生物可降解PLA/PHBV共混包装薄膜的热行为和力学性能研究

采用溶液铸涂法,以3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)对生物可降解聚乳酸(PLA)进行增韧改性,制备出不同配比的PLA/PHBV生物可降解共混包装薄膜,研究了PHBV的添加对共混包装薄膜的热行为和力学性能的影响规律。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试发现,随着PHBV含量的增加,共混包装薄膜的玻璃化温度(Tg)、结晶温度(Tc)和熔点(Tm)都呈现下降趋势;热重分析法(TG)测试表明,PHBV的加入使共混包装薄膜的热稳定性变差;通过力学性能测试发现,当PHBV加入后,共混包装薄膜的拉伸强度和拉伸模量降低,而断裂伸长率明显增加,薄膜的韧性得到了改善。     

PLA-g-MAH增容改性PLA/PETG共混物的结构与性能

采用熔融法制备聚乳酸接枝马来酸酐(PLA-g-MAH)用于增容改性聚乳酸/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PLA/PETG)共混物,通过傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试,考察了共混物的结构和力学性能。SEM结果显示,加入增容剂PLA-g-MAH后,PLA/PETG共混物两相间的界面明显变得模糊,说明PLA-g-MAH对共混物具有一定的增容作用;增容剂的引入,使共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲模量略有下降,但冲击强度略有提高,断裂伸长率显著提高(PLA的为6.9%,而加入3%增容剂共混物的为21.9%,提高到纯样的3倍左右),表现出良好的性能。     

可全生物降解PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料的结构与性能

为了得到刚性与韧性平衡的聚乳酸（PLA）基可生物降解共混材料,通过熔融共混挤出法制备了不同质量比的PLA/己二酸-对苯二甲酸-丁二酯共聚物（PBAT）/聚（3-羟基丁酸-co-羟基戊酸共聚酯（PHBV）可全生物降解共混材料,采用SEM、TG、DSC、毛细管流变仪和万能材料试验机对PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料的形态结构、热性能、流变性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料的热失重起始分解温度相对纯PHBV提高了45 ℃,热稳定性提高;共混体系中各组分的玻璃化转变温度与单一体系相比几乎无变化,PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混体系为完全不相容体系,同时PBAT和PHBV的加入阻碍了PLA的冷结晶;PLA/PBAT/PHBV 共混体系的共混形态呈“海-岛”分布,PBAT和PHBV均匀地分散于PLA基体中,相界面分明;随着PBAT含量增加,PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料熔体的流动性增加,温度变化对黏度的影响变大;PLA/PBAT/PHBV质量比为70/20/10的共混材料可在保留纯PLA 60%拉伸应力的同时,拉伸应变提高到纯PLA的2.6倍,韧性得到改善。所得结论表明PLA/PBAT/PHBV质量比为70/20/10的共混材料的综合力学性能较纯PLA好。      

聚乳酸/聚(羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚酯)共混物的水降解性能EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究聚(羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚酯)(PHBV)的加入对聚乳酸(PLA)降解性能的影响,采用溶液浇铸法制备了不同质量比的PLA/PHBV共混物,对其在不同pH值的PBS缓冲液中降解前后的质量损失率、吸水率、形貌、结晶和热性能变化进行了研究。结果表明,PLA/PHBV共混物的质量损失率和吸水率在碱性缓冲液中增加最快,酸性溶液中次之,中性溶液中最慢;PHBV的加入在碱性缓冲液中促进PLA的降解,在酸性和中性缓冲液中则起阻碍作用;随降解时间的延长,光滑表面变为凹凸不平并出现许多孔洞,共混物的结晶度先提高后降低,其晶型结构未发生改变;降解使共混物的熔融峰向低温偏移。     

聚乳酸/聚(羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚酯)共混物的水降解性能

为了研究聚(羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚酯)(PHBV)的加入对聚乳酸(PLA)降解性能的影响,采用溶液浇铸法制备了不同质量比的PLA/PHBV共混物,对其在不同pH值的PBS缓冲液中降解前后的质量损失率、吸水率、形貌、结晶和热性能变化进行了研究。结果表明,PLA/PHBV共混物的质量损失率和吸水率在碱性缓冲液中增加最快,酸性溶液中次之,中性溶液中最慢;PHBV的加入在碱性缓冲液中促进PLA的降解,在酸性和中性缓冲液中则起阻碍作用;随降解时间的延长,光滑表面变为凹凸不平并出现许多孔洞,共混物的结晶度先提高后降低,其晶型结构未发生改变;降解使共混物的熔融峰向低温偏移。     

