几种Ni—Cr—Al基低偏析高温合金的抗氧性能研究

在１０００－１１００℃之间，对三种Ｃｒ，Ａｌ含量及微量元素，Ｓ，Ｚｒ含量不同的Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ａｌ基合金进行了恒温和循环氧化实验。结果表明，高Ｃｒ，低Ａｌ，Ｓ含量，且不含Ｚｒ的合金其氧化膜层主要由连续致密的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３外氧化层和树根状Ａｌ２Ｏ３内氧化层构成，氧化膜的粘附性较好。     

Fe—23Cr—5Al合金1000^0C氧化形成的Al2O3膜生长应力研究

采用一种测定氧化膜生长应力的双面氧化弯曲方法,测量了Ｆｅ－２３Ｃｒ－５Ａｌ（Ｆｅ－２２．６Ｃｒ－．４２Ａｌ－０．２１Ｔｉ,ｗｔ％）合金在１０００＾０Ｃ空气中氧化形成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的平均生长应力,研究了氧化膜应力释放机制,Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的平均生长应力随膜厚增大而减小,其大小从－１ＧＰａ数量级变化到－１００ＭＰａ数量级。基体全金和Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜在１０００＾０Ｃ时均发生蠕变,合金氧化一定时间后于真空保温退火     

Cr对TiAl金属间化合物抗循环氧化性能的影响

研究了Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ,Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ和Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ（％）合金在９００～１１００℃下的抗循环氧化性能。结果表明,ＴｉＡｌ在９００～１１００℃下形成ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物膜,抗循环氧化能力差。在９００℃时Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金尽管形成ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物膜,但是循环氧化１００次仍未见氧化膜剥落;而在１０００℃时由于粘附性好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜部分覆盖于表面,其抗氧化性能较ＴｉＡｌ的好。在１１００℃氧化时,Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金能形成连续Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,而表现出好的抗循环氧化性能。Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金在９００～１１００℃由于能形成保护性的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,而表现出好的抗循环氧化能力。因此,添加Ｃｒ可以促进ＴｉＡｌ表面粘附性好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的形成从而显著地提高ＴｉＡｌ的抗循环氧化能力。     

表面施加氧化物薄膜涂层对Fe25Cr5Al合金高温氧化行为的影响

用电沉积－热解方法在合金表面获得了厚度为０．１－０．５μｍ的单一Ｙ２Ｏ３,Ａｌ２Ｏ３或不同Ｙ２Ｏ３含量与Ａｌ２Ｏ３或Ｃｒ２Ｏ３混合的氧化物薄膜涂层,研究了在１１００℃,１０＾４ＰａＯ２的条件下各类ＯＴＦＣ对Ａｌ２Ｏ３形成Ｆｅ２５Ｃｒ５Ａｌ合金恒温氧化和循环氧化行为的影响。     

微量元素Zr,Hf对Ni47Cr6Fe玻封合金氧化膜生长的影响

研究了微量元素Ｚｒ，Ｈｆ对Ｎｉ４７Ｃｒ６Ｆｅ玻封合金在高温湿氢气中的氧化速度，氧化膜形貌，应力及组成的影响。结果表明，Ａ１，Ｓｉ的少量添加促进合氧化，但Ｚｒ，Ｈｆ的微量添加抑制合金氧化，Ｚｒ与Ｈｆ对合金氧化速度的影响基本相同；Ａｌ，Ｓｉ促使氧化膜凸起生长，Ｚｒ，Ｈｆ促使氧化膜平滑生长，Ｚｒ，Ｈｆ的添加增加氧化膜内应力，而添加Ｓｉ，Ａｌ降低氧化膜内应力。Ｎｉ４７Ｃｒ６Ｆｅ合金氧化膜主要由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和     

K17F高温合金溅射微晶层的抗高温氧化行为

研究了铸态高温合金Ｋｌ７Ｆ及其溅射微晶（小于０．ｌμｍ）层的高温氧化行为．结果表明，微晶层为均匀的γ相组织，它大幅度提高铸态合金的９００至１０００℃的抗氧化性能，甚至比渗Ａｌ涂层还好在高温下，Ｋ１７Ｆ生成以Ａｌ２Ｏ３为主，含有Ｎｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｔｉ氧化物的氧化膜，它在氧化过程中易剥落，而溅射微晶层表面只生成单一的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜，具有优异的防护性和粘附性，在５００ｈ的氧化过程中未见剥落．     

