板坯连铸过程数值模拟分析

基于传热学基本原理、凝固理论和有限单元法,建立了凝固传热有限差分数学模型,对连铸凝固全过程进行模拟分析,结果表明,拉速越大,铸坯中心及表面温度越高,出结晶器坯壳厚度越薄;过热度增大,铸坯中心及表面温度均上升,出结晶器坯壳厚度减薄;冷却水量相对增大时,铸坯出结晶器坯壳厚度增大,二冷区温度下降较快。连铸坯凝固模型可用来确定常规拉速范围及不同拉速下的凝固壳厚度、凝固末端位置以及铸坯表面温度分布。     

连铸钢水过热度对大方坯凝固的影响

结合现场研究,利用显式有限差分法计算出不同工艺条件下的铸坯凝固情况;进行了过热度对出结晶器坯壳厚度、方坯表面温度、铸坯凝固过程中坯壳厚度和液相穴的影响的模拟分析研究。模拟结果表明：在拉速相同的情况下,随过热度的增加,出结晶器坯壳厚度减小、表面温度略微增加、铸坯液相穴拉长、坯壳减薄。     

大方坯连铸二冷区凝固坯壳厚度测试

应用"射钉法"测试了攀钢2#大方坯连铸典型钢种在工作拉速下凝固末端附近的凝固坯壳厚度,获得了凝固坯壳厚度、凝固末端位置与连铸拉速和冷却强度的关系,为优化连铸工艺,控制连铸坯凝固终点位置和制定合理的轻压下工艺制度提供了重要依据.     

AH32钢板坯连铸凝固传热过程数值模拟

建立了板坯连铸过程中,垂直拉坯方向传热的二维切片跟踪铸坯凝固数学模型.利用有限元软件ANSYS对板坯连铸凝固过程进行了瞬态热分析,并进行了射钉实验验证.对不同的过热度,不同的拉速(1.0和1.1 m/min)条件下,切片各点随时间变化的温度分布,以及铸坯壳厚度进行计算,并确定凝固末端位置.结果表明:随着过热度、拉速的增加,凝固末端位置距离结晶器液面变远;在合理的范围之内,拉速增加,铸坯表面温度增加,有助于防止铸坯表面裂纹的产生及提高板坯的生产效率.     

不同拉速下内外复合冷却结晶器内钢液凝固状况的数值模拟

运用流体力学分析软件Fluent,对方坯连铸内外复合冷却结晶器内钢液在流场温度场耦合作用下的凝固状况进行数值模拟。并讨论了拉速对坯壳厚度的影响,经分析模拟结果表明：在浇铸温度不变的条件下,随着拉速的提高,结晶器内同一位置坯壳厚度降低,液相增加。     

Φ800 mm圆坯Q355NE凝固传热数值模拟和工艺实践

以钢厂断面尺寸为Φ800 mm圆坯Q355NE为研究对象,建立大圆坯传热模型,在不采用结晶器电磁搅拌的条件下,研究拉速和过热度对凝固过程的影响规律。结果表明：拉速对坯壳厚度、凝固终点位置和中心固相率的影响高于过热度,拉速每增加0.02 m·min^-1,凝固终点后移2.6 m左右;过热度升高10℃,凝固终点后移0.21 m左右。实际生产中,二冷比水量0.18 L·kg^-1、过热度25℃、拉速0.14 m·min^-1时,出结晶器坯壳厚度超过43 mm,末端电磁搅拌充分发挥作用,铸坯中心疏松和中心缩孔较结晶器电磁搅拌(300 A/1.5 Hz)、二冷比水量0.18 L·kg^-1、过热度25℃、拉速0.16 m·min^-1工艺有所改善。     

X80管线钢238 mm x 1 650 mm连铸坯温度场及凝固末端位置的数学模拟

用二维切片跟踪铸坯凝固传热的方法建立了X80管线钢（/%:0.04C,1.85Mn,0.25Si,0.006P,0.003S,0.30Ni,0.21Mo,0.06Nb,0.02V）238 mm×1650 mm板坯连铸过程中垂直拉坯方向传热的数学模型,通过ANSYS对X80管线钢连铸过程中温度场及坯壳厚度的渐变进行计算,得出拉速1.2mm/min时,出结晶器坯壳厚为18.14 mm,铸坯液芯长22.58 m。凝固壳厚度计算值射钉测试结果的相对误差≤2.5%,凝固末端位置的相对误差为0.68%。分析了过热度（25~55℃）,拉速（1.2~1.3m/min）和二冷水量（79.2~96.8 m³/h）对切片各点温度和凝固末端位置的影响。结果表明,增大拉速、减小二冷配水量,连铸坯表面温降变慢,凝固末端位置距离结晶器液面越远,凝固时间变长;该X80管线钢板坯连铸最佳工艺参数为钢水过热度35℃,拉速1.2 m/min和二冷配水量88m³/h。     

应用射钉法测量板坯凝固坯壳的厚度

结合鞍钢连铸机的生产实际情况,采用射钉法测定二冷区内的凝固坯壳厚度,并计算铸坯凝固系数.测量结果表明,两个测量钢种在2.6m/min拉速下,连铸坯坯壳厚度的实际测量结果与连铸机二级系统的计算结果基本一致.整个凝固过程坯壳厚度生长符合平方根定律.     

