P(AA-co-MPC)修饰超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备与表征

以丙烯酸(AA)和2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱(MPC)为单体,采用RAFT聚合合成系列共聚物(P(AA-co-MPC)),并通过化学共沉淀法制备P(AA-co-MPC)表面修饰的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子。利用1H NMR,FTIR,GPC,TG,TEM,XRD,Zeta电位及粒度分析仪和Squid-VSM磁性测量系统等手段对共聚物和纳米粒子进行表征。结果表明:采用RAFT聚合成功合成了窄分子量分布的P(AA-co-MPC),磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面含有修饰基团;单体摩尔比(AA∶MPC)为1∶1时合成的共聚物修饰磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的分散性最好,具有最小的水合粒径(36.54±4.00)nm和最窄的粒径分布,最高的Zeta电位(-30.98±1.25)mV,饱和磁化强度为65.57A·m^2·kg^-1,剩磁和矫顽力均为零,具有超顺磁性。     

环糊精功能化的Fe_3O_4@Au纳米粒子

制备了Fe3O4@Au纳米粒子,再通过两步法制备了全-6-硫代-β-环糊精,并用自组装法将β-环糊精修饰在纳米粒子表面,获得了环糊精功能化的Fe3O4@Au纳米粒子(Fe3O4@Au-β-CD)。实验发现,外界磁场作用下,复合纳米粒子具有快速响应性能;Fe3O4@Au-β-CD的紫外可见光谱中出现了Au特征吸收峰;透射电镜显示该粒子形貌呈球形,粒径在15.5nm左右;X射线光电子能谱中表明β-CD已修饰到纳米粒子表面;通过分别对比修饰前后Au、S的单谱,可知是β-CD通过Au-S键修饰到Fe3O4@Au表面;Fe3O4@Au-β-CD的红外光谱中出现了β-CD的特征峰,而且巯基吸收峰消失,确证了β-CD修饰到粒子表面;热重分析表明粒子表面β-CD的含量约为26.4%。     

两水亲性嵌段共聚物修饰Fe_3O_4磁纳米粒子的一步合成及性能表征

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合,合成了两水亲性嵌段共聚物聚(4乙烯基吡啶)-b-聚(甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯)(P4VP-b-PMAPEG)和聚(丙烯酸)-b-聚(甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯)(PAA-bPMAPEG),通过多元醇还原法制备了两水亲性嵌段共聚物修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子。并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对磁纳米粒子进行表征。结果表明,嵌段共聚物修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子为大小均匀的球状颗粒,其粒径在10~20nm。振动样品磁强计测试结果显示,在室温、外加磁场下,经PAA-b-PMAPEG及P4VP-bPMAPEG修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的饱和磁化强度分别为63.1A·m2/kg和50.2A·m2/kg,该磁纳米粒子均呈现超顺磁性。     

超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒的制备及修饰

利用2-吡咯烷酮和乙酰丙酮铁为原料制备出Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,选择偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(NH2C3H6Si(OC2H5)3)对磁性材料进行了表面修饰.经XRD、TEM、VSM、FT-IR测试结果表明,制备出的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子粒径均一(8～10nm)、结晶度高、磁响应较强;通过控制反应回流时间,可以改变粒子的大小;经表面改性以后,-OH、-NH、-NH2、-C-O、-C-OH等多种功能基团负载到磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面,增强了微球的生物相容性.     

单分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备与改性的研究进展

Fe3 O4纳米粒子作为纳米材料的一种,由于其独特的光、电、磁、热性能而备受关注.综述了近几年Fe3 O4纳米粒子的制备方法,如共沉淀法、热分解法、微乳液法、水热法、氧化沉淀法、超声辅助法、溶胶-凝胶法等,同时论述了目前较受关注、研究较多的Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面修饰,以及水、油基Fe3O4纳米粒子的相转移,并展望了其进一步的研究.     

单分散Fe3O4@SiO2/Au复合纳米颗粒的制备

制备了尺寸为30nm,具有磁响应的单分散Fe3O4@SiO2/Au核壳纳米颗粒,并研究其光学性质。首先利用热分解法制备油酸修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子,再用反相微乳法制备Fe3O4@SiO2纳米粒子,最后利用表面修饰的氨基还原性,获得Fe3O4@SiO2/Au核壳复合纳米颗粒。分别用TEM、XRD、Zeta电位与粒度分析仪对产物形貌、结构、表面电位和粒径分布进行表征,用紫外-可见分光光度计对光学性质进行了测试。     

相反转工艺制备Fe_3O_4/P(St-BA)复合微球的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了油酸修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并采用相反转工艺制备了Fe3O4/P(St-BA)复合微球。用透射电镜(TEM)和热失重(TGA)方法表征了Fe3O4纳米粒子、Fe3O4/P(St-BA)复合微球的形貌和Fe3O4含量。TEM显示大部分Fe3O4粒子被包覆在复合微球内部,同时有部分Fe3O4粒子嵌在微球表面。研究表明:Fe3O4/P(St-BA)复合微球具有良好的磁响应性,油酸量为0.4g修饰的Fe3O4粒子在混合单体中分散效果好。粒度测试结果显示转相水体系中聚乙烯醇和十二烷基硫酸钠复配制备的微球粒径较小且分布较窄;转相过程提高转速微球平均粒径变小,粒度分布变窄。     

磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面巯基化与表征

采用化学共沉约30nm的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,并采用3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(MPTES)将Fe3O4纳米粒子表面修饰上巯基(-SH)官能团,获得了表面巯基化的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、带有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)以及磁学测量系统(MPMS)对粒子的结构和性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明:表面巯基化后的磁性粒子粒径略有增加,室温下磁化强度由原来的64emu/g变为62emu/g,较好地保留了原始磁性特征.本研究结果对巯基化磁性纳米粒子实现生物分子结合、固定负载乃至生物传感的应用具有重要意义.     

两水亲性嵌段共聚物修饰Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成及表征

本文通过共沉淀法,合成了两水亲性嵌段共聚物聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)-b-聚(苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐)(PVP-b-PSMA)修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子。并利用动态光散射法(DLS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对磁纳米粒子进行表征。结果表明,嵌段共聚物修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子与纯Fe3O4磁纳米粒子比较,分布更分散,为大小均匀的球状颗粒,其粒径在100nm左右。振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试结果显示,在室温、外加磁场下,该磁纳米粒子呈现超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度为55emuΠg。以上结果表明Fe3O4磁纳米粒子有望应用于磁靶向药物控释、热疗、酶的固定、生物分离等生物医学领域。     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的醋酸改性对其催化高氯酸铵热分解的影响

利用表面改性法对Fe2O3纳米粒子进行醋酸改性,用TEM和纳米粒度测试仪对Fe2O3纳米粒子进行了形貌和粒度表征,用FTIR和XPS对改性后的Fe2O3纳米粒子进行了结构表征,用DTA研究了醋酸改性处理对Fe2O3纳米粒子的高氯酸铵(AP)热分解催化性能的影响.结果表明,用凝胶-溶胶法制备了平均粒径为40nm,窄粒度分布的Fe2O3纳米粒子,醋酸改性处理改善了Fe2O3纳米粒子的分散性.FTIR和XPS结果表明,Fe2O3纳米粒子与醋酸分子发生了化学键合.DTA结果表明,Fe2O3纳米粒子的醋酸改性能提高Fe2O3纳米粒子的AP热分解催化性能;随着Fe2O3纳米粒子含量的增加,醋酸改性的效果越明显.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.