编译群体智能系统应用程序:以全分布式智能建筑系统为例

群体智能系统通过邻居个体的信息交互实现群体级别的应用任务,具有良好的鲁棒性和灵活性.与此同时,大多数开发人员难以对分布式、并行的个体交互机制进行描述.一些高级语言允许用户以串行思维方式、从系统全局角度来编程并行的群体智能计算任务,而无需考虑通信协议、数据分布等底层交互细节.但面向用户、全局声明式的群体智能系统应用程序与个体并行执行逻辑存在的巨大语义差距,使得编译过程复杂进而导致应用程序开发效率不高.本文提出了一个编译系统及其支撑工具,支持将高级的群体智能系统应用程序转换为安全、高效的分布式实现.该编译系统通过并行信息识别,计算划分,交互信息生成技术,将面向系统全局、串行编程的群体智能应用程序编译为面向个体独立执行的并行目标代码,从而使用户不必了解个体间的复杂交互机制.设计了一种标准化中间表示,将复杂群体智能计算任务转换为群体智能算子和输入输出变量组合而成的标准化语义模块序列,其以独立于平台的形式表示源程序信息,屏蔽了目标硬件平台的异构性.在一个群体智能系统案例平台中部署和测试了该编译系统,结果表明该系统能够有效将群体智能应用程序编译为平台可执行的目标代码并提升应用程序开发效率,其生成的代码在一系列基准测试中具有比现有编译器更好的性能.     

CAD中的人工智能

本文概述了CAD中的人工智能系统,包括早期的问题求解程序、扩展谓词逻辑的形式系统、专家系统以及第五代计算机的智能 CAD系统,表明在CAD中引进人工智能技术是其重要发展趋势。     

接触网智能CAD系统的研究和实现

针对目前国内接触网设计辅助工具的匮乏，研究并设计一套接触网智能CAD系统。通过简单的人机交互过程，自动地完成大部分接触网平面布置图设计功能，实现接触网设计过程的智能化。通过属性数据库与自定义图元无缝捆绑技术。实现平面图数据的自动统计、制表。     

系统可靠-失效模型的哲学意义与智能实现

为适应未来无人化、智能化、数据化和信息化的复杂系统，必须建立智能系统以代替人的工作。该智能系统的目标是使功能系统达到预定功能并保持功能稳定，即控制系统可靠与失效状态的转化。因此提出系统可靠-失效模型(system reliability failure model, SRFM)，并讨论基于SRFM实现智能系统的方式，论述了系统在哲学层面的相关观点；从哲学角度论述SRFM的意义，包括认识论、矛盾论、系统论和方法论意义。在具有哲学意义基础上，使用信息生态方法论(information ecology methodology, IEM)、因素空间理论(factor space theory, FS)及泛逻辑理论(universal logic theory, UL)，并融入空间故障树理论(space fault tree theory, SFT)来智能地实现SRFM。本文是面向未来复杂系统的SRFM研究，是安全科学理论和智能科学研究必须面对的问题，也是必须尽早完成的工作。     

用形式化方法设计工程智能CAD中的模型-实例库

模型 -实例库是基于知识的智能CAD系统的重要组成部分。本文用RAISE规范语言对原型库及实例库的结构及它们之间的关系进行了形式化地描述。通过将形式化规约自动翻译成C 代码 ,建造了智能CAD系统的一个运行模型。     

B1900计算机的系统结构及其动态微程序设计功能的开发

B1900机是典型的用户可编微程序(动态微程序设计)机,但Burroughs公司没有对中国用户提供有关技术。在缺少有关技术资料及支持软件的情况下,我们剖析了该机实现微程序设计的机构,包括软中断处理方法、运行结构、解释程序与操作系统的接口关系、I/O操作以及S-代码文件格式等。在剖析过程中编制了微反汇编程序MDEASM,从而加快了剖析的速度。在上述基础上,开发了所需的支持软件,即装配程序LOADER。其功能是生成可执行的S-代码文件。另外,对微程序实现语言MIL进行了扩展,并设计了预处理程序XMIL,使内部实现的细节对用户透明,便于用户设计所需的固件,从而构成一个便于使用、效率高的固件应用系统,可作为新的计算机系统结构研究和设计自动化的辅助工具。     

再论"广义智能系统工程"

