纳米晶Al及Al-Mg合金的合成与性能研究进展

主要总结了纳米晶Al及Al-Mg合金的合成与性能研究进展,详尽介绍了用低温球磨法制备纳米晶Al及Al-Mg合金的过程,简要分析了影响低温球磨过程的因素,并探讨了球磨过程对显微组织的影响;介绍和评述了纳米晶Al的热稳定性,并在与粗晶Al及Al-Mg合金对比的基础上,介绍了纳米晶Al及Al-Mg合金的力学性能以及蠕变性能等方面的研究进展.     

高性能纳米晶Al-Mg合金的研究进展

本文介绍了国外有关纳米晶Al-Mg合金的研究进展。传统的Al-Mg合金经纳米化后强度得到明显提升,但塑性普遍较低。国外提出了多种思路方法(包括组织优化、成分优化等)对纳米晶Al-Mg合金的强塑性进行优化,使纳米晶Al-Mg合金的强度和塑性得到匹配,研制出了高性能的Al-Mg合金。     

改善Al-Mg合金流动性及力学性能的新方法

目的改善Al-Mg合金的流动性和组织性能。方法向Al-Mg合金中加入含有掺杂型Ti Cx的Al-Ti-C-B晶种合金(简称Al-Ti-C-B),借助其对Al-Mg合金枝晶大小及形貌调控,研究其对Al-Mg合金流动性和组织性能的影响,并与传统的Al-Ti-B中间合金细化剂进行对比。结果加入Al-Ti-C-B后Al-Mg合金的流动性和力学性能均高于Al-Ti-B,螺旋流动性试样长度由692 mm提高到937 mm,提高了约35.4%;Al-Mg合金的拉伸强度分别由192 MPa提高至216 MPa,伸长率由2.1%提高至4.1%,分别提高了12.5%和95.2%。结论借助Al-Ti-C-B及其晶种技术能够实现对Al-Mg合金流动性和力学性能的同步提升。     

细晶高强铝合金7475超塑变形行为

7475高强铝合金经过由固溶处理、轧制、再结晶组成的形变热处理工艺细化晶粒后,在适当条件下变形可呈现出良好的超塑性。在最佳变形条件下(T=510℃,ε_0=8.33×10~(-4)S~(-1)),获得最大延伸率为1700%。显微组织观察表明:Ⅲ区变形机制以晶间滑移为主,在晶内形成了位错亚结构。Ⅱ区的变形机制为晶界滑移伴随晶内位错运动。位错密度随应变的增加而增加。在Ⅰ区变形以扩散蠕度为主不包括晶间滑移。超塑变形Ⅱ区的激活能接近于体扩激散活能。基体中的体扩散是该合金超塑变形的速控过程     

化学沉积钴基纳米晶合金涂层工艺

化学沉积是制备纳米材料的一种良好方法,通过控制溶液组份和操作条件可以获得不同尺度的纳米晶.在化学沉积钴硼、钴磷合金纳米晶涂层制备工艺的基础上,制备了钴镍硼、钴镍磷纳米晶合金涂层,研究了三元纳米晶合金的沉积速率和显微组织结构.结果表明:当CCo2 /CNi2 =3:2时,pH值7.2,温度80℃,负载因子0.4 dm2/L,可以获得钴镍硼合金纳米晶.以纳米晶钴磷合金沉积液为基本配方,CCo2 /(CCo2 CNi2 )保持在0.1～0.5之间变化,可获得较好的纳米晶钴镍磷合金沉积层.     

单相纳米晶Sm2Co17合金的制备与性能表征

提出了一种制备单相纳米晶Sm2Co17合金块体材料的新方法.利用XRD和TEM分析了制备出的纳米晶Sm2Co17合金的相结构和显微组织.研究表明制备的单相纳米晶Sm2Co17合金在室温下具有密排六方的晶体结构,与传统的菱方晶体结构的粗晶Sm2Co17合金具有不同的结构热稳定性.测定了单相纳米晶Sm2Co17合金的磁性能和力学性能,与同种成分的粗晶材料相比,单相纳米晶Sm2CO17合金的磁性能和力学性能均获得显著提高.     