TiAlCr涂层对TiAl金属间化合物抗高温氧化性能的影响

研究了溅射Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ涂层在８００－１０００℃对ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,ＴｉＡｌ合金由于形成Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２的混合氧化物而表现出较差的抗高温氧化性能,而ＴｉＡｌＣｒ层由于形成粘附性了的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜而大大提高了ＴｉＡｌ的恒温及循环氧化性能,经９００℃１０００ｈ长时间氧化。ＴｉＡｌＣｒ涂层对ＴｉＡｌ合金仍能提供很好的防护,涂层和基格结合我孔洞及裂纹出现,表现     

溅射Ni-8Cr-3.5Al纳米晶涂层的抗高温氧化行为

对Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ质量分数,％合金及其纳米晶涂层进行了１０００℃空气中高温氧化研究。结果表明：Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ纳米晶涂层的抗高温氧化性能优于Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ合金。这主要在于Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ纳变涂层表面生成了具有分层结构含一连续α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３内层的氧化膜,而Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ合金则生成了由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３内氧化物组成的氧化膜。讨论了涂层氧化膜的生成过程。     

表面涂少量氯化锰提高Ti47A12Cr2Nb合金高温抗氧化性

研究了表面涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２对Ｔｉ４７Ａｌ２Ｃｒ２Ｎｂ合金９００℃恒温氧化行为的影响,涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２后合金的氧化速率降低了５０％以上,氧化膜也由ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物变为以Ａｌ２Ｏ３为主的氧化物。     

表面涂少量氯化锰提高Ti47Al2Cr2Nb合金高温抗氧化性

研究了表面涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２ 对Ｔｉ４７Ａｌ２Ｃｒ２Ｎｂ 合金９０００Ｃ 恒温氧化行为的影响。涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２ 后合金的氧化速率降低了５０ ％ 以上,氧化膜也由ＴｉＯ２ 和Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 的混合物变为以Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 为主的氧化物。发生上述变化的原因可能在于氧化开始时合金中钛与Ｃｌ 反应形成钛的亚稳态氯化物挥发掉,合金表面形成一层致密的氧化铝膜,阻碍合金中的Ｔｉ 向外扩散氧化,因此提高了合金的高温抗氧化性能     

EFFECTS OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON THE OXIDATION OF LOW SEGREGATION Ni－Cr－Al BASED SUPERALLOYS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＲＡＣＥＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＮＴＨＥＯＸＩＤＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＯＷＳＥＧＲＥＧＡＴＩＯＮＮｉ－Ｃｒ－ＡｌＢＡＳＥＤＳＵＰＥＲＡＬＬＯＹＳ￥Ｗ．Ｓ．Ｈｕ,Ｔ．Ｆ．ＬｉａｎｄＪ．Ｎ．Ｓｈｅｎ（ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＣｏｒ...     

NiAl-31Cr-2.9Mo-0.1Hf-0.05Ho定向共晶合金的高温氧化行为(英文)

采用SEM和XRD等分析手段对NiAl-31Cr-2.9Mo-0.1Hf-0.05Ho定向共晶合金的高温氧化行为进行研究。结果表明,在900~1100°C下合金表面生成连续的Al2O3氧化膜,从而使合金具有良好的抗氧化性能;在1150°C下合金表面的Al2O3氧化膜破裂,氧化增重升高。定向凝固工艺细化合金的组织以及微量稀土元素Ho的加入,均有利于在合金表面形成连续的Al2O3氧化膜。在氧化过程中,表面氧化膜存在着θ-Al2O3→α-Al2O3的相变过程,从而导致1000°C和1050°C氧化增重反常现象的出现。     

