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20种植物提取物对植物病原细菌的抑制活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[方法]以水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)、桃树细菌性穿孔病菌[Xanthomonus campestrispv.pruni(Smith) Dye.]为供试菌,对20种植物提取液进行抑菌活性筛选;采用液-液萃取法初步分离石榴皮、五倍子的抑菌活性成分.[结果]石榴皮、五倍子对2种病原细菌抑制效果最好;石榴皮的抑菌活性成分主要存在于正丁醇萃取层,五倍子乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌活性成分较好.[结论]石榴皮对2种病原细菌的抑制活性最好,其正丁醇萃取物是下一步研究的重点. 相似文献
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拮抗假单胞菌SU8对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]评价拮抗假单胞菌SU8的生防潜力,开发绿色农药。[方法]采用平板对峙法和打孔法研究拮抗假单胞菌SU8、发酵滤液及其乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性。[结果]假单胞菌SU8对稻瘟病菌的抑制效果最好,抑菌带宽度达4.53 cm,辣椒炭疽病菌次之,其余从强到弱依次为烟草赤星病菌、水稻纹枯病菌和小麦赤霉病菌;发酵滤液对水稻纹枯病菌、稻瘟病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、烟草赤星病菌抑菌活性较弱;乙酸乙酯提取物对烟草赤星病菌的抑制效果最好,抑菌带宽度为3.92 cm,对水稻纹枯病的抑菌带宽度为2.34 cm,对其他植物病原菌的抑菌效果从大到小依次为稻瘟病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌和小麦赤霉病菌。[结论]拮抗假单胞菌SU8具有可开发仿生农药的前景。 相似文献
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《农药》2018,(10)
[目的]对引起吉林省水稻鞘枯病的病原菌进行鉴定,对其生物学特性及药剂敏感性进行研究。[方法]采用组织分离,单孢纯化获得分离物。柯氏证病后结合病菌形态特征及ITS序列对病菌进行鉴定;并对病菌的生物学特性进行研究;采用生长速率法测定病菌对12种杀菌剂的敏感性。[结果]病菌鉴定为Nigrospora oryzae;病菌菌丝最适生长及产孢温度为25℃;菌丝在PCA、OA、在以甘露醇和蔗糖为碳源、胰蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上生长良好;pH值为5.0最适菌丝生长;全光照条件利于菌丝生长。病菌在PCA和OA、果糖为碳源、天冬氨酸为氮源的培养基上产孢良好;pH值为7产孢最佳,全光照条件有利于产孢。菌丝致死温度为49℃,孢子致死温度为52℃。病菌对1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂、25%咪鲜·己唑醇微乳剂、45%丙环唑水乳剂、250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂、40%氟环·稻瘟灵悬浮剂、525 g/L三环·丙环唑悬浮剂、20%井·烯·三环唑可湿性粉剂的敏感性较高,EC50值小于1.0 mg/L。[结论]明确了水稻鞘枯病的病原菌种类及病菌生物学特性,筛选出7种抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂。 相似文献
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噻森铜是一种新杀细菌剂。室内活体杀菌活性测定表明,噻森铜对水稻白叶枯病菌和细菌性条斑病菌的毒力EC50分别为160.69、214.47mg/L,与噻枯唑差异不显著;离体抑菌活性测定显示,噻森铜抑菌作用明显低于噻枯唑,噻森铜的作用机制可能不同于噻枯唑。噻森铜具有良好的开发和应用前景。 相似文献
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[目的]Brevibacillus brevis W4是从番茄茎中分离得到的1株对灰霉病菌有强烈抑制作用的内生菌.为明确其发酵液抑细菌活性,并探索抑细菌物质的大孔树脂吸附条件.[方法]采用管碟法测定了B.brevis W4发酵液对6种病原细菌的抑制活性.并以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,选用大孔树脂对发酵液中的抑细菌活性物质进行静态吸附条件优化.[结果]B.brevis W4发酵液对供试枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、水稻白叶枯病菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、大白菜软腐病菌、姜青枯假单孢杆菌均有抑制活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈突出,直径分别为21.7、20.1 mm.大孔树脂AB-8对活性物质的吸附效果最好,其较优的静态吸附条件为上样液pH值为8.0,上样量为树脂质量的15倍,最佳的洗脱液体积分数为40%甲醇.[结论]B.brevis W4发酵液具有抑制细菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最强.AB-8可以作为抑细菌活性成分的吸附树脂. 相似文献
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仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