板坯连铸机拉速优化控制模型

以板坯连铸机二维非稳态传热数学模型为工具，对连铸的工艺参数进行分析，从而得出影响铸机拉速的限制性因素是铸坯出结晶器时坯壳厚度。在计算机上对诸多工况铸坯的凝固过程做了琥交试验，回归了出结晶器时坯壳厚度与拉速、过热度的计算公式，为板坯连铸机浇铸速度的控制提供了理论依据，对稳定连铸机生产和进一步发挥现有铸机的潜力具有一定的实用价值。     

连铸坯凝固过程热力耦合有限元模拟

 以铸坯和结晶器之间的间隙热阻为纽带,考虑保护渣凝固对接触热阻和渣膜热阻的影响,建立了连铸结晶器与铸坯热力耦合模型并编写了相应的有限元仿真程序。模型预测的坯壳厚度和实验结果吻合良好,两者差值≤2 mm。应用模型分析了大方坯连铸结晶器内的传热过程和坯壳的应力分布。结果表明,随着拉速提高,凝固坯壳厚度减薄,铸坯产生角部裂纹的趋势增加。     

An asymptotic model of the mold region in a continuous steel caster

A model is developed to simulate the solidification of the steel shell in the mold region of the continuous casting process. Conduction-dominated temperature fields in the mold, mold flux, steel shell, and molten steel regions are determined through the development of an evolution equation for the solidifying front. This equation is derived in the limit of small aspect ratio, mold width to height, using asymptotic methods. These results are coupled with a lubrication-theory model for the mold flux region. This model assumes a temperature-dependent viscosity for the mold flux and allows for solidification of the flux at temperatures below a critical value. System response to changing casting speeds, superheat, mold wall temperatures, and mold flux properties is investigated.     

37Mn5连铸圆坯中心等轴晶率预测

为控制油井管用连铸圆坯的质量,基于薄片移动法建立了连铸圆坯凝固传热数学模型,并应用Procast软件的CA—FE模块对37Mn5钢Ф150mm圆坯凝固组织进行了模拟。中心等轴晶率模拟结果与工业试验检测结果相一致,据此,建立了柱状晶-等轴晶转变判据。基于此判据的中心等轴晶率预测结果表明,降低过热度、提高拉速和降低二冷零段...     

高速连铸结晶器内凝固传热行为及其均匀性控制

从分析高拉速包晶钢板坯连铸结晶器内凝固传热行为特征入手,首先阐明拉速对结晶器内的界面热阻、凝固坯壳的温度与应力分布的影响规律,研究发现拉速超过1.6 m·min?1时,界面热阻明显增加,拉速由1.4 m·min?1提升至1.6 m·min?1和1.8m·min?1时,出结晶器坯壳厚度相应减少约10%,其发生漏钢的危险不断增加;在此基础上,阐述了结晶器的内腔结构、保护渣、振动与液面控制等控制结晶器内坯壳凝固均匀性的相关技术。要实现高速连铸,首要应考虑结晶器内腔结构的优化设计,使其能更好地迎合凝固坯壳的生长,研制适合包晶钢等凝固特点的专用连铸保护渣至关重要,铸坯鼓肚控制也是保障高拉速液面稳定的关键。      

Thermomechanical finite-element model of shell behavior in continuous casting of steel

A coupled finite-element model, CON2D, has been developed to simulate temperature, stress, and shape development during the continuous casting of steel, both in and below the mold. The model simulates a transverse section of the strand in generalized plane strain as it moves down at the casting speed. It includes the effects of heat conduction, solidification, nonuniform superheat dissipation due to turbulent fluid flow, mutual dependence of the heat transfer and shrinkage on the size of the interfacial gap, the taper of the mold wall, and the thermal distortion of the mold. The stress model features an elastic-viscoplastic creep constitutive equation that accounts for the different responses of the liquid, semisolid, delta-ferrite, and austenite phases. Functions depending on temperature and composition are employed for properties such as thermal linear expansion. A contact algorithm is used to prevent penetration of the shell into the mold wall due to the internal liquid pressure. An efficient two-step algorithm is used to integrate these highly nonlinear equations. The model is validated with an analytical solution for both temperature and stress in a solidifying slab. It is applied to simulate continuous casting of a 120 mm billet and compares favorably with plant measurements of mold wall temperature, total heat removal, and shell thickness, including thinning of the corner. The model is ready to investigate issues in continuous casting such as mold taper optimization, minimum shell thickness to avoid breakouts, and maximum casting speed to avoid hot-tear crack formation due to submold bulging.     