制备块体纳米/超细晶材料的大塑性变形技术

综述了采用SPD技术制备块体超细晶(UFG)和纳米晶(NC)材料的几种新方法，如等通道角挤压、高压扭转、多向锻造、多向压缩、板条马氏体冷轧法、累积轧焊法、冷拔、反复弯曲平直法等，分析了采用这些工艺制备的块体纳米材料所共有的微观组织特点。着重阐述了SPD技术的研究进展。     

船用变形铝合金的性能要求和选用

本文收集了目前各国大量使用的Al-Mg、Al-Mg-Si以及Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金的性能数据。从船舶结构设计要求、疲劳强度、焊接、腐蚀与保护、船舶结构加工成型等方面讨论了各系铝合金作为船舶结构的特点。指出在船舶结构材料的选择中,应优先考虑合金的焊接接头屈服强度和耐蚀性能。提出根据不同的船舶结构合理地选用合金和合金状态的建议。     

叠片粉末冶金制备超细晶Al-4％Cu合金的组织与性能

以纯铝、铜粉末为起始原料,采用叠片粉末冶金技术路线,通过球磨片化、复合造粒与扩散合金化,制备出了高强塑性匹配的超细晶Al-4%Cu合金。利用XRD、SEM及TEM,表征了合金相形成、演变及微观组织,并与采用球形铝粉的传统粉末冶金技术制备的Al-4%Cu合金进行了性能对比。结果表明,叠片粉末冶金能够获得拉长超细晶组织,引入的Al_2O_3纳米相使拉长晶在热变形加工过程得以保留;叠片粉末冶金所制备的Al-4%Cu合金屈服强度为378 MPa、抗拉强度达到527 MPa,分别比传统粉末冶金提高26.4%和19.2%,同时保持14.2%的延伸率,实现了强度和塑性的均衡匹配,为高强韧大块铝合金材料制备提供了新思路。     

微重力条件下偏晶合金的研究进展

介绍了重力对偏晶合金凝固过程的影响,综述了微重力环境下偏晶合金凝固研究中的新进展,总结了不同磁场模拟微重力环境下的实验研究成果,探讨了不同微重力条件制备偏晶合金的特点,指出了利用磁场制备偏晶合金的发展前景,最后提出了微重力条件下偏晶合金今后研究的方向和途径。     

Al-Mg合金的晶界内耗

研究了退火、淬火状态下 Al-Mg 合金的晶界内耗。实验表明,随 Mg 含量的增加,晶界内耗峰的峰宽和弛豫强度单调下降,峰位开始移向高温,后又移向低温;高温淬火处理能压低 Al-2.4wt-%Mg的晶界峰,但对其它低 Mg 含量试样不敏感,一定温度的保温能使压低的晶界峰回升。     

Unusual super-ductility at room temperature in an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy

Processing by severe plastic deformation (SPD) typically increases the strength of metals and alloys drastically by decreasing their grain size into the submicrometer or nanometer range but the ductility of such materials remains typically low. This report describes the first demonstration that it is possible to increase the room temperature ductility of aluminum-based alloys processed by SPD and to attain elongations to failure of >150% while retaining the enhanced strength. This unique combination of properties is due to the occurrence of grain boundary sliding at room temperature. The sliding was obviously achieved by introducing a grain boundary wetting of the aluminum/aluminum grain boundaries.     

Tensile behavior of bulk nanostructured and ultrafine grained aluminum alloys

In the present study, data on tensile behavior of bulk nanostructured aluminum alloys processed via consolidation of mechanically milled powders and severe plastic deformation are analyzed. High strength and low strain hardening were observed in bulk nanostructured and ultrafine-grained Al alloys. The ductility of aluminum alloys decreases with decreasing grain size. The high amount of intercrystalline components may have an influence on tensile properties of bulk nanostructured materials when grain sizes are less than 100 nm. The high strength in bulk nanostructured Al-Mg alloy may be attributed to contributions arising from grain size strengthening, the presence of high dislocation densities, Orowan strengthening, precipitation hardening and solid-solution hardening. The large and sudden stress drops in the stress-strain curves of cryomilled Al alloys are most probably indicative of the dislocation annihilation in the vicinity of or breakaway from the strong pinning role of dispersoids.     

复合微合金化对Al-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Sc和Ti复合微合金化对Al-Mg合金显微组织与拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:Sc和Ti复合微合金化可以显著提高Al-Mg合金的强度,并可细化铸态合金的晶粒组织.微量Sc和Ti的加入可使合金中形成大量细小弥散的球形Al3(Ti,Sc)粒子,这些Al3(Ti,Sc)粒子对位错和亚晶界具有强烈地钉扎作用,因而能强烈抑制合金的再结晶.Sc和Ti复合微合金化的Al-Mg合金的强化作用主要来源于Al3(Ti,Sc)粒子的析出强化和亚结构强化以及细晶强化.     