Effect of Zr on the Oxidation Properties of Fe3Al Intermetallic Compound

This review is concerned with the effect of the addition of zirconium as a third element on the heat-resisting properties of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds and explains their high-temperature oxidation mechanism. The Fe3Al and Fe3Al-0.05Zr specimens were isothermally oxidized in the temperature range of 1173～1473 K in synthetic air for 100 h. The formation of the alumina layer approximately obeyed the parabolic rate law, with the exception of short initial stage. The parabolic rate constant values for the Zr-doped Fe3Al decreased at all tested temperatures. Fe3Al revealed massive spallation, whereas Fe3Al-Zr produced a fiat, adherent oxide layer. The microstructure investigations of the alumina scales grown thermally on the Fe3Al-Zr alloy by means of SEM-EDS showed that they were 1.5～2 μm thick and consisted of a small inner columnar layer and an equiaxed outer grain layer. Additionally, very fine (50～150 um) oxide particles rich in Zr were found across the alumina scales. The addition of Zr significantly affected the oxidation behavior of Fe3Al by improving the adherence of the α-Al2O3 scale. TEM-SAD investigations of the alumina scales on samples prepared using the FIB (Focused Ion Beam) method confirmed the presence of small tetragonal zirconia grains near the scale/gas and alloy/scale interfaces, most of which were formed along alumina grain boundaries(gbs). Zr gb-segregation was found using HRTEM. The role of preferential formation of zirconium oxide along the alumina scale grain boundaries and the effect of Zr gb-segregation on oxidation and scale growth mechanisms were analyzed by means of two-stage oxidation experiments using 16O2/18O2. The SIMS oxygen isotope profiles for the Fe3Al-Zr alloy oxidized at 1373 K, after two-stage oxidation experiments, revealed that oxygen anion diffusion is predominant compared to that of aluminum cation diffusion.     

W、B、Y微合金化高铌TiAl基合金高温抗氧化性研究

使用元素W、B、Y对Ti-45Al-8Nb合金进行了微合金化,研究了微合金化后高铌TiAl基合金在900℃静止空气中的断续氧化行为。结果表明,与Ti-45Al-8Nb合金相比,经过0.2B与0.1Y联合微合金化后合金的氧化增重小,氧化膜与基体的粘附性强,抗氧化性明显改善;经过0.2W与0.1Y微合金化后合金氧化增重明显,氧化膜容易脱落,合金抗氧化性下降;经过0.2B、0.2W、0.1Y联合微合金化后合金抗氧化性没有明显变化。对氧化膜进行的扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,联合添加B、Y促进了合金中的连续致密的Al2O3条带的形成,W、Y联合微合金化的合金中靠近基体处未形成连续的Al2O3条带,并且混合层中形成了较厚的低铌含量的TiO2层。W、B、Y联合微合金促进了混合层中富Al2O3层的形成。     

NiAl涂层对NiAl-Cr(Zr)共晶合金1100℃空气中循环氧化行为的影响

研究了溅射NiAl涂层对NiAl-Cr(Zr)共晶合金在1100 ℃空气中抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,在1100 ℃高温下,NiAl-Cr(Zr)共晶合金由于形成Al2O3 + Cr2O3+ ZrO2的混合氧化物膜而表现出较差的抗循环氧化性能.在其表面溅射与其成分接近的NiAl 微晶涂层,高温下形成致密的、粘附性好的A...     

Oxidation Behavior of K4750 Alloy at Temperatures Between 750 ℃and 1000 ℃

This study investigated the oxidation behavior of a new casting Ni-based superalloy K4750 at 750 ℃-1000 ℃ in air for 100 h-1000 h by isothermal oxidation tests.The oxidation-kinetic curves were plotted by the static discontinuous weight gain method.Observation and identification of oxidation products were conducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) was also used to analyze the chemical state of elements and the distribution in depth.The results showed that the oxidation-kinetic curves of K4750 alloy basically obeyed the parabolic law.The average oxidation rate below 900 ℃ was less than 0.1 g/m2.h which meant the alloy was at a complete anti-oxidation grade,and the alloy was at an anti-oxidation grade at 1000 ℃.The predominant surface oxide was Cr2O3,and a double layer structure of the oxide scale was observed at all tested temperatures as time increased.The outer oxide layer contained continuous Cr2O3 and a small amount of oxides mixed TiO2 and NiCr2O4,while the inner oxide layer was composed with Al2O3.The oxidation process could be interpreted by the competitive oxidation of different elements.The diffusion rate of Ti through Cr2O3 layer increased with increasing temperature,and thus the generation of TiO2 was advantageous.The dispersed TiO2 reaching a certain amount destroyed the continuity of the surface oxide layer,which accounted for the reduction of oxidation resistance of K4750 alloy at high temperatures.     

