1，4，7，10－四氮杂环十二烷烃的合成

Ｎ，Ｎ′，Ｎ″－三（对甲苯磺酰基）二亚乙基三胺与氢化钠形成二钠盐，然后与Ｎ，Ｏ，Ｏ′－三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺缩合环化，生成Ｎ－对甲苯磺酰化的四氮杂环十二烷。在浓硫酸作用下，加热脱对甲苯磺酰基，得１，４，７，１０－四氮杂环十二烷烃。３步反应总产率为４４％。     

3-辛酰基吡咯的合成与表征

吡咯和对甲苯磺酰氯在金属钾的催化作用下合成N-甲苯磺酰基吡咯,它与辛酰氯在无水AlCl3催化下进行傅一克酰基化反应合成了,N-甲苯磺酰基-3-辛酰基吡咯(2)。在NaOH水溶液中,回流条件下,2进行碱式水解可得到目标产物。通过^1HNMR、IR及元素分析对产物的结构进行了表征。     

1,4,7,10—四氮杂环十二烷烃的合成

Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ″－三（对甲苯磺酰基）二亚乙基三胺与氢化钠形成二钠盐，然后与Ｎ，Ｏ，Ｏ＇－三（对甲苯磺酰基（双（２－羟乙基）胺缩合环化，生成Ｎ－对甲苯磺酰化的四氮杂环十二烷，在浓硫酸作用下，加热脱对甲苯磺酰基，得１，４，７，１０－四氮杂环十二烷烃。３步反应总产率为４４％。     

1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷的合成

提出了合成１,３,３－三硝基氮杂环丁烷的新方法,并讨论了对Ｎ－（对－甲苯磺酰基）－氮杂环丁－３－酮肟的硝化反应机理。     

二乙酰基吡咯的合成

吡咯转化为吡咯钾与对甲基苯磺酰氯反应,得1 对甲基苯磺酰基吡咯(Ⅰ),产率61 0%,熔点105～106℃;n(Ⅰ)∶n(乙酸酐)=1 0∶1 15,在室温下反应2h,得1 对甲基苯磺酰基 2 乙酰基吡咯(Ⅱ),产率80 5%,熔点110～111℃;Ⅱ在碱性溶液中水解,得2 乙酰基吡咯(Ⅲ),产率为94 4%,熔点89～90℃;Ⅲ与冰乙酸在室温下反应14d,得2,5 二乙酰基吡咯(产率16 2%,熔点158～159℃)和2,4 二乙酰基吡咯(产率45 1%,熔点137～138℃)。通过核磁共振、红外光谱和元素分析验证了产品的结构。     

N，O，O′─三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（2─羟乙基）胺的合成

二乙醇胺和对甲苯磺酰氯在三乙胺存在下，反应生成Ｎ，０，Ｏ′－三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺，产率９３％。从反应混合物中分离得副产物Ｎ，Ｏ－二（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺。     

两种ω—二茂铁羟酸的改进合成及其电化学行为

利用Ｚｎ（Ｈｇ）／ＨＣｌ分别对３－二茂铁甲酰基丙酸和４－二茂铁甲酰基丁酸进行Ｃｌｅｍｍｅｎｓｅｎ还原,在温和条件下高收率（９３％以上）合成了４－二茂铁丁酸和５－二茂铁戊酸。新的合成方法避免了文献中采用４０５．。３ｋＰａ Ｈ２还原的苛条件。以ＦＴ－ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ、＾１３ＣＮＭＲ和ＬＤ－ＭＳ确证了产物的结构。利用循环伏安技术研究了这两种ω－二茂铁羟酸的电化学行为。     

1，2—（2′—对甲苯磺酰基乙氧基）—苯的合成改进

本文报道1,2－（2′－对甲苯磺酰基乙氧基）－苯的合成改进,改进后反应条件温和,产物容易处理,收率较好。     

新试剂meso－四（3－氯－4－磺基苯）卟啉光度法测定痕量钯的研究

研究了新试剂ｍｅｓｏ－四（３－氯－４－磺基苯）卟啉（ｍ－ＣｌＴＰＰＳ４）与钯的显色条件，建立了一种高灵敏光度法测钯的方法。在适当条件下，Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）与ｍ－ＣｌＴＰＰＳ４形成稳定的１∶１（Ｍ∶Ｌ）配合物，其最大吸收波长为４１４ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数可达１．９×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。该方法应用于催化剂中痕量钯的测定。     

乳酸酯及其衍生物的合成研究进展

介绍了近几年来乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯，乳酸乙酯乙酸酯，O－酰基乳酸酯，丙酮酸乙酯，2－氯丙酸乙酯，O－对甲苯磺酰－（S）－乳酸甲（乙）酯及L（－）对甲苯磺酰乳酸乙酯的合成研究进展，提出了中国加快发展乳酸工业亟待解决的几个问题。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。