高纯铬电解技术的研究进展

从不同角度分类介绍了高纯铬电解的技术和方法及电化学原理，具体包括溶液电解（三价铬的水溶液电解和有机溶液中的电解）和熔盐电解（熔盐电沉积、高温电精炼和低温电精炼）。重点介绍了熔盐电解法这一领域的最新动态。     

LiF-ScF3-ScCl3电解质体系的物理化学性质研究

熔盐体系的物理化学性质对熔盐电解有很大影响,以LiF—ScF3-ScCl3为电解体系．对其物理化学性质进行研究。通过添加不同含量的氧化钪分别测定了其对电解质的密度、初晶温度和电导率的影响。结果表明．氧化钪的添加有助于降低电解温度,且不会对电解质的密度和电解质电导率产生很大影响。本工作旨在研究电解体系中添加氧化钪对其物理化学性能的影响,为电解铝钪合金的电解质体系的选择提供理论依据。     

制取铝锶合金在我国的研究进展

介绍了制取铝锶合金的对掺法、热还原法和熔盐电解法等三种方法。重点介绍了氯化物熔盐电解和氟化物熔盐电解的主要电解条件以及对电流效率的影响，指出在工业电解槽进行氟化物熔盐电解是制取铝锶合金最有发展前途的一种方法。     

电解制备镁及镁合金新型电解质物理化学性质的研究

主要采用MgCl2-NaC1-KCl-CeCl3体系为研究对象,通过改变稀土CeCl3的含量,对熔盐初晶温度、电导率、密度等物理化学性质的影响进行了研究与探讨;并讨论了温度对熔盐密度和电导率的影响;确定了最佳CeCl3含量为5%,得到了电解制备金属镁及镁合金的新型电解质。     

专利三则

一种稀土烤盐电解陶瓷阳板及其制备方法（CN1188162A）一种稀土熔盐电解陶瓷阳极及其制备方法，涉及一种稀土熔盐电解中用阳板材料，其材料成分为：氧化铁60％～84％，氧化体10％一20％，氧化铜15％～20％．制备时首先将氧化铁、氧化钦和氧化铜混合均匀，制成混合粉，再进行等静压成型制成坯料，最后进行烧结．本发明陶瓷阳极性能优良，其高温电导率高，并且不会给产品带来碳杂质，是稀土熔盐电解用阳极的理想替代品．一种金属集束长纤维的制备方法（CN1212911A）一种金属集束长纤维的制备方法，涉及金属纤维与徐敷隔离层的分离过程．其…     

固体透氧膜法直接还原NiO-CeO2制备CeNi5合金

在CaCl_2熔盐中,利用固体透氧膜(SOM)法直接电解混合氧化物NiO-CeO_2制备CeNi_5合金,并与熔盐电解法(FFC)进行了对比.阴极的制作方法与FFC法相同,阳极为碳饱和Cu(或Sn)液,采用只允许氧离子通过的透氧膜隔开阴极和阳极,这样可以采用较高的电解电压(3.5 V)以获取更高的电解速率.研究了SOM法制备CeNi_5合金的可行性和影响因素,如电解温度、电解时间,以及产物的相组成和形貌等.结果表明:通过SOM法,NiO-CeO_2可完全还原为CeNi_5.电解中间产物的相组成分析表明,CeNi_5的形成过程为:NiO首先还原为Ni,与随后生成的CeOCl反应生成CeNi_5.SOM法与FFC法对比表明,2.5 g的烧结试样采用SOM法电解3 h可电解完全,电流效率为75.5%,能耗为4.03 kW·h/kg;采用FFC法需12 h才能电解出纯的CeNi_5合金,其电流效率为26.1%,能耗为10.27 kW·h/kg.相比于FFC法,SOM法具有更好的工业化应用前景.     

熔盐液面上钨阴极快速腐蚀研究

稀土氧化物熔盐电解过程中钨阴极的局部快速损失是困扰生产的现实紧迫问题,为了揭示其腐蚀原因,针对稀土熔盐电解过程中钨阴极的消耗进行现场调研,进行了热力学理论分析并通过所设计的高温包埋试验、质量分析、XRD测试,以及工业现场钨阴极腐蚀形态的SEM观察,得出钨阴极高温腐蚀的原因在于稀土氧化物熔盐电解质挥发物附着在钨阴极表面加速其高温氧化破坏而引发其过快热腐蚀所致。     

熔盐电解精炼提纯金属硅(英文)

