共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
乙酰丙酸有望成为一个基于生物质资源的新平台化合物,其制备过程中涉及高温高压水.实验测定了压力10 MPa、温度220~280 ℃内乙酰丙酸在近临界水中的稳定性.实验结果表明:近临界水中乙酰丙酸较稳定,在280 ℃、反应32 h下,乙酰丙酸的转化率仅为7.0%.乙酰丙酸降解反应为一级反应,分解反应的活化能为28.04 kJ/mol. 相似文献
2.
测定了压力15MPa,温度260-310℃下苯甲醛在近临界水中的稳定性数据。由Arrhenius方程拟合得到苯甲醛分解反应的表观活化能为51.65kJ/mol。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对分解产物进行了定性分析,表明分解产物中除了苯甲醇和苯甲酸外,还有大分子物质,进而探讨了苯甲醛在近临界水中的分解机理。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
《硅酸盐学报》2016,(11)
针对水热反应处置固体废弃物的亚临界水热环境,综述了水介质和碱作用的研究进展。水介质是水热反应中不可或缺的介质环境和反应载体,在亚临界水热处置固体废弃物体系中,水介质的离子积随温度的升高、压力的增加而急剧增大;水介质压强与填充度的关系不显著;水介质密度随压力变化不明显,主要由温度控制;水介质与产物的相关关系,符合水热反应"生长基元"模型。碱的引入,不但可以提高固体废弃物在水热溶液中的溶解度,且提高了其溶解度温度系数;不同阳离子及碱浓度均会对反应进程和反应产物产生重要影响。亚临界水热反应中水介质和碱的作用是固体废弃物水热反应的基础,对提高固体废弃物水热资源化的效果及进程具有重要作用。 相似文献
6.
为研究瞬时化学反应性固体颗粒对气液传质过程的影响,对伴有瞬时反应性固体颗粒/水浆料体系吸收气体过程进行了理论分析。考虑了固体颗粒在气液界面附近的溶解,以及固体颗粒尺寸对传质的影响,将cell模型融入溶质渗透理论,建立了气液二相间传质模型,并对模型进行了解析求解,得到了液相传质系数的解析表达式。结果显示:固含率、固体颗粒尺寸和溶解度对气液传质过程具有重要影响,液相传质系数随固含率和固体颗粒在液相中饱和浓度的增加而增大,随固体颗粒粒径增大而减小。在搅拌式反应器中利用Mg(OH)2/水浆料吸收SO2气体,对传质模型进行了实验验证。模型计算结果与实验值吻合良好。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
一、加氢裂化装置概述
中国石化股份有限公司广州分公司120×10^4t/a加氢裂化装置,是一个高温高压的临氢装置,在正常运转条件下,加氢精制反应器操作温度为370℃,压力13.5MPa;加氢裂化反应器操作温度390℃,操作压力13.5MPa,反应物料处理量达到150000kg/h,其中循环氢气量约161000Nm^3/h,在生产过程中应严防反应器的超温和飞温。另外,反应器的安全阀、系统管线、阀门等附件如发生泄漏或损坏,高温、高压的油气、氢气喷出来,极易发生火灾、爆炸事故,加氢裂化装置始终处于高度“危险”运转的状态。通过表1可以了解到氢气在装置内的分布情况。 相似文献
11.
1 INTRODUCTIONBiomass continues to be an important candidate asa renewable resource for energy chemicals,and feed-stock.This makes cellulose,which is the major com-ponent of biomass,an important compound to study.Near-critical water (NCW) is usually referredto hot compressed water in the range of 250--350℃,which has changing properties as temperature goes upsubstantially. NCW has a strong tendency to ionizeand can act as an effective acid and base catalysts. 相似文献
12.
引 言纤维素含量约占 50 %的生物质资源 ,是非常有应用前景的可再生资源 .目前用于大规模处理生物质资源的方法有酸水解、热分解和水蒸气蒸爆等 .酸水解的目标是最大限度地获得单糖 ,它又可发为浓酸水角[1] 与稀酸水解[2 ] .酸水解具有以下缺点 :①反应速度较慢 (最大 0 .1min- 1) ;②反应器腐蚀严重 ;③需国收酸 (浓酸水解 )以及废水处理等 .热分解的目标是生成燃料 ,Antal等[3] 对此进行大量的研究 ,此法设备与工艺均较简单 ,但存在着产品价值较低、污染严重等问题 .水蒸气蒸爆因水解率低 ,一般只作为预处理技术[4 ] .另外还有人… 相似文献
13.
