基于分布式射频MEMS移相器电容开关的分析与设计

通过分析MEMS电容开关的工作原理,设计出一种适合分布式射频MEMS移相器电路的新型电容开关.采用Intel lisuiteTM软件优化电容开关的驱动电压、响应时间、释放时间和机械振动模式.结果表明,开关驱动电压为2.5 V、响应时间小于30μs,释放时间大于60 μs和所有振动模式固有频率都大于15 KHz.与普通开关结构比较,该新型电容开关结构具有优越射频机电性能和响应时间,同时也对电容开关的制备工艺进行分析.     

低驱动电压k波段电容耦合式RFMEMS开关的设计

设计了一种低驱动电压的电容耦合式射频微机械(RF MEMS)开关.RF MEMS开关采用共面波导传输线,双电极驱动,悬空金属膜采用弹性折叠梁支撑.使用MEMS CAD软件CoventorWare、微波CAD软件HFSS,分别仿真了开关的力学性能和电磁性能,仿真结果表明:开关的驱动电压为2.5V,满足低驱动电压的设计目标;开关开态的插入损耗约为0.23 dB@20 GHz,关态的隔离度约为18.1 dB@20 GHz.最后给出了这种RF MEMS开关的微制造工艺.     

RF MEMS开关的静电斥力驱动研究

针对射频微机电系统(RF MEMS)开关工作时因介质充电而发生“粘连”失效的问题,提出了利用静电斥力驱动替代传统的静电引力驱动方式,使RF MEMS开关在工作时介质层不存在电势差,从根源上消除介质充电.通过COMSOL仿真软件,分析了静电斥力的产生机理,重点探究了静电斥力驱动结构中尺寸参数对可动极板位移的影响,并通过结构优化有效降低了驱动电压,为开关后续设计提供了参考.     

悬臂梁接触式RF MEMS开关的关键工艺研究

采用厚度为2μm的Au制作成共平面波导（CPW）、聚酰亚胺作为牺牲层、PECVD法淀积Si3N4薄膜作为悬臂梁,制作成悬臂梁接触式RF MEMS开关。着重对开关的关键工艺-CPV的Au剥离工艺和悬臂梁制作工艺进行研究,讨论了工艺中存在的问题及其解决方法。通过实验获得较佳的工艺参数,并制作出驱动电压为12-20V的悬臂梁接触式RF MEMS开关。     

RF MEMS开关在牺牲层工艺上的改进

通过对传统的RF MEMS开关采取在信号线上电镀桥墩、改进桥梁的形状以及在桥背面设计接触点的新颖方法,使得RF MEMS开关的下拉电压减小、开关时间缩短和可靠性提高.在工艺上,特别采用了对聚酰亚胺牺牲层进行全刻蚀和半刻蚀的改进加工流程来实现桥背面的接触点.测试结果表明:开关的下拉电压为28V,最低开关时间为0.8μs,开关寿命达7×105次,0～10GHz的插入损耗在0～0.5dB,隔离度为35～45dB.     

发展中的RF MEMS开关技术

从驱动方式和机械结构的角度介绍了不同的RF MEMS开关类型,分析了各类MEMS开关的性能及优缺点,分析了MEMS开关在制作和发展中面临的牺牲层技术、封装技术、可靠性问题等关键技术和问题,介绍了MEMS开关的发展现状及其在组件级和系统级的应用,以及对MEMS开关技术的展望。     

欧姆接触式RF MEMS开关设计与仿真

利用表面微加工工艺设计了一种双悬臂梁支撑的欧姆接触式MEMS开关,开关的材料为Au。通过对开关驱动电压的理论分析得出,悬臂梁的刚度越低,下拉电压就会越小;又因为刚度与悬臂梁厚度的三次方呈比例,所以,降低刚度最有效的办法就是减少梁的厚度。通过对开关的性能仿真发现:开关的闭合电压为44V;触点的接触力为22.45μN;谐振频率为25.5kHz。开关闭合时,触点接触后并非立即稳定,而是要弹跳数次后才趋于稳定,此现象增加了开关从闭合到稳定的时间。驱动电压为50,60 V时开关的弹跳时间分别为174.94,66.84μs,由此可见,通过适当增加电压可有效降低开关时间和由闭合到稳定的时间。     

