低周疲劳断裂机理进行分析,讨论蚀坑对钢材低周疲劳（LDF）寿命的影响机理,并验证方法的有效性.结果表明,质量损失率约为6%的锈蚀Q345钢材试样的低周疲劳寿命比无锈蚀钢材减少约30%;完好试样与锈蚀试样的稳定滞回环形状几乎相同,锈蚀对钢材承载能力影响较小;在1%应变幅作用下,试样破坏现象为脆性的低周疲劳破坏,而在2.5%应变幅作用的循环荷载下,试样发生延性的超低周疲劳破坏.锈蚀引起钢材超低周疲劳寿命下降程度与蚀坑位置的应变集中有关,随着应变集中程度的增加,疲劳寿命的下降增大.     

Characteristics of acoustic emission signals in damp cracking coal rocks

A uniaxial load experiment on coal rocks at different stress rates was carried out, based on the characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals in cracking coal rocks, decomposition, de-noising and reconstruction for the AE signals through wavelet packet transform for solving the current problems created by the presence of noise in AE signals and the existing problems in AE signal processing. The results show that the various characteristics of AE signals in coal rocks cracking under different situations can be clearly reflected, after the AE signals are de-noised by the wavelet packet. Compared to dry coal rocks, the number of AE occurrences in damp coal rocks was significantly reduced, as well as the average amplitude. The number of AE occurrences in damp and dry coal rocks clearly increased with increases in the loading rate, but the largest amplitude of the AE signals in damp coal rocks has been reduced. There is no clear evidence of change in dry coal rocks.     

含不同缺陷的金属材料声发射特性

根据声发射测试原理,利用信号峰值电压与材料形变过程中释放能量的关系建立了裂纹开裂的声发射参数与应力关系的数学模型,提出了声发射总计数和声发射计数率的一般表达式,研制了声发射装置,并在拉伸试验条件下对具有不同缺陷的ZG25试件进行了声发射检测。实验结果表明:无缺陷的ZG25材料与有气孔、疏松、夹渣和微裂纹缺陷的该材料具有不同的声发射AE事件特征,这对金属材料声发射无损检测具有实际意义。