碳纤维/石英复合材料中石英玻璃的析晶

碳纤维补强石英复合材料具有很高的强度和断裂韧性,是纤维补强陶瓷(玻璃)基复合材料中比较成功的一个系统。在碳纤维/石英复合材料中,石英玻璃的析晶将明显地影响复合材料的烧结及其性能。本文通过热分析、X 射线衍射和分析电镜等手段,对不向温度下热压烧结的碳纤维补强石英复合材料的析晶性状进行研究。对所析出的方石英、鳞石英和硫方石英的显微结构进行了讨论,同时亦讨论了石英玻璃的析晶对复合材料烧结的影响。这一研究与讨论将为复合材料制备工艺提供依据。     

钛基复合材料的研究与发展

系统介绍了钛基复合材料的最新研究和发展,涉及非连接颗粒增强和连续纤维增强两大类钛基复合材料。     

颗粒增强镁基复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势

综述了颗粒增强镁基复合材料的研究概况,着重介绍了颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备技术,界面行为和制备热力学与动力学三大研究热点,另外,对颗粒增强镁基复合材料的增强机理及常温力学性能作了简单介绍,最后,对颗粒增强镁基复合材料的研究方向进行了一些看法和展望,指出原位颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备技术交城为制备镁基复合材料的发展趋势,镁基复合材料由于具有高的比强度,比模量和良好的耐磨性、耐高温性能和减震性能,在航空航天,特别是汽车工业具有在的应用前景和广阔的市场。     

颗粒增强钛基复合材料研究进展

综述了颗粒增强钛基复合材料的研究现状,从增强体、基体合金选择,材料制备方法,机械性能,应用童话土产中方面,详细阐述了颗粒增强钛基复合材料的特点,并指出了今后颗粒基复合材料的研究方向。     

钛基复合材料及其制备技术研究进展

综述了钛基复合材料及其制备技术,重点介绍了纤维增强钛基复合材料(FTMCs)和颗粒增强钛基复合材料(PTMCs)的制备技术,分析了各种制备技术的优缺点.研究表明:纤维涂层法具有纤维分布均匀,纤维与界面反应小,复合材料性能优异等优点,是一种很有前景的FTMCs的制备技术.原位合成工艺制备的PTMCs避免了界面反应,界面清洁、结合强度高,可以明显提高PTMCs的力学性能.     

镁基复合材料的制备技术进展

镁基复合材料具有低的密度、优异的力学性能和物理性能,在汽车、航空航天等领域的应用需求日益增加,成为近年来新材料领域的研究热点。介绍了镁基复合材料基体的分类和不同的增强体类型,论述了镁基复合材料的制备方法及应用现状,并对镁基复合材料的发展进行了展望。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的增强增韧机理

大量的研究数据表明,聚合物基纳米复合材料具有同时增强增韧效果。结合环氧树脂／二氧化硅和聚酰亚胺／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究工作和有关文献综述了聚合物基纳米复合材料的各种增强增韧机理,包括物理化学作用和微裂纹化及裂缝与银纹相互转化增强增韧机理、临界基体层厚度增韧机理、物理交联点增强增韧机理,并对不同的纳米复合材料体系的实验结果进行了合理的解释。最后展望了这些机理在聚合物基纳米复合材料设计与应用中的指导作用。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备方法及研究现状

简单介绍了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的强化机理,重点概述了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法及其研究现状,包括搅拌铸造法、液态金属浸渗法、喷射沉积法、粉末冶金法、原位合成法,并总结了各自的优缺点,最后提出了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究趋向。     

连续Sic纤维应用概况

介绍了连续ＳｉＣ纤维在耐热材料和聚合物基，金属基，陶瓷基复合材料中的应用研究现状。     

先进树脂基复合材料发展现状和面临的挑战

先进树脂基复合材料已经成为一类最重要的航空航天结构材料。主要介绍了国内外先进树脂基复合材料增强纤维、树脂基体、制造技术和结构功能一体化技术的发展,以及先进树脂基复合材料的考核应用状况,并讨论分析了先进树脂基复合材料的发展趋势与面临的机遇和挑战。先进树脂基复合材料发展目前面临的机遇与挑战有:树脂基复合材料继续向高性能化发展;结构功能一体化树脂基复合材料呈现多功能化和尖端化趋势;基于多尺度建模和表征的复合材料设计技术迎来极其重要的发展机遇;多功能化成为未来碳纳米复合材料发展的重要目标;环境友好催生绿色复合材料、热塑性复合材料以及高效循环再利用技术;智能复合材料技术支撑更大、更集成化复合材料整体结构的可靠应用;“互联网”时代复合材料将面临研究方式的深刻变革。      

Nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials

Research and development in nanostructured materials is one of the most intensely studied areas in science. As a result of concerted R & D efforts, nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials have achieved commercial success. Specific examples of novel industrially important nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials are provided. Advantages of nanocrystalline magnetic materials in the context of both materials and devices are discussed. Several high technology examples of the use of nanostructured magnetic materials are presented. Methods of processing nanostructured materials are described and the examples of sol gel, rapid solidification and powder injection moulding as potential processing methods for making nanostructured materials are outlined. Some opportunities and challenges are discussed.     

