壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂的研究进展

壳聚糖是自然界中唯一存在的碱性多糖,具有生物可降解性、生物相容性、安全性和抗菌性等优良性能,由于壳聚糖所具有的抗菌性能,其在伤口缝合、处理植物种子、消毒剂、洗手液等方面获得了广泛的应用.季铵盐型壳聚糖衍生物材料是提高壳聚糖抗菌性的重要方向之一,也是抗菌材料研究的热点领域.本文综述了国内外有关壳聚糖季铵盐的不同制备方法,...     

壳聚糖的溶解行为及其纤维研究进展

近年来,随着天然大分子多糖在材料领域的不断研究应用,纤维素、壳聚糖等逐渐引起了人们的广泛关注。由于其自身优异的生物相容性、抗菌性以及可降解性,壳聚糖吸引了众多研究者的高度重视,在医疗、食品、环境工程等领域的研究和应用均取得了可观的进展。首先从壳聚糖的溶液性质研究出发,分别介绍了脱乙酰度、温度、分子量等因素对壳聚糖溶液的溶解行为的影响,重点介绍了醋酸和离子液体体系下的溶液性质,其次对壳聚糖的湿法纺丝研究进行了综述,同时对纤维性能的提高方法以及长丝的实现可能性进行了总结,最后对壳聚糖及其纤维制品的未来发展前景进行了展望。     

硫酸酯化壳聚糖衍生物在生物医学材料中的应用

壳聚糖具有优良的生物相容性和生物可降解性,被广泛地应用于生物医学领域。然而,壳聚糖的非水溶性和分子结构的高度结晶性能限制了其在组织工程中的更大作用的发挥。鉴于此,有必要对壳聚糖进行亲水改性研究。在壳聚糖衍生化改性中,硫酸酯化的壳聚糖尤为重要。它具有类肝素的抗凝效应等,这些都为壳聚糖大大扩展了其应用范围。本文就硫酸酯化壳聚糖衍生物在生物医学材料中的应用进行探讨。     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖生物复合材料的制备及应用研究进展

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合材料是近几年发展的一种新型生物复合材料,具有独特的力学性能、吸附性能、电化学性能以及抗菌性能等。本文综述了近几年来氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合材料的研究进展,简单介绍了该复合材料的制备方法,详细阐述了该复合材料在高机械强度材料、废水处理、电化学传感器、生物医学材料等领域的应用研究,最后对氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合材料在低成本、大规模制备,复合材料的结构性质以及在新领域的应用等方面进行了展望。     

壳聚糖/聚乳酸复合抗菌材料的研究现状

壳聚糖/聚乳酸复合材料由于具有良好的生物降解性、相容性和抗菌性能,因此有广阔的应用前景。论述了壳聚糖/聚乳酸复合方法,其复合后的抗菌性能,在医疗卫生、食品包装等方面的应用现状、存在的问题及发展前景。     

壳聚糖基生物可降解食品包装材料的研究进展

食品包装是确保食品安全的重要方式。壳聚糖因具有来源广泛、生物相容性、生物可降解性、抗菌性和易于成膜等优点，成为当前食品包装材料领域的研究热点。其丰富的活性表面基团可以通过多种物理和化学方法进行修饰，为此，综述了壳聚糖与不同物质复合形成食品包装薄膜的研究进展，并简要介绍了几种常用的包装薄膜的制备方法，为进一步的研究提供有意义的指导和借鉴。最后对壳聚糖基食品包装薄膜研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

壳聚糖的结构、功能及其在农业上的应用研究进展

壳聚糖具有生物相容性、生物降解性、抗菌活性和无毒性等特点,广泛应用于医学、制药、纺织等多个领域,但在农业领域壳聚糖的应用报道较少。阐述了壳聚糖的结构特征以及功能,总结了壳聚糖作为抗菌剂对植物病原菌的抑制作用和对生防菌的协同促进作用,介绍了壳聚糖在农业领域作为载体材料负载农药、肥料、土壤改良剂等应用,最后概述了壳聚糖对植物免疫防御作用的影响。壳聚糖在农业上的应用为农业生产者在改善土壤质量和提高农业生产率等问题上提供了一种新型的绿色环保方法,为可持续发展农业提供了新思路。     

壳聚糖作为药物缓释载体的应用及进展

壳聚糖是一种天然聚氨基葡萄糖,也是一种安全无毒、可生物降解的天然高分子,不但具有生物相容性,而且具有抗菌、止血、抑制癌细胞转移等作用,具有优良的生物降解性能和生物亲和性。简单介绍了壳聚糖的性能及作为药物缓释载体的生物学特点,并简要综述了其作为缓释载体的类型及研究应用。     

响应性壳聚糖微球的研究

随着绿色经济的发展, 生物可降解的天然高分子引起了人们的兴趣, 壳聚糖作为一种天然高分子材料, 具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、抗菌性、保湿性、成膜性等.近年来, 利用壳聚糖微球作为载体并将其应用于药物的可控释放以及吸附等方面的研究受到了越来越多科学研究者的关注, 尤其是在赋予壳聚糖响应性、实现其功能化等方面.综述...     