分别对食用仙人掌(OpuntiaMiloaAlta)和野生仙人掌 (OpuntiadilleniiHaw)提取物进行了抑菌作用、最低抑菌和杀菌条件的研究。实验结果表明:野生仙人掌提取物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有明显的抑制作用,食用仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用效果不明显。野生仙人掌乙醇提取物 (odh)最小抑菌质量分数分别为:大肠杆菌w(odh) =2. 5%,枯草芽孢杆菌w(odh) =5%;最低杀菌质量分数分别为:大肠杆菌w(odh) =5%,枯草芽孢杆菌w(odh) =10%。此外,正交实验的最佳抑菌条件为:提取物w(odh) =10%,提取剂φ(乙醇) =85%,pH=4 5。 相似文献
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采用乙醇浸提法从橘子皮中提取黄酮,通过正交试验确定提取的最佳条件为:70%乙醇为提取剂,固液比为1︰20(g/mL),提取温度是70℃,提取时间2h,在510nm处测定橘黄酮质量浓度为0.205g/L,从橘子皮中提取的黄酮干重得率为2.938mg/g。本实验探究橘黄酮的抑菌活性,采用牛津杯法测抑菌作用,结果表明,橘黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、灰葡萄孢菌和黄枝孢菌均有抑制作用,铜和镁离子可分别增强橘黄酮对细菌和真菌的抑菌作用,低pH和低温可提高抑菌效果,且优化pH和温度的橘黄酮剂型降低了最小抑菌浓度(MIC)20%,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、灰葡萄孢菌和黄枝孢菌的抑菌作用分别提高了17%、27%、25%、28%、19%,高于对氯间二甲苯酚和甲基托布津的抑菌作用,特别是高于对细菌的抑菌作用。 相似文献
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大黄素甲醚对几种植物病原真菌的活性 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为明确活性成分大黄素甲醚的杀菌谱,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了该物质对水稻稻瘟病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌等几种重要植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,并采用盆栽法测定了其对小麦和黄瓜白粉病菌的活性.结果表明:大黄素甲醚对黄瓜灰霉病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌菌丝抑菌活性明显,其抑制中浓度(EC50值)分别为3.74、1.14 mg/L;对小麦白粉病菌和黄瓜白粉病菌具有优异的活性,EC50值分别为0.68、0.33 mg/L.盆栽试验结果也表明大黄素甲醚对黄瓜向粉病菌具有良好的保护和治疗效果. 相似文献
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《精细化工中间体》2017,(1):28-30
为了研究新化合物HNPC-A15269的杀菌活性,分别在温室和田间研究其对小麦白粉病和水稻稻瘟病的防治效果。温室盆栽实验结果表明:HNPC-A15269对小麦白粉病的防治效果(EC_(50) 1.48 mg/L)远优于对照药剂Tebufloquin(EC_(50) 5.22 mg/L),与对照药剂氟硅唑相当(EC_(50) 1.51 mg/L);田间小区药效试验结果表明:HNPC-A15269在125~175 g a.i./hm~2剂量下,能有效防治水稻稻瘟病,且对作物安全。新化合物HNPC-A15269具有进一步研究开发成为防治稻瘟病和白粉病等病害的杀菌剂前景。 相似文献
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In this paper, a suitable technique as well as an adequate material for the immobilization of the fungus Rhizopus oryzae were investigated. This organism has been shown to have potential in the field of food aroma due to the production of extracellular lipolytic enzymes. However, an efficient production system at bioreactor scale for its application to the flavor compounds production is still needed. Among the supports studied, alginate beads were the best carrier materials, leading to the highest lipolytic activities of up to 400 U/L after 3 days of cultivation. Repeated batch cultures were carried out to improve cell concentration and lipolytic activity. The gel beads produced lipolytic enzyme under optimized conditions for consecutive batch fermentations without marked activity loss and deformation attained a maximum level of 715 U/L after three batches. The production of lipolytic enzyme by immobilized Rhizopus oryzae in a 2‐litre airlift bioreactor with the optimized conditions was evaluated. Lipolytic activities of 487 U/L were attained, operating in successive batches without operational problems and the bioparticles (the fungus grows in alginate beads) maintained their shape throughout fermentation. 相似文献