为了进一步阐明“智能系统”的概念,扩展智能系统及其应用的范畴,提高“系统工程”的智能化水平,从“广义智能”、“广义系统”的新观点,再次论述“广义智能系统工程”（GISE）的概念涵义、学科架构、系统模型、系统分析、系统综合、系统类谱．“广义智能系统工程”是“广义智能”（GI）与“系统工程”（SE）相结合的产物,其研究开发具有重要的科学意义和广泛的应用价值．     

CAD系统UIMS的研究与实现

“UIMS”(User Interface Management System)是最近几年兴起的关于用户接口设计的研究课题。它着重于高质量人机界面的开发过程。本文中研究探讨了UIMS的模型、结构及其实现方法和技术,并就面向对象的程序设计方法做了简要论述。本文在研究CAD系统用户接口的特点后,提出一种CAD系统通用用户接口模型。根据这种模型,采用软件工程新的开发技术开发了一个用于CAD系统人机界面生成的UIMS,即GIDT(Graphic Interface Design Tools)系统。本论文详细介绍了GIDT系统的功能、结构、设计与实现方法。     

基于MATLAB的车用快速控制原型软件平台的研究与实现

通过对现代控制系统设计开发方法中的快速原型技术的分析,研究实现了基于MATLAB的快速控制原型开发软件平台。系统提供了用户透明和面向THECU-2003控制原型硬件平台的快速原型开发、自动代码生成、目标代码下载、在线调试支持和代码管理的快速开发辅助工具。     

基于知识发现的实用智能系统总体结构模型

知识发现系统与实用智能系统的有机融合成为信息管理、辅助决策支持、智能预测支持等领域亟待解决的关键问题之一。该文将以系统的观点和方法，从哲学方法论的角度来审视和研究基于知识发现的实用智能系统(如专家系统、决策支持系统和预测系统)的总体结构模型，并在此基础上为形成统一的、完备的和具有认知自主性的实用智能系统提供指导依据。     

Automation in the design of EDM electrodes

Plastic parts, especially those designed for consumer electronics products, are becoming more compact and freeform in shape. This requires the construction of compact and delicate geometric features in the injection moulds that produce these parts. It is now common practice to employ electric discharge machining (EDM) whenever the conventional machining process fails to machine such delicate features. Although CAD/CAM systems are widely used in mould design and manufacturing, and specific commercial CAD/CAM systems that are customized for injection mould applications are also available, there are still no intelligent CAD tools that address the specific requirements of EDM electrode design. The aim of this research is to develop an intelligent CAD tool that supports EDM electrode design. This CAD tool uses a new technique that recursively splits the EDM region into sub-regions until machinable electrodes can be constructed. The CAD tool has been implemented and integrated into a commercial CAD/CAM system, and 40 different real designs has been used to test its capability in handling a wide variety of geometric shapes. Performance data show that the efficiency of the design process can be improved by at least 50%, with a potential to achieve 85% through improved implementation and further research.     

An agent-based paradigm for building intelligent CAD systems

The present paper proposes a hybrid approach based on reactive agent technology as a post-object paradigm for building intelligent CAD systems. It represents an evolution of previous positions and articles by the authors motivated by a clear need to provide forms of active support for the design process rather than seeking full design automation purposes. Key concepts about agency and reactivity, as well as their usefulness in design systems, are presented. Also a basic tool called XLOG+, for developing agent-based systems, comprising logic and object oriented approaches, is discussed. Finally, the proposed hybrid agents are embedded in a new integrated CAD system architecture and an implemented prototype example in the area of solid modelling is briefly presented.     

基于目标检测算法的肺结节辅助诊断系统

据统计,肺癌在全世界范围内是发病率、致死率最高的疾病之一。随着计算机辅助诊断系统（CAD）和卷积神经网络（CNN）的成熟化,医疗领域的诊断治疗也逐渐智能化。本文提出一种基于目标检测算法的肺结节自动检测方法,并提出一套将阈值分割算法和数字形态学处理相结合的肺实质CT影像处理流程。对LUNA16数据集中的1186个肺结节进行训练和学习,观察YOLO V3模型在数据集中的评价结果来验证模型,实验结果准确率达到92.18%,每张图片平均检测时间为0.035 s。与现有的肺结节检测算法SSD、CNN、U-Net等模型进行对比试验,以验证YOLO V3模型的有效性。同时本文基于CAD技术设计肺结节辅助诊断系统,实现人机交互,为医生提供简单明了的辅助诊断工具。     