Influence of grain size on tensile properties of Al-Mg alloys

Abstract

Grain size refinement is an important strengthening mechanism in Al-Mg 5000 series alloys, which have a relatively large Hall-Petch slope compared with other Al alloys. In addition, the high work hardening rate exhibited by Al-Mg alloys provides excellent formability. This paper investigates the influence of grain size on the flow stress over a range of strains, and in several different Al-Mg alloys. It is found that the Hall-Petch slope decreases after yield, indicating that the large grain size effect is primarily associated with initiating plasticity in these alloys. Beyond yield the slope decreases to a value equivalent to other, non-Mg containing alloys, and shows no clear dependence on strain. The intercept stress from the Hall-Petch plots at different strains is non-linear with ? 1/2 for alloys containing up to 3 wt-%Mg, which indicates that the free slip distance is strain dependent in these alloys. In an Al-5 wt-%Mg alloy the intercept stress is linear with ? 1/2, indicating that solute atoms are controlling the free slip distance. If Mn is added to the Al-5 wt-%Mg alloy, as it is in commercial alloys, it has little influence on the grain size dependence, but it does increase the frictional stress at the highest Mn level of 0.7 wt-%.     

5083铝合金整体壁板耐腐蚀性能研究

铝合金整体壁板具有质量轻、耐腐蚀等特点,在国外已广泛应用在船舶建造上。本文研究了5083铝合金整体壁板的抗剥落腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能,对其耐腐蚀性能和机理进行了深入的探讨。结果表明,在铝合金整体壁板组织中β相沿加工方向成行,不连续分布,未在晶界上出现连续的β相网膜结构,因此整体壁板具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Achieving a Superplastic Forming Capability through Severe Plastic Deformation

Processing by severe plastic deformation (SPD) leads to very significant grain refinement in metallic alloys. Furthermore, if these ultrafine grains are reasonably stable at elevated temperatures, there is a potential for achieving high tensile ductilities, and superplastic elongations, in alloys that are generally not superplastic. In addition, the production of ultrafine grains leads to the occurrence of superplastic flow at strain rates that are significantly faster than in conventional alloys so that processing by SPD introduces the possibility of using these alloys for the rapid fabrication of complex parts through superplastic forming operations. This paper examines the development of superplasticity in various aluminum alloys processed by equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP).     

深度塑性变形法的研究现状和前景

深度塑性变形加工与传统变形方法相比具有很大的优点,可得到超细晶金属和合金,其微观组织结构和性能也发生很大的变化.通过介绍累积轧合法、等通道角挤压法和高压扭转法等3种目前最主要的深度塑性变形方法,分析了深度塑性变形法的特点和现状,并对其未来进行了展望.     

FEM analysis of equal channel angular processes

Much effort has been devoted to the study of the formation of superplastic in aluminum alloys on account of its cost and engineering advantages. From a mechanical point of view, the ability of a crystalline material to undergo superplastic behavior is usually linked to a submicrometer grain size. Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is an innovative technique for developing ultrafine-grained microstructures by introducing a severe plastic deformation in a bulk material with no significant changes in its cross-section. Equally, equal channel angular drawing (ECAD) is an emerging technology that permits more industrial applications than the former. However, the deformations thus obtained are much lower. This work presents a study of the application of the finite elements method to this technique using two common angles of 90 and 120°. Process conditions have been modified in order to analyze the effect of friction between the dies and the billet. Moreover, experimental ECAE and ECAD methods have been carried out using 3103 Al-Mn; 5083 Al-Mg and 1370 aluminum alloys through Routes A and B.     

Grain growth and grain orientation distribution of Al-Mg alloys

Grain growth behaviour of Al–Mg alloys containing 0.3, 2.7 and mass% Mg was investigated focusing on the spatial distribution of grain orientation and grain boundary character. In Al–0.3 mass% Mg alloy the cube texture developed at the first stage and then the texture declined accompanied with abnormal grain growth of non-cube grains at the second stage. The development of cube grains was suppressed by an increase of solute Mg atoms. The texture change depended strongly on spatial distribution of grain boundary character and cube clusters.