PLA/PBAT/PLA-g-MAH可生物降解复合材料的形态结构与性能分析

通过熔融共混法制备马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸(PLA-g-MAH)用于改善聚乳酸/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯共混物(PLA/PBAT)的相容性,并对复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和生物降解性能进行研究。SEM结果显示,添加增容剂PLA-g-MAH后,PLA/PBAT共混物两相间的界面明显变得模糊,说明PLA-g-MAH对共混物有一定的增容作用;增容剂PLA-g-MAH的加入,使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度相比于纯PLA略有下降,但其冲击强度有一定程度的提高,断裂伸长率有显著提高,比纯PLA的断裂伸长率提高了约17倍,表现出良好的力学性能;另外,PLA-g-MAH的加入提高了共混物的生物降解性能。     

PHBV/PPC反应共混物的热性能与动态力学性能及形态结构

将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝的聚(β-羟基丁酸酯-co-β-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV-GMA)与马来酸酐封端的聚碳酸亚丙酯(MA-PPC)反应性共混。采用差示扫描量热仪、动态力学分析仪和偏光显微镜分别研究了共混物的热性能、动态力学性能和形态结构。结果发现,通过反应接枝,MA-PPC降低了PHBV的结晶度,阻碍了PHBV的结晶,PHBV部分扩散进入MA-PPC相区。PHBV球晶尺寸降低,PHBV和MA-PPC共混组分的相容性得以改善。     

PBS-g-GMA对PLA/PBS共混体系的增容性

采用熔融法制备聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的接枝物(PBS-g-GMA),并以此接枝物为增容剂,制备聚乳酸(PLA)/PBS-g-GMA/PBS共混物。用傅里叶红外光谱仪和返滴定法对接枝物的接枝率进行表征,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征共混物的形貌,并研究了GMA和过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)用量对共混物拉伸性能及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,当PBS-g-GMA中PBS/BPO/GMA份数比为100/0.5/6时,接枝率达到最大值2.81%。PBS-g-GMA的加入使共混体系有良好的相容性。当PLA/PBS-g-GMA/PBS的份数比为80/15/5,其中PBS-g-GMA中PBS/BPO/GMA为100/0.5/6时,与PLA/PBS相比,断裂伸长率由8.60%提高到63.92%,25℃时的储能模量由2.44GPa降低到2.18GPa。     

熔喷非织造用PHBV/PLA共混体系的结构与相容性

通过熔融共混法制备了不同比例的熔喷用聚(3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸共聚酯)/聚乳酸(PHBV/PLA)共混材料。用差示扫描量热法、动态热力学法、X射线衍射法和红外光谱法分别对PHBV/PLA共混体系的相容性进行了研究,并用扫描电镜观察了共混体系的相分布形态。研究表明,PHBV/PLA共混体系中两组分总体不相容,PLA对PHBV的结晶具有稀释作用,但不改变其晶型;随着共混比例的变化,共混体系呈现不同的相分布形态。     

熔喷非织造用PHBV/PLA共混体系的结构与相容性EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了不同比例的熔喷用聚(3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸共聚酯)/聚乳酸(PHBV/PLA)共混材料。用差示扫描量热法、动态热力学法、X射线衍射法和红外光谱法分别对PHBV/PLA共混体系的相容性进行了研究,并用扫描电镜观察了共混体系的相分布形态。研究表明,PHBV/PLA共混体系中两组分总体不相容,PLA对PHBV的结晶具有稀释作用,但不改变其晶型;随着共混比例的变化,共混体系呈现不同的相分布形态。     

苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对聚苯乙烯/聚乳酸共混物力学性能和流变性能的影响

采用无皂乳液聚合法合成了苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(PSMA)(n(St)∶n(MA)=75∶25),将PSMA与聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混制备了PSMA含量不同的PS/PLA共混物(m(PS)∶m(PLA)=1∶4),利用扫描电子显微镜、电子拉力机和转矩流变仪对共混物的相结构、力学性能以及流变行为进行了表征。结果表明,加入少量PSMA即能有效提高PLA与PS的相容性,减小PS/PLA共混物中分散相的相尺寸,提高PLA与PS两相间粘接作用;加入质量分数为0.5%的PSMA时,PS/PLA共混物的力学性能达到最佳;未加PSMA时,PS/PLA共混物在高剪切速率下剪切变稀显著,甚至低于纯PS,加入PSMA后,在高剪切速率下的剪切变稀程度与纯PLA相当。     

Processing and characterization of solid and microcellular poly(lactic acid)/polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PLA/PHBV) blends and PLA/PHBV/Clay nanocomposites

