DOI面向断股补修作业任务的电力机器人机构设计

输电线路断股补修机器人需要在特定野外环境下开展复杂作业任务。面向机器人补修作业任务特征开展机构设计,可以提升机器人作业性能,保证作业质量。本文介绍了基于断股补修作业任务设计的应用于机器人的各类机构。根据行走、越障与捋线的作业目标,结合外部环境约束,进行机器人移动机构、越障机构与补修机构的设计。以增大附着力、削弱强制滑转现象为目标设计了优化阔线的驱动轮作为移动机构;以保证越障安全性为目标,设计了被动回转关节作为越障机构;以消除悬垂线路断股为目标,设计了螺旋复位式捋线机构作为补修机构。通过理论分析、对比仿真与实验,分析了所设计机构在行走、越障与补修作业上的可行性、稳定性与合理性。     

输电线断股、损伤故障检测方法比较性研究

为了保证高压输电线线路的正常运行,及时对输电导线的断股、损伤故障的检测意义重大。综述了现阶段国内对此类输电线故障检测常用的方法:人工检测法、航测法、巡线机器人检测法,分析了各类检测方法的优点及实际应用中存在的问题。对巡线机器人检测方法进行重点阐述,分析了对比了现阶段基于红外传感器、电涡流、涡流和漏磁结合的巡线机器人三种检测方法,并在当前此类输电线故障检测方法的基础上,总结了输电线导线损伤、断股故障研究的发展方向。     

基于无人机图像的输电线断股与异物缺陷检测方法

为提高无人机(UAV)巡检输电线路的效率,提出一种基于线结构感知的输电线断股与异物缺陷的检测方法。由于无人机巡检的图像受背景纹理及光线影响较大,采用能检测线宽度的水平与垂直方向的梯度算子提取巡检图像上的线对象,进而研究感知定律中的共线性、近似性、连续性的计算,将断续线段连接成长的线段,通过长线段的平行性计算,识别出输电线路结构中显著的平行导线组。为识别导线上安装的防振锤与间隔棒连接部件,提出一种基于局部轮廓特征的形状部件识别方法。在识别出这些连接部件的基础上,对导线进行分段分析,计算分段导线的宽度变化、灰度相似度来检测导线上的断股与异物缺陷。通过对无人机巡检采集的输电线路图像的测试,验证了这种方法在复杂的背景条件下能有效地检测导线上断股与附着异物缺陷。     

基于GA-RBF和不变矩的高压瓷瓶裂缝识别

为了保证高压输电线路的正常运行,可以通过高压输电线路巡检机器人视觉系统完成高压输电线路的检测.通过CCD摄像头等硬件模拟机器人的视觉,完成对绝缘瓷瓶裂缝图像的采集,并通过滤除噪声、图像分割等预处理操作和形状特征,完成图像中裂缝的定位.对于聚焦放大后的裂缝图像提取不变矩等4个特征值,得出图像信息.最后利用遗传算法和RBF网络相结合的算法,实现对绝缘瓷瓶裂缝5种状态:横向、纵向、块状、网状、无裂缝的分类识别.通过仿真和实验比较表明,该算法可以有效、可靠地运用于绝缘瓷瓶裂缝类型识别研究中,并可方便地应用于其他领域.     

基于SURF算法的输电线全景图像的特征提取

高压输电线跨距远、线路复杂,在充分分析电力线图像的特殊线性特性的基础上,文章提出了一种采用SURF算法完成输电线全景拼接并利用相位一致性提取线路特征的方法。首先采用SURF算法对部分电力线图片进行配准,并用RANSAC算法剔除错误的特征点对,然后拼接得到输电线全景图,对全景图采用相位一致性方法进行特征检测,最后提取经过标记的完整的单根电力线。对现场拍摄的部分输电线路图像进行了实验,结果提取出了完整、精确的单根电力线,说明该方法能提高输电线路弧垂计算的精度。     

可见光图像中的高压线缺陷自动诊断方法

研究直升机巡检系统中,基于可见光图像的电力线缺陷诊断方法。对直升机机载系统采集到的可见光图像进行实时分析,自动诊断电力线上可能存在的断股、异物附着缺陷。研究了缺陷在可见光图像中的特征,并提出了一种基于亮度和空间信息的线对象检测方法,自动识别电力线。对线对象进行分析,获取其位置、方向、宽度信息,并进行对象分类。结合缺陷特征和对象与分类信息,设计缺陷诊断流程,诊断断股及异物缺陷。实验证明,该方法对电力线检测准确,能够发现电力线存在的可疑异物和断股缺陷,成功应用于直升机巡检系统中。     

基于场景理解与改进型BUG算法的移动机器人避障

针对现有移动机器人在视觉避障上存在的局限,将深度学习算法和路径规划技术相结合,提出了一种基于深层卷积神经网络和改进Bug算法的机器人避障方法;该方法采用多任务深度卷积神经网络提取道路图像特征,实现图像分类和语义分割任务;其次,基于语义分割结果构建栅格地图,并将图像分类结果与改进的Bug算法相结合,搜索出最优避障路径;同时,为降低冗余计算,设计了特征对比结构来对避免对重复计算的特征信息,保障机器人在实际应用中实时性;通过实验结果表明,所提方法有效的平衡了多视觉任务的精度与效率,并能准确规划出安全的避障路径,辅助机器人完成导航避障。     

基于Kinect的移动机器人实时局部路径规划

传统路径规划方法计算复杂、效率低,且误差较高.为此,提出一种基于Kinect的移动机器人实时局部路径规划方法.利用Kinect产生的RGB图像和3D图像实时获取移动机器人的周边动态环境信息,通过模糊逻辑和信息融合技术完成机器人的实时路径规划,从而实现机器人的目标跟踪与导航.实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的稳定性与实时性.     

基于遗传算法和一类SVM的隐秘图像检测方案

针对二类支持向量机分类器在隐秘图像检测中训练步骤复杂与推广性弱的缺点,提出了一种新的基于遗传算法和一类支持向量机的隐秘图像检测方案。采用遗传算法进行图像特征选择,一类支持向量机作为分类器。实验结果表明,与只利用一类支持向量机分类,但未进行特征选择的隐秘检测方法相比,提高了隐秘图像检测的识别率和系统检测效率。     

面向病房巡视的服务机器人目标搜寻

为了解决现阶段病房巡视任务中出现的巡护不及时等问题,利用服务机器人进行病房巡视,完成病人的基本信息验证、病人治疗信息获取等巡视任务.提出了基于贝叶斯理论的面向巡视任务的机器人控制策略,该策略利用机器人的当前位姿、规划的路径,与当前的视觉图像相结合,进行机器人控制;提出了由粗到细的多模式目标表示方法,融合RFID、特征和...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.