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT PRODUCT DESIGN SYSTEM: INTEGRATION STRATEGIES

Conventional computer-aided design (CAD) packages have drastically reduced the workload of the human designer and shortened the product design cycle. However, the degree of effort and volume of information required to use these tools limit their use to the later stages of design. Intelligent computer-aided design (ICAD) systems have sought to provide a more complete design tool to assist the designer in all phases of design. ICAD systems incorporate conventional CAD elements as well as knowledge engineering constructs. The level of integration between different components of an ICAD system determines its usefulness. Most commercial intelligent CAD packages are tied to a specific set of CAD tools, restricting their application domains. This dependence on specific software tools can be reduced by using general purpose modules to interface with available CAD packages. This paper discusses a method of introducing knowledge engineering technology to help develop an advanced intelligent product design system by integrating ICAD's Concept Modeller with SDRC's l-DEAS package for engineering product design. This integration is necessary because neither the Concept Modeller nor the I-DEAS package provides any unified design environment where users can access both symbolic and numerical design tools as needed to carry out design synthesis and analysis activities. Interfacing engineering design and knowledge processing together is not an easy task. The task is further complicated since it needs to be done only by those who have enough knowledge of both technologies, and also because it may result in reorganization of the traditional design process altogether. The proposed intelligent product design system uses artificial intelligence techniques to take care of human experts knowledge and it advocates the use of several commercial software packages that come from a variety of sources (and are proven to be robust) to perform design synthesis in a cost-efficient and timely manner. The technique described here is relatively easy to implement and is well suited to industrial needs.     

CAD可听化数据映射算法及其应用研究

听觉是视觉很好的辅助手段，使用多通道用户界面有利于提高人机交互的效率。可听化是用非语音来表示信息的技术，可听化正成为一种新的可用于模式识别、数据分析的工具。该文提出CAD可听化研究的实现途径，从工程应用角度总结归纳了适合可听化的CAD数据类型，分析了相应的数据映射算法设计，在CAD机构设计中，通过设计方案实时运动仿真，进行运动学和动力学分析计算，讨论二维连续数据的可听化。     

智能导航CAD系统的模块化、构件重用与面向对象实现

针对典型机械零部件设计的特点，将智能导航与CAD相结合，以螺旋传动软件开发为例，详细介绍智能导航CAD系统的开发方法，该系统具有启发式设计功能、强大的容错和纠错能力、人机交互功能等．实现了对设计过程的智能导航，体现了设计过程的反复性和动态性的特点．利用模块化、构件重用的开发方法及面向对象的可视化开发工具Delphi5．0．解决了设计资料分布式查询、设计结果动态生成和设计过程动态存储等问题，并缩短了开发周期．     

Computer Aided Software Engineering(CASE)for CAD Systems Production

In the paper the basic elements of CAD systems from software point of view are dis-cussed.The creation and next the modification of CAD systems needs specialized software tools.In thepaper the idea computer Aided Software Engineering(CASE)for CAD systems production and practi-cal software realization of such a software tool is considered.The main element of this tool is specialprogram provided for convenient storage and modification of CAD source program.In the paper thesimple examples are presented and discussed.     

Intelligent Programming of CNC Turning Operations using Genetic Algorithm

CAD/CAM systems are nowadays tightly connected to ensure that CAD data can be used for optimal tool path determination and generation of CNC programs for machine tools. The aim of our research is the design of a computer-aided, intelligent and genetic algorithm(GA) based programming system for CNC cutting tools selection, tool sequences planning and optimisation of cutting conditions. The first step is geometrical feature recognition and classification. On the basis of recognised features the module for GA-based determination of technological data determine cutting tools, cutting parameters (according to work piece material and cutting tool material) and detailed tool sequence planning. Material, which will be removed, is split into several cuts, each consisting of a number of basic tool movements. In the next step, GA operations such as reproduction, crossover and mutation are applied. The process of GA-based optimisation runs in cycles in which new generations of individuals are created with increased average fitness of a population. During the evaluation of calculated results (generated NC programmes) several rules and constraints like rapid and cutting tool movement, collision, clamping and minimum machining time, which represent the fitness function, were taken into account. A case study was made for the turning operation of a rotational part. The results show that the GA-based programming has a higher efficiency. The total machining time was reduced by 16%. The demand for a high skilled worker on CAD/CAM systems and CNC machine tools was also reduced. Received: September 2004 / Accepted: September 2005