超临界水非催化稻草秸秆一步法制备还原糖的研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
超临界水非催化稻草秸秆一步法制备还原糖是一种新型的燃料酒精制备方法。采用自制超临界水的间歇反应器,在设定反应时间内,通过锡浴加热使反应体系达到超/近临界状态。稻草秸秆经处理后,由冷水急冷终止反应。结果表明在反应温度 350℃、反应压力 16 MPa、处理时间 25 s、固液比为1:15且稻草秸秆未经任何预处理的条件下,还原糖收率达到最大值 28.81%;此外,稻草秸秆使用超临界水一步法水解比用碱液处理后再进行超临界水解更利于其转化为还原糖。 相似文献
14.
Yukihiko Matsumura Masaki Harada Kyoko Nagata Yoshihiro Kikuchi 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2006,193(5):649-659
The effect of feedstock heating rate on the efficiency of gasification of a biomass in supercritical water was investigated using a continuous bench-scale reactor. A glucose solution (biomass model compound) and a cabbage slurry were gasified in supercritical water at various heating rates in a preheater. The results show that in the range of 10-30 K/s, carbon gasification efficiency improved as the heating rate increased. 相似文献
15.
Yukihiko Matsumura Masaki Harada Kyoko Nagata Yoshihiro Kikuchi 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(5):649-659
The effect of feedstock heating rate on the efficiency of gasification of a biomass in supercritical water was investigated using a continuous bench-scale reactor. A glucose solution (biomass model compound) and a cabbage slurry were gasified in supercritical water at various heating rates in a preheater. The results show that in the range of 10–30 K/s, carbon gasification efficiency improved as the heating rate increased. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has the potential to recover compounds from a range of solid matrices if a fully continuous process can be commercialized. This paper presents the development of a hydrodynamic model for a continuous pilot scale SFE process, involving countercurrent flow of a slurry and a supercritical fluid. The model developed is based on first principles and focuses on predicting pressure and slurry level within the extraction vessel. The model was validated using pilot scale system data. Using adjusted parameters, the model accurately predicted steady state pressure and provided a good estimate of slurry level. 相似文献
19.
超临界水热燃烧技术作为一种新型的高效清洁燃烧技术,为实现有机废物处理、稠油资源高效开发、煤基固体燃料清洁转化利用、新型钻井技术开发及劣质燃料品质提升等提供了一条崭新的途径,具有广阔的发展前景。本文概述了超临界水热燃烧的提出、发展历程及其技术优势,评述了不同燃料的水热火焰特性、水热燃烧反应器形式以及水热燃烧技术工程应用方面的研究现状。指出对于特定燃料,水热燃烧反应器具有较低的燃料熄火温度是提高反应器内水热火焰稳定性的关键。水热燃烧反应器开发过程中水热火焰区的结构布置需综合考虑蓄热需求与反应器壁面安全。水热火焰特性与超临界水中传热传质的耦合机制、水热燃烧过程数值模拟、光-超临水-氧气复杂环境下的材料腐蚀特性、水热火焰辅助降解有机废物、生产多元热流体辅助稠油开采、煤基固体燃料的水热燃烧是超临界水热燃烧领域未来研究热点。 相似文献
20.
《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》2001,81(1-3):287-299
Wet air oxidation (WAO) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) processes have been studied by numerous researchers, proving their effectiveness to treat a wide variety of wastes and presenting the kinetics involved in each case. As a result, a substantial amount of kinetic information describing organic reactions in those environments has been accumulated. In most cases, predictions from kinetics models obtained below and above the critical point of water are completely different. Furthermore, predictions from kinetic expressions obtained in the same range of operating conditions vary considerably.Phenol is a model pollutant that has been the subject of numerous studies both in subcritical and supercritical conditions. In this work, both batch and continuous flow reactors have been used to compare the kinetics obtained for phenol oxidation at subcritical and supercritical conditions. Moreover, most of the rate expressions available in the literature have been compared in order to find the reasons for the discrepancies found. 相似文献