RF MEMS电容式开关结构层释放技术

研究了RF MEMS开关的制造工艺流程和聚酰亚胺牺牲层的去除工艺。在开关的设计和加工中采用在信号线两侧的地线上生长一层绝缘介质层,直流偏置线生成在绝缘介质层之上,与桥的锚点相连接,实现了交直流隔离。讨论了干法刻蚀和湿法刻蚀牺牲层技术。干法刻蚀容易造成绝缘介质层的刻蚀和损伤。采用湿法刻蚀结合临界点干燥技术,可以获得理想的微梁结构。通过测试,开关样品的下拉电压为34 V～40 V,下拉距离为(1.7±0.2)μm,满足设计要求。     

宽带直接接触式RF MEMS开关

本文提出一种静电驱动直接接触式宽带MEMS开关,包含CPW传输线、双U型金属悬臂梁、触点和锚区,兼顾了开关接触可靠、克服微结构粘连和低驱动电压三大结构可靠性设计因素。本开关为三端口开关,使用低温表面微机械工艺,制作在400μm厚的高阻硅衬底上,芯片尺寸0.8mm×0.9mm。样品在片测试结果表明,在6GHz频点,开关本征损耗0.1dB,隔离度24.8dB,等效开关接触电阻0.6Ω,关态电容6.4fF,开关时间47μs,开关驱动电压为20-60V。     

RF MEMS悬臂梁开关的设计与仿真

利用有限元软件HFSS和ANSYS系统研究了串联MEMS开关的微波性能和力学性能与其结构参数之间的关系,并在此基础上优化出悬臂梁开关的几何结构参数,设计了RF MEMS开关,实验表明：在外施电压为10V左右时,悬臂梁的挠度可达3μm左右,5GHz时,回波损耗小于0．2dB,隔离度大于35dB。     

A low-voltage lateral MEMS switch with high RF performance

MEMS switches are one of the most promising future micromachined products that have attracted numerous research efforts in recent years. The majority of MEMS switches reported to date employ electrostatic actuation, which requires large actuation voltages. Few are lateral relays and those often require nonstandard post process, and none of them is intended for high-frequency applications. We have developed an electrothermally actuated lateral-contact microrelay for RF applications. It is designed and fabricated on both low-resistivity and high-resistivity silicon substrate using surface micromachining techniques. The microrelay utilizing the parallel six-beam actuator requires an actuation voltage of 2.5-3.5 V. Time response is measured to be 300 /spl mu/s and maximum operating frequency is 2.1 kHz. The RF signal line has a current handling capability of approximately 50 mA. The microrelay's power consumption is in the range of 60-100 mW. The lateral contact mechanism of the microrelay provides a high RF performance. The microrelay has an off-state isolation of -20 dB at 40 GHz and an insertion loss of -0.1 dB up to 50 GHz. The simplicity of this 4-mask fabrication process enables the possibility of integrating the microrelay with other passive RF MEMS components.     

Reliability design of thermally actuated MEMS switches based on V-shape beams

This paper presents the design and fabrication of the thermally actuated MEMS switches based on out-of-plane V-beams. The purpose of this research is to analyze the mechanical response of a V-thermal actuator fabricated from aluminum in order to improve the accuracy in response and to increase the switch lifetime. The actuation of this kind of switches is based on the thermal displacement of the mobile electrode under thermal load that is generated when the actuation voltage is applied. It can be used either as a capacitive switch or as a metal-to-metal one. The displacement of the mobile electrode for a given temperature is analytically calculated and validated both numerically and experimentally. Experimental investigations are performed on a macro-scale sample using a 3D digital image correlation measuring system, a heating source and a thermal camera for temperature monitoring. The first fabrication steps of the MEMS switch based on the V-beam thermal actuator are presented. The out-of-plane V-beams thermal MEMS switches can be monolithically integrated in RF applications.