攀钢连铸机结晶器冷却能力的研究

通过测定结晶器中钢液凝固坯壳厚度,研究了结晶器中钢液凝固系数变化情况,结合对漏钢时坯壳的解剖分析,评价了现有的铸机结晶器的综合冷却能力,为铸机高拉速生产提供了重要依据。     

Heat Transfer and Its Effect on Solidification in Combined Mould

SymbolList cp,cps,cpl———Specificheat,specificheatofsolidsteel andmoltensteel,(J·kg-1·K-1);C2———EmpiricalcoefficientoflowReynoldsκεturbu lencemodel;Dl———Darcyconstant;fl,fs———Fractionofmoltensteelandsolidsteel;f2———Empiricalcoefficientre     

Effects of continuous casting process parameters on carbon segregation degree of 38CrMoAl steel big round billet

The effects of continuous casting process parameters (superheat degree, casting speed and F- EMS) on the carbon segregation of round billet with diameter 600mm of 38CrMoAl steel were investigated by industrial experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the equiaxed crystal rate and solidification structure both affect the carbon segregation. When the superheat is low, shrinkage tends to occur, and the shrinkage is often accompanied by severe segregation. When the superheat is high, the equiaxed grain ratio is lower, carbon segregation is also severer, so the superheat degree is controlled at 30??. With the increasing of casting speed?? it can obviously spur the growth of columnar crystals and formation of central pipe; both columnar crystals and central pipe are the major cause of segregation, so the suitable casting speed is 0. 19m/min. Final electromagnetic stirring has the effect of uniform liquid steel composition and temperature, which increases the density of solidification structure, and reduces the central shrinkage hole, thereby reducing carbon segregation, but the electromagnetic stirring effect is greatly affected by the installation position. Based on comprehensive consideration of the production and quality in practical production, the suitable process parameters are established: the optimal superheat is 30??, casting speed is 0. 28m/min, the combination of electromagnetic stirring is M- EMS+S- EMS+F- EMS, and the corresponding electromagnetic stirring parameters are M- EMS of 101A/2Hz??S- EMS of 200A/8Hz??F- ME of 900A/8Hz. Under the above process conditions, it will be more reasonable for the F- EMS installation position to move 0. 4-0. 5m toward the meniscus.     

A mold simulator for the continuous casting of steel: Part I. The development of a simulator

Surface defects, such as oscillation marks, ripples, and cracks that can be found on the surface of continuously cast steel, originate in the continuous casting mold. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of initial solidification behavior of steel in a continuous casting mold is necessary because it determines the surface quality of continuously cast slabs. In order to develop an understanding of the initial solidification of continuous cast steels, a “mold simulator” was designed and constructed to investigate heat-transfer phenomena during the initial phase of strand solidification. The mold simulator was used to obtain solidified steel shells of different grades of steel under conditions similar to those found in industrial casting operations. The resulting cast surface morphologies were compared with industrial slabs and were found to be in good agreement, indicating that it is possible to simulate the continuous casting process by a laboratory scale simulator.     

国内外2205双相钢连铸坯凝固组织及碳偏析分析

以国内外两家先进不锈钢生产企业的2205双相不锈钢连铸方坯为研究对象,对比分析了其相应的凝固组织特征和宏观碳偏析分布。研究发现,国外2205连铸坯凝固组织柱状晶较为发达,柱状晶比例为76%,宏观碳偏析总体较低;而国内2205连铸坯等轴晶占主要部分,等轴晶比例为58%,存在严重的中心碳偏析。通过进一步对比国外样品柱状晶区和等轴晶区的致密度得出,柱状晶区平均致密度为0.89,高于等轴晶的0.84,高致密度的凝固组织对降低宏观偏析有利。因此,为了获得较为均匀的连铸坯成分和较低的宏观偏析度,合理的柱状晶和等轴晶比例非常重要。     

Solidification Structure of Continuous Casting Large Round Billets under Mold Electromagnetic Stirring

The solidification structure of a continuous casting large round billet was analyzed by a cellular-automaton-finite-element coupling model using the ProCAST software.The actual and simulated solidification structures were compared under mold electromagnetic stirring (MEMS)conditions (current of 300 A and frequency of 3 Hz).There-after,the solidification structures of the large round billet were investigated under different superheats,casting speeds,and secondary cooling intensities.Finally,the effect of the MEMS current on the solidification structures was obtained under fixed superheat,casting speed,secondary cooling intensity,and MEMS frequency.The model accurately simulated the actual solidification structures of any steel,regardless of its size and the parameters used in the continuous casting process.The ratio of the central equiaxed grain zone was found to increase with decreasing su-perheat,increasing casting speed,decreasing secondary cooling intensity,and increasing MEMS current.The grain size obviously decreased with decreasing superheat and increasing MEMS current but was less sensitive to the casting speed and secondary cooling intensity.