对熔盐电解质中硅的沉积过程进行电化学研究。在 973~223K,在硅氯化物熔盐中采用电解精炼提纯金属硅。结果表明,液态硅铜合金阳极有利于 CaCl2-NaCl-CaO-Si 熔盐体系的电解精炼。ICP-AES 分析结果显示,通过电解精炼可有效去除原料中大量的钛、铝、铁等金属杂质,硅中的硼和磷含量分别由 36×106和 25×106降低至 4.6×10 6和 2.8×10 6,电解能耗约为 9.3 kW·h/kg。     

变电站接地材料的电解腐蚀

用直流和交流电解方法试验了镀铝钢、碳钢和铜3种材料在6种土壤中的电解腐蚀情况。结果表明,近中性土壤中酸度对材料的直流和交流电解腐蚀影响不大;材料的直流电解腐蚀与土壤电导率成正比,而交流电解腐蚀与土壤电导率无明显相关性;材料的交流电解腐蚀明显轻于直流电解腐蚀。     

攀枝花含钛高炉渣直接制备钛合金

采用固体透氧膜(SOM)法研究直接电解攀枝花含钛高炉渣制备钛硅合金.以经过1 150 ℃预烧2 h成型的攀枝花含钛高炉渣为阴极,以氧化锆管内碳饱和铜液为阳极,将两者置于CaCl2熔盐中,在1 100 ℃、电解电压3.5～4.0 V的条件下高温熔盐电解2～8 h.采用SEM、EDX和XRD等方法对电解产物进行分析.结果表明:含钛高炉渣电解还原后的产物为TixSiy系合金,含钛高炉渣中钙、镁和铝等金属元素被有效去除.     

NaF·AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率

采用改进的固定电导池常数法研究 NaF-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率。结果表明, NaF-AlF3-3%Al2O3-3%CaF2-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率随着ZrO2含量（0~5%）的增加呈降低趋势。每增加1%氧化锆,电导率相应地降低约0.02 S/cm。温度每增加1°C时电导率相应降低约0.004 S/cm。随着NaF与AlF3摩尔比的增加,体系的电导率随之增加。最后采用二次回归正交设计方法,建立分子比相同时电解质的电导率与温度和氧化锆浓度关系的回归方程。     

Ionic conductivities of polymeric solid electrolyte films containing rare earth ions

Polymeric solid electrolyte films containing rare earth metal ions (Ce³⁺, La³⁺, Yb³⁺) have been prepared, with a view to applying them to solid-state electrochemical devices. The films, composed of poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted poly(methylmethacrylate) (PEO–PMMA), were prepared by dissolving rare earth salts with appropriate amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEG) that have ethylene oxide units in their structure. The ionic conductance behaviour of the polymeric composite electrolyte systems was investigated by AC impedance and DC polarization methods in an ambient temperature range. The oligo(ethylene oxide) units in the polymer matrix and the PEG components ensured the dissociation of the salts and the high mobility of the resulting ionic species in the solid films. About 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ or above of ionic conductivity was obtained for a PEO–PMMA/PEG/Ce(ClO₄)₃ system at room temperature. The addition of a liquid plasticizer in the composite improved the conductivity by about two orders of magnitude.     

Preparation and characterizations of heat storage material combining porous metal with molten salt

1　INTRODUCTIONGenerallyspeaking ,theheatstoragetechnologyisdividedintotwotypes ,i.e .sensibleheatthermalstorageandlatentheatthermalstorage[13] .Sensibleheatthermalstoragetechnologyistousetheheatab sorptioncapacityoftheceramicmaterialstostoretheheatenergyintotheceramicbeads ,andtousetheheattransformedandstoredundertheconditionofhighorlowtemperature[4 ] .Inthepastfewdecades ,thesensibleheatthermalstoragematerialswerewide lyappliedowingtotheirgoodchemicalandmechani calstability ,excellentsaf…     

一种含氟化镁电解质体系的温度、密度和导电度论证

本文对一种在生产中使用的含镁铝电解质体系的温度、密度、导电度利用经验公式进行了论证。通过论证得出如能通过技术手段和管理手段对电解质中各成份含量进行精细控制，电解生产可以在较低温度下高效运行；该电解质体系和铝液的密度差在一些情况下较小，生产中注意提前调控；该电解质体系和低分子比高氟化钙电解质体系的导电度相当。     

Electrical conductivity of polyaniline–dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid complex: thermal degradation and its mechanism

Polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) and methylbenzene sulphonic acid (MBSA) were used as model compounds to investigate thermal degradation mechanisms of electrical conductivity of PANI salts. The effects of high temperature annealing on the conductivity, thermal stability and morphology of the doped PANI were studied. Within a period of 2 h, the conductivity of the two PANI salts decreases continuously with the annealing time. The conductivity reduction also increases significantly with the annealing temperature. Both polymers show significant weight loss during the annealing, especially at 200 °C. The weight loss of PANI–MBSA is more pronounced than that of PANI–DBSA, while the conductivity reduction shows an opposite trend. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) study reveals a significant morphology change caused by the annealing. Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) results indicate that some dopants are converted to free acids due to the annealing. It is, therefore, suggested that in addition to cross-linking of PANI and evaporation and degradation of the dopants, the segregation of the dopants from the polymers is also an important mechanism responsible for the conductivity degradation observed.     

太阳能级硅电沉积用冰晶石熔盐的电导率和黏度

以热解碳化硼管作电导池,用固定电导池常数法研究由Na F-Al F3-Si O2构成的二元系和三元系熔盐的电导率;用扭摆法测定Na3Al F6-Si O2二元系的黏度。研究发现,所研究熔盐体系的电导率和黏度均与温度呈直线关系。Na3Al F6-Si O2二元系的电导率与Si O2含量关系曲线可分为0-10%和10%-40%（摩尔分数）两段,当SiO 2含量超过10%之后,电导率随着Si O2含量的增加而快速下降,而当Si O2含量小于10%时,电导率随着Si O2含量的增加而缓慢增加。在Si O2含量大于10%的冰晶石熔盐中添加少量的SiO 2,熔盐的黏度增加,但增加的趋势基本相同,这与熔盐中形成玻璃网状结构的离子团有关。当在冰晶石熔盐中继续增大Si O2含量到50%时,黏度发生急剧变化。     

一种用于SOFC的有前途电解质:Sc~(3+)和Bi~(3+)共掺氧化锆(英文)

采用pechini方法合成了Sc、Bi共掺的氧化锆粉体,并且在1050～1500 ℃下进行烧结.通过XRD、拉曼光谱和交流阻抗等测试研究了物相组成和电导率.研究发现,Bi_2O_3的加入在降温过程,部分抑制了t'→t的相变,而且作为助烧剂提高了样品密度.当烧结温度为1400 ℃时,样品电导率最高 (大约10~(-2) S/cm, 500 ℃),这可能是由于在此温度下m相的消失和亚稳相t'的抑制分解所致.     

The electrical conductivity and microstructure properties of Ni-doped TiO2 ceramic

The electrical, microstructure and crystal structure properties of Ni-doped TiO₂ were investigated. The microstructure and crystal structure of Ni-doped TiO₂ were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The alternating conductivity (AC) and direct current conductivity (DC) properties of Ni-doped TiO₂ have been investigated. DC conductivity exhibits a semiconductor behavior with the temperature. AC and DC measurements suggest that variable-range hopping (VRH) conduction is dominated by hopping of carriers between localized states at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, the conduction mechanism of the sample is constant-range hopping charge transport.     

Cooling capacity of molten salts and alkalis containing water

Conclusions The method of cooling molten salts and alkalis in austempering and martempering by adding water to the bath at any temperature, which was developed and put into operation at the Gor'kovskii Metallurgical Plant, guarantees: 1) a constant temperature of the bath within limits of ±5°C; 2) constant amount of water in the bath, which increases the cooling capacity four to five times; 3) prevention of "aging" and elimination of the necessity of renewing the molten salts; 4) the use of austempering and martempering for tools, machine parts, rolled steel (including railroad rails) in place of ordinary oil-quenching to martensite with subsequent tempering.Gor'kovskii Metallurgical Plant. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 58–62, November, 1967.     

电磁过滤钢液中非金属夹杂物的运动速度和去除效率的理论分析

电磁过滤原理是根据非金属夹杂物与熔体导电性的差异,在电磁场作用下非金属夹杂物与熔体的运动规律不同,使非金属夹杂物与熔体分离,经流体力学分析、采用柱塞流及轨线模型研究电磁过滤水平流动钢液中非金属夹杂物的运动速度和去除效率,结果表明,非金属夹杂物的去除效率随着熔体流速（u)和过滤器的高度（2h)的降低而增加;随着电磁力（f)、电磁力作用区长度（x)和非金属夹杂物的粒径（dp)的增加而增加,经分析表明,采用电磁过滤法可有效去除粒径小于10um的非金属夹杂物,该模型可用来设计过滤器的结构和确定电磁过滤工艺参数,为电磁去除钢液中的非金属夹杂物技术的工业应用提供理论基础。