     

Design and modeling of a novel RF MEMS series switch with low actuation voltage

This paper presents the design, analysis, modeling and simulation of a novel RF MEMS series switches with low actuation voltage. A mechanical modeling is presented to describe the behavior of the series switch. The switch is designed with special mechanical structures. The novel mechanical and mathematical modeling of the switch leads to calculation of the accurate actuation voltage. The spring constant has been calculated in relation to the presence of the residual stress in the beam. The calculated spring constant for this beam is used to determine the accurate actuation voltage. The size of the switch is 60 × 110 µm². The designed RF MEMS series switch was simulated using Intellisuite MEMS tool. He calculated actuation voltage is 4.05 V and simulated one is 4.2 V for 0.6 µm beam thickness. The calculated result is also very close with simulated one. The proposed switch compared with other electrostatic switches has low actuation voltage and small size. The RF characteristics were simulated using HFSS software and the switch has good RF performance. The insertion loss of 0.067 dB, return loss of 26 dB and isolation of 16 dB were achieved at 40 GHz.     

折叠梁平面角对电容式RFMEMS开关性能的影响

低驱动电压电容式RFMEMS开关采用弹性拆叠梁支撑可变电容活动极板,使开关弹性结构具有很小的弹性系数,但也降低了开关的一阶模态谐振频率,致使开关无法获得较高的开关速度。提出了通过调整弹性折叠梁平面角微调弹性结构弹性系数的方法,在保证开关具有低驱动电压的同时,尽可能提高弹性结构的一阶模态谐振频率。仅改变弹性折叠梁平面角的大小,对其分别为0°,45°,90°的具体开关结构,应用MEMSCAD软件CoventorWare进行机电耦合仿真,定性分析了弹性折叠梁平面角对微结构弹性系数的影响。仿真结果表明：改变弹性折叠梁平面角大小,可以微调电容式RFMEMS开关的驱动电压和一阶模态谐振频率。     

A Self-Aligned Fabrication Process for Capacitive Fixed-Fixed Beam RF MEMS Components

A self-aligned fabrication process for capacitive fixed-fixed beam RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS) components is disclosed. It enables the scaling of the critical dimensions and reduces the number of processing steps by 40% compared with a conventional RF MEMS fabrication process. RF MEMS varactors with beam lengths of 30 are demonstrated by using the self-aligned fabrication process, and the performance of a four-by-four RF MEMS varactor bank is discussed as well. At 20 GHz, the measured capacitance values range between 180.5 and 199.2 fF. The measured capacitance ratio is 1.15 when a driving voltage of 35 V is applied, and the measured loaded -factor ranges between 14.5 and 10.8. The measured cold-switched power handling is 200 mW.     

Design and simulation of a thermally actuated MEMS switch for microwave circuits

The design, modeling, and optimization of a novel, thermally actuated CMOS‐MEMS switch are presented in this article. This series capacitive MEMS switch solves the substrate loss and down‐state capacitance degradation problems commonly plaguing MEMS switches. The switch uses finger structure for capacitive coupling. The vertical bending characteristic of bimorph cantilever beams under different temperatures is utilized to turn the switch on and off. A set of electrical, mechanical, and thermal models is established, and cross‐domain electro‐thermo‐mechanical simulations are performed to optimize the design parameters of the switch. The fabrication of the switch is completely CMOS‐process compatible. The design is fabricated using the AMI 0.6 μm CMOS process and a maskless reactive‐ion etching process. The measured results show the insertion loss and isolation are 1.67 and 33 dB, respectively, at 5.4 GHz, and 0.36 and 23 dB at 10 GHz. The actuation voltage is 25 V and the power consumption is 480 mW. This switch has a vast number of applications in the RF/microwave field, such as configurable voltage control oscillators, filters, and configurable matching networks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

一种改进的矿井区域选择性联锁保护方案设计

针对井下综保开关因生产厂家不同和型号不同而存在的保护响应时间长、响应时间不确定等问题,在分析传统区域选择性联锁保护方案的基础上,提出了一种改进方案:将智能控制模块的开关闭锁信号接口串联在综保开关的脱扣信号回路中,采用1∶1霍尔型电流传感器从原保护装置的电流互感器的副边取电流信号作为智能控制模块采集的信号,直接通过电流传感器检测故障电流,使得各级保护响应不受综保开关的影响。测试表明,改进方案中智能控制模块的响应时间为800μs,明显优于传统方案。