纤维素/壳聚糖复合材料的制备与应用研究进展

纤维素/壳聚糖复合材料利用纤维素提高了共混材料的力学性能,同时保持了壳聚糖优良的生物相容性和抗菌性,无毒无污染。但是二者分子内和分子间含有大量的氢键,使得在水和常规有机溶剂中很难溶解,限制了复合材料的加工和应用,离子液体的出现为二者的溶解和复合提供了新的思路。综述了纤维素/壳聚糖复合材料的制备方法、制备体系及在工业吸附、生物医疗、食品包装和纺织工业领域的应用,重点介绍了离子液体在此复合材料制备过程中的应用,以为纤维素/壳聚糖复合材料的制备工艺和应用发展提供参考。     

Low density polyethylene – Chitosan composites

With the aim of develop new materials for active food packaging, composites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with chitosan (CS) or chitosan sodium montmorillonite clay nanocomposites (CSnano), with or without Irganox 1076 commercial synthetic antioxidant or vitamin E (VE) as natural antioxidant were prepared by melt processing. The obtained materials have been characterized by processing behavior, mechanical and thermal properties, positive groups determination, atomic force microscopy and standard tests to assess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The compositions assuring insignificant decrease in mechanical and thermal properties were selected as LDPE/3CSnano/VE and LDPE/6CSnano/VE. It has been shown the chitosan imparts antimicrobial properties to LDPE films while the vitamin E increased the oxidation induction period, especially for materials containing chitosan nanocomposites. The incorporation of both chitosan nanocomposites and vitamin E in polyethylene gave films with good antimicrobial and thermal properties because of significant increase of charge surface and important changes in surface topology and antimicrobial activity because of a synergistic effect. The nanocomposites cannot only passively protect the food against environmental factors, but they may enhance shelf life of food products.     

改性壳聚糖基抗菌食品包装材料的研究进展

壳聚糖作为绿色天然的可降解材料,是塑料较为理想的替代品,也是食品包装行业的优选功能性材料。为体现壳聚糖的抗菌性在食品包装行业的应用价值,对壳聚糖的抗菌机理及抗菌性的影响因素进行梳理与分析。研究发现,壳聚糖的抗菌性不仅与其分子结构有关,还与其相对分子质量、脱乙酰化程度以及外界环境等有关;通过总结改善壳聚糖抗菌性的方法以及壳聚糖基包装材料在果蔬、肉制品等食品中的应用,发现改性后的壳聚糖在抗菌性增强的同时,阻隔性、机械性等也有一定的改善,并且该包装材料在果蔬、肉制品的食品包装中具有抗菌保鲜性。综述改性壳聚糖基抗菌食品包装材料的研究进展,以期为制备绿色抗菌性食品包装材料提供理论基础及研究思路,推动功能性食品包装材料的开发与应用。     

PEDOT∶PSS及其纳米复合材料热电性质的研究进展

近年来,随着能源危机的加剧,可以将热能与电能进行直接转换的热电材料得到了广泛的关注。在众多热电材料体系中,有机无机纳米复合热电材料具有独特优势。相比于无机材料,有机材料成本低、质量轻、机械柔韧性好、热导率较低。添加不同类型的添加材料构成纳米复合材料后,额外引入的声子-界面散射能进一步降低热导率,同时有机无机材料能带不匹配引起的载流子筛选效应进一步提升塞贝克(Seebeck)系数。因此,目前大量工作证明有机无机纳米复合热电材料有潜力获得高的热电优值(Figure of merit,ZT),在微型热电制冷器件、柔性可穿戴发电设备、温度传感器等领域均具有光明的应用前景。本文聚焦聚(3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩)∶聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT∶PSS)热电材料及以其为基底构成的纳米复合材料热电性能的研究工作,综述了提升PEDOT∶PSS热电性能的物理方法、化学试剂改性法等。进一步重点讨论了加入不同类型的无机填料的PEDOT∶PSS基纳米复合材料热电性质的研究进展,并揭示了其热电性能提升的内在机制。     

