60kW风力发电机组噪声测试实验的研究

按照IEC 61400-11-2012《风力发电机组噪声测量方法》,在山东东营"中小型风力发电机组野外测试场"对额定功率为60 k W的某型号风力发电机组进行噪声测试;并且对测试采集到的数据进行A计权视在声功率级、1/3倍频程谱和音调分析。研究表明:风力发电机组运行时噪声随风速增加呈近似线性增长,背景噪声随风速增加呈非线性增长,本风力发电机组噪声的主要成分是200~2500 Hz的宽带噪声;6300 Hz的非正常高频音调是机组变流器产生的电磁噪声。     

小型风力机测试标准综述

小型风力发电机能有效解决电网不能覆盖偏远地区农牧民的用电问题。但目前市场上的小风机质量参差不齐,加之农牧民缺乏对小风机技术的了解,因此保证小风机产品质量和农牧民利益问题亟待解决。风力发电机组测试认证标准为保证风力发电行业的健康发展发挥了重要作用,世界各国都在建立和完善本国的测试认证标准。本文介绍了现有关于小型风力机的测试标准,包括IEC 61400-2《小型风力发电机组设计要求》、IEC 61400-11:2006《噪声测试》、IEC 61400-12-1《功率性能测试》、《AWEA9.1小型风力发电机组性能与安全标准》、《BWEA小型风力发电机组性能与安全标准》,并在此基础上分析各标准在测试方法和数据处理上的差别。     

风力发电机组噪声模式的优化设计

以风力发电机组噪声模式为研究对象,耦合基于经验的风力发电机组叶片噪声BPM模型和叶素动量理论,综合考虑噪声辐射和发电量,以风力发电机组噪声声功率级为约束条件,发电量最大化为优化目标,提出大型风力发电机组的噪声模式多学科优化设计方法。基于该方法设计WD115-2000机型的噪声模式,结果表明,风力发电机组噪声声功率级降低1.3～4.8 dB,年发电量损失1%～7%,较传统的降转速方案提升年发电量1.2～2.2%。     

小型风力发电机组叶片模态分析

小型风力发电机组的叶片常年承受动态荷载。为研究其动力特性,以某小型风力发电机组叶片为研究对象,通过叶片振动试验测试其频率和振型,并运用ANSYS有限元分析软件建模分析其模态,有限元结果与试验结果接近。该文的研究可为小型风力发电机组叶片动力特性分析提供参考。     

小型风力发电机耐久性测试实验的研究

对3 k W风力发电机进行耐久性测试技术方法分析和测试实验的研究。按照耐久性测试的要求,对机组的时间可利用率测试方法进行分析,得到统计数据;并研究了该风力发电机的发电能力,发现无功率衰减的趋势。实验顺利完成,得到了大量的实验数据和丰富的工程实践经验。     

MW级风力发电机组载荷测试方法研究

风力发电机组塔筒屈曲、叶片折断的主要原因是风力发电机组的实际载荷过大、疲劳强度不够等。为了避免此类情况发生,需要对风力发电机组的载荷情况进行测试。风力发电机组载荷测试是风力发电机组型式试验之一。风力发电机组各个部件的载荷直接影响到风电机组的寿命与安全。载荷测试可以让风电机组制造商与风电场运营商了解风力发电机组在不同的载荷工况下各个部件的结构响应情况。基于IEC 61400-13标准,介绍了一种风力发电机组载荷测试方法,并给出了部分测试结果。测试结果表明,该测试方法的精度可以满足相关标准的要求。     

基于风力发电机组载荷测试的设计载荷验证

根据风力发电机组型式认证及试验相关要求,介绍了一种应用风力发电机组载荷测试方法对仿真设计进行验证的实例。结合实际测试的外部条件,如风速、风向、温度、气压等以及风力发电机组本身的电气模型,运用BLADED软件进行计算与仿真,得到启机、正常停机、脱网、超速等不同工况下的载荷仿真结果。通过仿真结果与测试结果的对比,验证风力发电机组的设计载荷。同时,通过比较20年疲劳载荷谱,可以对风力发电机组的使用寿命与安全性进行确认,该研究对于优化风力发电机组的载荷设计具有重要意义。     

轻轨车辆噪声特性分析

对轻轨车辆噪声进行了特性分析，并采用噪声分析系统对轻轨车辆进行了噪声测试。分析得出：噪声主要分布在车厢的上方和前方，即空调处和受电弓下方；在会车时，噪声较大，尤其是空调处密封效果不太理想，需要加强；在弯道处，主要的问题是轮轨噪声和车顶的受电弓噪声。其研究结果为轻轨车辆减振和降噪设计提供了依据。     

小型风力发电机组的噪声危害及预防

小型风力发电机组的噪声危害及预防河北省乐亭县新能源办公室张守元，陈玉凤河北省乐亭县水利局试验站张德忠小型风力发电机组的工作过程是：首先将风能转变为机械能，再由机械能转变为电能，最后电能转变为化学能。在这些能量转化的过程中，每个环节都会产生噪声。一台合...     