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稻瘟病菌对三环唑的抗药性研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
将从田间感病品种原丰早上分离的稻瘟病原始菌株,接种在经三环唑处理过的该品种上,待其发病后,逐代重复分离诱导菌株,并对原始菌株和诱导菌株对三环唑的敏感性以及三环唑对它们的持效期进行了测定,结果表明,随诱导代次的增加,菌株对药剂的敏感性渐次降低,药剂对菌株的持效期明显缩短,但其致病性无明显变化趋势。 相似文献
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Sayaka Shimizu Yuri Yamauchi Atsushi Ishikawa 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
In plant–pathogen interactions, a proper light environment affects the establishment of defense responses in plants. In our previous experiments, we found that nonhost resistance (NHR) to Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Arabidopsis), in diurnal conditions, varies with the inoculation time. Moreover, we indicated that the circadian clock plays an important role in regulating time-of-day differences in NHR to P. oryzae in Arabidopsis. However, the involvement of photoperiod in regulating NHR was still not understood. To determine the photoperiod role, we performed the experiments in continuous light and darkness during the early Arabidopsis–P. oryzae interaction. We found that the light period after the inoculation in the evening enhanced the resistance to penetration. However, the dark period after the inoculation in the morning suppressed the penetration resistance. Furthermore, the genetic analysis indicated that jasmonic acid, reactive oxygen species, and tryptophan-derived metabolite(s) contribute to the photoperiod regulation of NHR in Arabidopsis. The present results denote that photoperiod plays an important role in regulating time-of-day differences in NHR to P. oryzae in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
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咪鲜胺防治水稻穗颈瘟田间药效试验 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
水稻穗颈瘟是水稻上常发性、气流性主要病害,严重影响水稻高产优质和种植经济效益。目前,水稻生产上防治穗颈瘟效果较好的药剂主要是三环唑及其复配剂。为了筛选出更多防治穗颈瘟的有效药剂,有效控制穗颈瘟的发生危害,2003年我们在通州市农科所进行了咪鲜胺防治水稻穗颈瘟及其对产量结构的影响试验,以明确咪鲜胺对穗颈瘟的防治效果及其安全性,取得了较为满意的效果。1 材料与方法1.1 供试药剂25%咪鲜胺乳油(江苏辉丰集团); 20%多·井·三环可湿性粉剂(稻乐正大,江苏通州正大农药厂); 20%三环唑可湿性粉剂(江苏镇江农药厂) 1.2试验处理试验… 相似文献
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Low product concentration and high cost of recovery process have motivated the study of in situ removal of fumaric acid from fermentation broth. After a series of screenings, an integrated process with fumaric acid fermentation and extraction was developed. Under this integrated process, fumaric acid production and productivity increased from 18.06 g/L to 34.23 g/L, and from 0.27 g/L/h to 0.57 g/L/h, respectively. Neutralizing agent utilization decreased by 58.75%, and 140.7 g/L ammonium fumarate was obtained after back extraction, which could be directed used to produce related derivatives without concentration. Thus, the integrated process was more economic and environmental friendly. 相似文献