The morphology, microstructure, tensile properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of solid and microcellular poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV) blends, as well as PLA/PHBV/clay nanocomposites, together with the thermal and rheological properties of solid PLA/PHBV blends and PLA/PHBV/clay nanocomposites, were investigated. Conventional and microcellular injection-molding processes were used to produce solid and microcellular specimens in the form of ASTM tensile test bars. Nitrogen in the supercritical state was used as the physical blowing agent in the microcellular injection molding experiments. In terms of rheology, the PLA/PHBV blends exhibited a Newtonian fluid behavior, and their nanocomposite counterparts showed a strong shear-thinning behavior, over the full frequency range. An obvious pseudo-solid-like behavior over a wide range of frequencies in the PLA/PHBV/clay nanocomposites suggested a strong interaction between the PLA/PHBV blend and the nanoclay that restricted the relaxation of the polymer chains. PLA/PHBV/clay nanocomposites possess a higher modulus and greater melt strength than PLA/PHBV blends. The addition of nanoclay also decreased the average cell size and increased the cell density of microcellular PLA/PHBV specimens. As a crystalline nucleating agent, nanoclay significantly improved the crystallinity of PHBV in the blend, thus leading to a relatively high modulus for both solid and microcellular specimens. However, the addition of nanoclay had less of an effect on the tensile strength and strain-at-break.     

Effect of EVOH on the morphology,mechanical and barrier properties of PA6/POE-g-MAH/EVOH ternary blends

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/maleated poly(ethylene-1-octene) (POE-g-MAH) blends with various ethylene–vinyl alcohol (EVOH) concentrations were prepared via melt-blending. The morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of the blends were investigated in terms of scanning electron microscope (SEM), impact/tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and oil absorption rate. The SEM images indicated that the compatibility between PA6 and POE-g-MAH was improved significantly after the incorporation of EVOH. The toughness of blends was correlated with the morphology of the POE-g-MAH and EVOH dispersion phase. It has also demonstrated that the incorporation of EVOH increased evidently the tensile strength, storage modulus and barrier properties, which were contributed to the strong interactions formed through the reaction among PA 6, POE-g-MAH and EVOH.     

Electrospun PHBV/PEO co-solution blends: Microstructure,thermal and mechanical properties

Blending allows to tailor and modulate the properties of selected polymers. Blends of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were fabricated by electrospinning in different weight ratios i.e. 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 50:50, 0:100.In order to evaluate the influence of PEO addition on the final properties of PHBV, a complete microstructural, thermal and mechanical characterization of PHBV/PEO blends has been performed. The two neat polymeric membranes were also considered for the sake of comparison. The following characterization techniques were employed: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential analyses (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and uniaxial tensile tests.All electrospun mats consisted of randomly oriented and uniform fibers. It has been observed that the microstructure of PHBV/PEO was remarkably affected by blend composition. The average fiber size ranged between 0.5 μm and 2.6 μm. It resulted that the electrospun polymeric blends consisted of separate crystalline domains associated to an amorphous interdisperse phase. PHBV/PEO blends presented intermediate mechanical properties, in terms of tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress, with respect to the two neat components.     

聚乳酸/热塑性淀粉/POE-g-GMA共混材料的制备和性能

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）接枝（乙烯/辛烯）共聚物（GPOE）作为增韧剂,利用Haake转矩流变仪熔融制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/热塑性淀粉（TPS）/GPOE共混材料。通过拉伸、冲击、动态热力学、差示扫描量热、扫描电镜等方法对共混材料进行研究：PLA共混材料伸长率可达到400%左右,冲击性能有大幅提高;TPS中甘...     

The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid nanocomposites prepared by twin-screw extrusion

Twin-screw extrusion was applied to prepare the carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid (CNT/PLA) nanocomposites. Five different extruded plates were produced under variation of CNT concentrations. The internal microstructures were also observed by optical microscope to examine the distribution and dispersion of CNT in the PLA. Besides, the crystallinity of the CNT/PLA nanocomposites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and density method. The effects of the CNT concentrations on the mechanical and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to observe the CNT dispersion in the nano-scale. These results suggested that the crystallinity was increased with the increase of CNT concentrations, demonstrating that CNT played a role as a nucleating agent in PLA. Moreover, the mechanical and electrical properties of PLA have been improved by a proper incorporation of CNTs due to a good distribution and dispersion of the CNTs.     

纳米二氧化钛含量对秸秆/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

目的 为改善纤维增强聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料增强相与基体相之间差的界面结合。方法 以秸秆粉(SP)为填料,纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)作为界面改性剂,构建SP/PLA复合材料相容界面,通过力学性能测试、吸水率测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析法(TGA)等表征手段,探究不同含量纳米二氧化钛对SP/PLA复合材料力学性能和界面相容性的影响。结果 研究发现,纳米二氧化钛的质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到42.78 MPa和91.25 MPa,其耐水性能、结晶度、耐热性能也达到最好。结论 纳米二氧化钛可有效提高秸秆/聚乳酸复合材料的性能。     

聚丙烯／丙烯－辛烯共聚物共混体系的研究

利用扫描电镜、差热扫描量热计和动态粘弹谱仪等手段研究了聚丙烯／丙烯－辛烯共聚物共混体系的相容性及结晶和转变性能等。研究结果表明，该共混体系是完全相容的体系，该共混物的低温韧性优于聚丙烯。