基于电阻应变效应的兆瓦级风力发电机运行荷载研究

针对传统风力发电机运行荷载研究方法未明确荷载与电信号之间的线性关系,导致最终的运行荷载测试结果精度不足,提出一种基于电阻应变效应的兆瓦级风力发电机运行荷载研究方法。在明确兆瓦级风力发电机整体结构的基础上,组建惠斯通电桥,测量叶片根部应变程度,获取相应弯矩,采集荷载数据;采用电阻应变片测量叶片的运行形变,并计算电阻应变效应,得到荷载与电信号之间的线性关系,完成兆瓦级风力发电机整机运行荷载测试。实验结果表明,该方法测试精度较高、稳定性较好,能够为复杂地形发电机的稳定运行提供技术支持。     

基于NACEMD-Elman神经网络的风功率组合预测

在电力系统中风电装机容量增长的背景下,高精度的超短期风功率预测是保证系统可靠运行的重要基础。为此,提出一种以复数据经验模态分解的噪声辅助信号分解法(NACEMD)和Elman神经网络为基础的超短期风功率组合预测方法。在风功率序列中添加白噪声,使用NACEMD将其按照不同波动尺度逐级分解,得到不同时频特性的分量,然后利用Elman神经网络对各分量建立预测模型,以各分量的不同时频特性为基准对预测结果进行叠加,得到风功率预测值。实例分析表明,提出的组合预测法既可进一步减轻现有方法中存在的模态混叠现象,具备较高的预测精度。研究成果可为风功率预测提供参考。     

陕西省金润河北镇风电场风能资源开发评估

对陕西省宝鸡市陇县金润河北镇风电场气象条件、风功率密度、平均风速、主导风向等风能参数进行分析评价。结果表明,测风塔100 m高度月平均风速、月平均风功率密度最大均出现在4月,最小均出现在8月;测风塔100 m高度主导风向为SSW(南西南),主要风能方向为SSW(南西南),风电场风功率密度等级为1级。风电场安装20台2500 kW的风电机组,装机容量50 MW,年设计发电量1.33485×108 kW·h,年出厂电量9.5426×107 kW·h。结果可为其他风电场选址和发电量估算提供参考。     

Wind turbine power and sound in relation to atmospheric stability

Atmospheric stability cannot, with respect to modern, tall wind turbines, be viewed as a ‘small perturbation to a basic neutral state’. This can be demonstrated by comparison of measured wind velocity at the height of the rotor with the wind velocity expected in a neutral or ‘standard’ atmosphere. Atmospheric stability has a significant effect on wind shear and increases the power production substantially relative to a neutral atmosphere. This conclusion from Dutch data is corroborated by other published wind shear data from the temperate climate zone. The increase in wind shear due to atmospheric stability also has a significant effect on the sound emission, causing it to be substantially higher than predicted from near‐ground wind velocity and a neutral atmosphere, resulting in a higher noise impact on neighbouring residences. Several measures are proposed to mitigate the noise impact. To reduce noise levels, the rotational speed can be controlled with the near‐ground wind speed or sound level as the control input. To reduce the fluctuation in the sound (‘blade thumping’), it is suggested to adjust the blade pitch angle of the rotating blades continuously. To prevent stronger fluctuations at night due to the coincidence of thumps from several turbines, it is suggested to add random variations in pitch angle, mimicking the effect of large‐scale turbulent fluctuations in daytime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of low-noise drag-type vertical wind turbines

In this study, the aerodynamic noise characteristics of Savonius wind turbines were investigated using hybrid computational aero-acoustics techniques, and low-noise designs were proposed based on the understanding of the noise generation mechanism. First, the flow field around the turbine was analyzed in detail by solving three-dimensional unsteady incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using computational fluid dynamics techniques. Then, the aerodynamic noise radiating from the wind turbine was predicted using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation with the obtained flow field information. Two distinct harmonic noise components—the blade passing frequency (BPF) and harmonics with a fundamental frequency that is much higher than the BPF—were identified in the predicted noise spectrum. The origin of the higher harmonic components was found to be related to vortex shedding from the rotating turbine. Based on this finding, the proposed low-noise design for Savonius wind turbines uses S-shaped blades. S-shaped blades were found to reduce the noise levels of Savonius wind turbines by up to 2.7 dB.     