Influence of Aluminum and Rhenium on the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of CoNiCrAlY Alloys

The oxidation behavior of a Co32Ni21Cr8Al0.6Y (wt%) alloy with and without the addition of 3.5 wt% rhenium, 2 wt% aluminum or a combination of the two was investigated at 1000 °C. Results showed that increasing the Al content from 8 to 10 wt% led to an increase of the alloy ??-phase, but did not affect the oxidation behavior. Re addition induced (Cr,Re,Y)-rich phase to precipitate in the alloy, accelerated the ??- to ??-alumina transformation, reduced the oxidation rate and enhanced the rate of alloy Al diffusion. Adding both Al and Re further improved the oxidation behavior by promoting the development of the external alumina scale and suppressing the formation of Ni, Co containing spinel. This alloy also showed the largest reduction of oxidation rate and emerged to be the most beneficial. A continuous Cr?CRe rich layer was observed at the oxide/alloy interface of the Re, Al containing alloy after longer oxidation times, but this layer is not expected to affect the continued growth of the alumina scale.     

Ni-22Cr-20Co-18W合金在1100℃时氧化膜的演变

采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析仪研究了1100℃下Ni-22Cr-20Co-18W合金氧化膜的演变规律。结果显示,在氧化初始阶段,表面形成了Cr2O3,NiO和(Co,Ni,Mn,Cr)3O4混合氧化膜,后者为M3O4型氧化物。长时间氧化后,氧化膜由单层转变为双层,在内层形成连续的Cr2O3膜,在外层形成可以抑制内层Cr2O3挥发的致密NiO氧化膜;同时氧化空位在氧化膜与合金基体界面处形成,并且Al元素的内氧化也在该处发生。     

DD6单晶高温合金的等温氧化行为(英文)

研究第二代单晶高温合金DD6在1050℃和1100℃下的等温氧化行为,分别采用SEM、XRD和EDS对氧化产物进行分析。结果表明,在1050℃和1100℃温度下,DD6合金的100h氧化动力学曲线遵循亚抛物线规律。在1050℃时,氧化产物分为两层,外层为NiO和少量的Al2O3,内层为Al2O3。而在1100℃时,氧化产物分为三层,外层为Al2O3和少量的NiO,中间层为Cr2O3和TaO2,内层由Al2O3组成。在这2种温度下的氧化物下面都形成了无γ′相的区域。     

Isothermal oxidation behavior of Ni3Al-0.1B base alloys containing Ti,Zr, or Hf additions

The isothermal oxidation behavior of Ni₃Al-0.1B and of this alloy containing additions of approximately 2% Ti, Zr, or Hf was studied in purified oxygen at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 1300 to 1500 K and for periods up to 400 ks. Ni₃Al was also studied similarly for comparison. The oxidation of Ni₃Al and Ni₃Al-0.1B resulted in an extensive formation of geometric voids on the substrate surface leading to poorly adherent scales. The addition of B to Ni₃Al did not change the oxidation behavior much, however, both the activation energy of oxidation and the relative thickness of the Al₂O₃ layer in the scale were increased. The addition of Ti led to the formation of adherent scales at 1300 K, but the oxidation was accelerated after an initial period at 1300 and 1400 K. At higher temperatures the scale was protective, and the parabolic rate constant, k_p, decreased, however, the scale adherence was impaired by the formation of interfacial voids. The addition of Zr resulted in very adherent scales at all temperatures, but at the same time it increased k_p considerably. The addition of Hf also resulted in very adherent scales at all temperatures and decreased k_p except at 1300 K. The improved scale adherence can be accounted for by the keying effect, since the additives resulted in roughened scale/alloy interfaces. A complex of oxide particle and an associated void was found on the exposed surface of the Hf-containing alloy. This supports the vacancy-sink mechanism.