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an interesting and useful class of coordination polymers, constructed from metal ion/cluster nodes and functional organic ligands through coordination bonds, and have attracted extensive research interest during the past decades. Due to the unique features of diverse compositions, facile synthesis, easy surface functionalization, high surface areas, adjustable porosity, and tunable biocompatibility, MOFs have been widely used in hydrogen/methane storage, catalysis, biological imaging and sensing, drug delivery, desalination, gas separation, magnetic and electronic devices, nonlinear optics, water vapor capture, etc. Notably, with the rapid development of synthetic methods and surface functionalization strategies, smart MOF‐based nanocomposites with advanced bio‐related properties have been designed and fabricated to meet the growing demands of MOF materials for biomedical applications. This work outlines the synthesis and functionalization and the recent advances of MOFs in biomedical fields, including cargo (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, and dyes) delivery for cancer therapy, bioimaging, antimicrobial, biosensing, and biocatalysis. The prospects and challenges in the field of MOF‐based biomedical materials are also discussed.     

Advancement of Ag–Graphene Based Nanocomposites: An Overview of Synthesis and Its Applications

Graphene has been employed as an excellent support for metal nanomaterials because of its unique structural and physicochemical properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with exceptional properties have received considerable attention in various fields; however, particle aggregation limits its application. Therefore, the combination of AgNPs and graphene based nanocomposites (Ag–graphene based nanocomposites) has been widely explored to improve their properties and applications. Excitingly, enhanced antimicrobial, catalytic, and surface enhanced Raman scattering properties are obtained after their combination. In order to have a comprehensive knowledge of these nanocomposites, this Review highlights the chemical and biological synthesis of Ag–graphene nanocomposites. In particular, their applications as antimicrobial agents, catalysts, and sensors in biomedicine, agricultural protection, and environmental remediation and detection are covered. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the synthesis and applications are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, several important issues on the challenges and new directions are also provided for further development of these nanocomposites.     

酶固定化载体材料研究新进展

综述了近年来国内酶固定载体研究的新进展 ,介绍了纤维素及其衍生物、壳聚糖及其衍生物、凝胶材料、有机合成聚合物、磁性粒子和无机材料等在酶固定化领域中的应用。给出了上述材料固定化酶的过程和优缺点及解决方法。对酶固定化用材料的发展前景予以展望。     

Directed Assembly of Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites

Hybrid nanomaterials are molecular or colloidal‐level combinations of organic and inorganic materials, or otherwise strongly dissimilar materials. They are often, though not exclusively, anisotropic in shape. A canonical example is an inorganic nanorod or nanosheet sheathed in, or decorated by, a polymeric or other organic material, where both the inorganic and organic components are important for the properties of the system. Hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites have generated strong interest for a broad range of applications due to their functional properties. Generating macroscopic assemblies of hybrid nanomaterials and nanomaterials in nanocomposites with controlled orientation and placement by directed assembly is important for realizing such applications. Here, a survey of critical issues and themes in directed assembly of hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites is provided, highlighting recent efforts in this field with particular emphasis on scalable methods.     

Bionanocomposites: A New Concept of Ecological,Bioinspired, and Functional Hybrid Materials

Bionanocomposites represent an emerging group of nanostructured hybrid materials. They are formed by the combination of natural polymers and inorganic solids and show at least one dimension on the nanometer scale. Similar to conventional nanocomposites, which involve synthetic polymers, these biohybrid materials also exhibit improved structural and functional properties of great interest for different applications. The properties inherent to the biopolymers, that is, biocompatibility and biodegradability, open new prospects for these hybrid materials with special incidence in regenerative medicine and in environmentally friendly materials (green nanocomposites). Research on bionanocomposites can be regarded as a new interdisciplinary field closely related to significant topics such as biomineralization processes, bioinspired materials, and biomimetic systems. The upcoming development of novel bionanocomposites introducing multifunctionality represents a promising research topic that takes advantage of the synergistic assembling of biopolymers with inorganic nanometer‐sized solids.     

纳米二氧化钛/壳聚糖一维纳米复合材料制备及结构分析

无机材料纳米二氧化钛和生物材料壳聚糖在抗菌方面都有比较广泛的应用,但是二者的抑菌机理有所差别,各自在应用中也存在一定缺点和局限性.为改善性能,扩展应用,提出纳米二氧化钛/壳聚糖一维复合的概念,制备了纳米二氧化钛/壳聚糖一维纳米复合材料,并利用IR、XRD、SEM对其基本结构进行了研究.