Investigation of wind energy potentials in Brunei Darussalam

Conventional power generation mainly depends on natural gas and diesel oil in Brunei Darussalam. The power utility company is now thinking of power generation using natural wind. In this paper, wind energy, being one of the most readily available renewable energy sources, was studied. The wind characteristic, velocity and directions were studied using Weibull distribution based on the measurement of wind speed at two different locations in Brunei Darussalam. These wind speed distributions were modeled using the Wind Power program. The wind rose graph was obtained for the wind direction to analyze the wind power density onshore and offshore. Based on this analysis, it has been found that the wind speed of 3 to 5 m/s has a probability of occurrence of 40%. Besides, the annual energy production at a wind speed of 5 m/s has been found to be in the range between 1000 and 1500 kWh for both the locations in Brunei Darussalam.     

浅谈风电场的电能质量

风电场的电能质量是风电场并入电网运行的关键指标。文章从风电场的电压谐波、三相电压不平衡度和频率偏差三个方面分析了风电场的电能质量,并引用广东惠来海湾石风电场的实测数据,说明风电场的电能质量能够满足公用电网电能质量的要求。     

Power curve measurement with a nacelle mounted lidar

Nacelle‐based lidars are an attractive alternative to conventional mast base reference wind instrumentation where the erection of a mast is expensive, for example offshore. In this paper, the use of this new technology for the specific application of wind turbine power performance measurement is tested. A pulsed lidar prototype, measuring horizontally, was installed on the nacelle of a multi‐megawatt wind turbine. A met mast with a top‐mounted cup anemometer standing at two rotor diameters in front of the turbine was used as a reference. After a data‐filtering step, the comparison of the 10 min mean wind speed measured by the lidar to that measured by the cup anemometer showed a deviation of about 1.4% on average. The power curve measured with the lidar was very similar to that measured with the cup anemometer although the lidar power curve was slightly distorted because of the deviation in wind speed measurements. A lower scatter in the power curve was observed for the lidar than for the mast. Since the lidar follows the turbine nacelle as it yaws, it always measures upwind. The wind measured by the lidar therefore shows a higher correlation with the turbine power fluctuations than the wind measured by the mast. Finally, the lidar is never in the wake of the turbine under test contrary to the cup anemometer; therefore, the wind sector usable for power curve measurement was larger than the sector for which the cup anemometer was not disturbed by any obstacle. The power curve obtained with the lidar for the wind sector in which the mast is in the wake of the turbine under test compared well with the power curve obtained on the standard sector. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

数据驱动的时间注意力卷积风电功率预测模型

由于风电受气象特征影响大,风能波动性和间歇性强,导致快速、精准的风电预测成为一个难题。对此,该文提出一种基于数据驱动的时间注意力卷积网络的风电功率预测方法。首先,将来自风力机和数据采集（SCADA）系统的数据进行清洗;然后采用可并行计算的时间卷积网络,并加入Attention机制突出关键特征的影响,使模型训练速度和预测精度得到有效提升。实验结果表明,该文所提方法与其他方法相比可更准确地减少数据噪声,同时有更高的预测精度和更快的训练速度。     

Current situation and development of wind power in China

The current development of wind power in China was presented in this paper. Many regions such as Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and southeast coastal region, etc. in China have abundant wind energy resource. At the same time, the utilization of wind power in China has been developing quickly and its prospect is promising in spite of many some obstacles. With the implementation of the Renewable Energy Law, some previous obstacles have been or are being eliminated. Much investment and many enterprises start to enter this field. In spite of this, there still exist some financial and technological obstacles. One of the technological obstacles is the stability of local power grid owing to the increasing proportion of the wind power capacity. Because the centralized development mode of wind power was adopted, the quick fluctuation of wind speed will influence the voltage and frequency stability of local power grid. In addition, large wind farm has little dispatching ability because of the uncontrollability, randomness and fluctuation of natural incoming wind. To erase these obstacles, a novel hybrid power system combining wind farm and small gas turbine power plants is discussed.     

大型水平轴风力机噪声的测量

阐述了风力机噪声的传播、衰减和针对噪声的评估准则,以及风力机噪声的测量原理。针对风力机噪声测量测点布置进行了优化,给出了风力机噪声的测量实验方案和装置,并且采用自由声场法对风力机噪声进行了测量,得出了风力机噪声和周围环境噪声之间的合成声压级。