材料信息学的研究现状及发展趋势分析

材料信息学属于材料科学和信息科学的交叉学科,在组合材料科学、材料设计和新材料发现等领域中得到了广泛的应用.从材料信息的数据量和复杂性的大大提高,谈到了材料科学面临的四大难题和挑战,阐述了材料信息学出现的背景,列举了材料信息学的概念,提出了材料信息学的主要研究内容.对材料信息学的国内外研究及应用现状进行了综述,最后针对存在的问题分析了材料信息学的发展趋势.     

石墨烯基材料的生物医用性能及其应用

石墨烯基材料由于具有优异的物理和化学性能,近年来获得了广泛的研究和应用。介绍了石墨烯基材料及其生物特性,讨论了石墨烯材料产生毒性的影响因素和预防措施,对石墨烯基材料在生物医用领域(如药物载体、生物传感器、光热治疗和组织工程材料)的应用情况进行了论述,并对石墨烯基材料的研究发展方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

Recent Progress of Three-dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) Materials in Photocatalytic Applications: A Review

In recent years, three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials have attracted tremendous interest in the field of photocatalysis due to the periodic spatial structure and unique physicochemical properties of 3DOM catalysts. In this review, the fundamentals and principles of 3DOM photocatalysts are briefly introduced, including the overview of 3DOM materials, the photocatalytic principles based on 3DOM materials, and the advantages of 3DOM materials in photocatalysis. The preparation methods of 3DOM materials are also presented. The structure and properties of 3DOM materials and their effects on photocatalytic performance are briefly summarized. More importantly, 3DOM materials, as a supported catalyst, are extensively employed to combine with various common materials, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and carbon materials, to enhance photocatalytic performance. Finally, the prospects and challenges for the development of 3DOM materials in the field of photocatalysis are presented.     

Design Principles for Aqueous Interactive Materials: Lessons from Small Molecules and Stimuli-Responsive Systems

Interactive materials are at the forefront of current materials research with few examples in the literature. Researchers are inspired by nature to develop materials that can modulate and adapt their behavior in accordance with their surroundings. Stimuli-responsive systems have been developed over the past decades which, although often described as “smart,” lack the ability to act autonomously. Nevertheless, these systems attract attention on account of the resultant materials' ability to change their properties in a predicable manner. These materials find application in a plethora of areas including drug delivery, artificial muscles, etc. Stimuli-responsive materials are serving as the precursors for next-generation interactive materials. Interest in these systems has resulted in a library of well-developed chemical motifs; however, there is a fundamental gap between stimuli-responsive and interactive materials. In this perspective, current state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials are outlined with a specific emphasis on aqueous macroscopic interactive materials. Compartmentalization, critical for achieving interactivity, relies on hydrophobic, hydrophilic, supramolecular, and ionic interactions, which are commonly present in aqueous systems and enable complex self-assembly processes. Relevant examples of aqueous interactive materials that do exist are given, and design principles to realize the next generation of materials with embedded autonomous function are suggested.     

隐身材料的研究进展

根据隐身原理，概述了隐身材料的研究现状和发展概况。重点介绍了雷达隐身材料、红外隐身材料、激光隐身材料，以及多波段复合隐身材料现状及研究进展。肯定了目前隐身材料方面取得的一些进展，指出今后隐身材料的发展会向着质轻、带宽、高效、耐久的方向发展，而且多波段兼容的隐身材料也会是未来隐身材料发展的趋势。     

材料科学技术的生长点

本文评述了当代材料科学技术的情况及今后发展趋向。全文包括以下三方面内容:1.今后高速发展的材料领域,包括信息材料、能源材料、材料的有效利用;2.材料科学前沿举例,包括高温超导材料、低维材料、高强度材料、生物材料等;3.今后发展趋势,并对我国材料科学技术的发展提出了见解。     

生物医用眼科材料的研究

主要综述了用于眼科的生物医用材料的种类、结构特点及其在眼科中应用的性能,重点介绍了用于人工角膜的光学镜柱材料和支架材料、人工晶状体材料、人工玻璃体材料、人工眼球义眼台和义眼材料、人工泪道和泪液材料、角膜接触镜材料及眼科药物载体材料,展望了生物医用眼科材料的发展方向.     

新型轻质雷达吸波材料的应用研究及进展

综述了目前国内外轻质雷达吸波材料的研究动态,详细介绍了具有发展前景的空心微珠吸波材料、碳纳米管吸波材料、导电高聚物吸波材料、纳米吸波材料和智能隐身材料等新型轻质雷达吸波材料的隐身机理及最新研究状况,并对雷达隐身材料应用技术的未来做了展望.     

Materials science and materials engineering education

The report deals with the complex of problems concerning education of materials scientists and materials engineers. The development of materials science is described. It is attempted to estimate the future demand for materials scientists and materials engineers. Educational and organizational aspects of materials science and materials engineering in higher education are discussed. A selection of topics forming a possible core for materials science and materials engineering studies is presented. Finally, university-industry relations in the field of materials are discussed. A survey of materials programs in 133 higher education establishments in 13 countries has been made. The results of this survey are not included in the report, but they are available from OECD on request.