金属／陶瓷润湿性（上）

本文综述了金属／陶瓷的润湿性测定方法，理论研究方法，改善润湿性的技术方法，并系统收集和评价了各种金属／陶瓷体系中润湿性和研究结果。     

金属/陶瓷润湿性(下)

本文综述了金属／陶瓷的润湿性的表征及测定方法，理论研究方法，改善润湿性的技术方法。并系统收集和评价了各种金属／陶瓷体系中润湿性的测试和研究结果。     

金属／陶瓷润湿性研究的综述

综述了金属／陶瓷润湿性的各种测定方法，理论研究方法，以及改善润湿性的一些措施并评价了各种金属／陶瓷体系中润湿性的测试和研究结果。     

金属／陶瓷润湿性（下）

本文综述了金属／陶瓷的润湿性的表征及测定方法，理论研究方法，改善润湿性的技术方法。并系统地收集和评价了各种金属／陶瓷体系中润湿性的测试和研究结果。     

陶瓷／液态金属相互作用研究

本文总结了陶瓷／液态金属润湿性的研究现状，列出了主要研究方法和结果，并指出尚存在的问题。     

金属/陶瓷润湿性的实验表征和理论预测研究进展

金属/陶瓷体系的润湿性研究在金属与陶瓷的连接、金属液的熔炼和提纯、浸渗法和液相法制备复合材料等领域都有着重要意义。金属熔体在陶瓷表面的润湿过程中,会出现基板在熔体中溶解、界面吸附和互相反应等,是一种较为复杂的物理化学现象。有关金属/陶瓷润湿性的实验和理论研究一直是国际上材料学领域的热点之一。目前金属/陶瓷润湿性主要通过测量接触角θ(借助Young's方程计算)来得出,润湿性表征方法存在较大局限性,特别是接触角对实验条件高度敏感,其往往难以准确反映润湿性,以及适用于高熔点合金与陶瓷体系的方法较为缺乏。因此,除对接触角测试方法进行改进外,很多研究者也试图通过理论计算来考察润湿性,但至今尚未发展出能够很好地应用于所有金属/陶瓷体系的理论预测模型。润湿性实验表征方法的近期研究主要集中在改良座滴法、滴定法、毛细上升法和感应熔化法等。其中,改良座滴法相比传统座滴法能够消除熔体表面氧化膜的影响。感应熔化法可以使高熔点合金(如Ti合金等)熔化,具有独特优势(相比之下其他几种方法只适用于Al系、Mg系等低熔点合金与陶瓷的体系)。在理论预测模型方面,除直接基于Young's方程,根据表面张力模型来研究润湿性外,也有学者尝试结合YoungDupré方程,从热力学和原子键的角度揭示反应界面润湿性的内在规律。同时,将润湿视为一种反应现象,对界面反应吉布斯自由能变化和润湿过程中表面相的能量变化加以考虑,也形成了一种新的定性衡量润湿性的标准。此外,研究者还在润湿铺展动力学方面取得了一些重要成果,包括直接根据金属形核理论来计算润湿角,以及利用如流体动力学模型、分子动力学模型、反应控制模型和扩散控制模型等来预测金属/陶瓷体系的润湿速率。本文主要从润湿过程的机制、接触角的测试方法和用以预测润湿性的理论模型三个方面,综述了金属/陶瓷润湿性领域的实验和理论研究进展。     

Fe－40Al合金与Al_2O_3陶瓷的界面润湿现象

本文采用座滴法研究了金属间化合物Ｆｅ－４０Ａｌ与Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的润湿性及界面的相互作用，重点考察了温度、保温时间以及合金元素对Ｆｅ－４０Ａ１合金／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３润湿行为和界面反应的影响。     

金属熔液对氧化镁陶瓷润湿行为研究进展

MgO陶瓷因各种优异性能在轻质高强的金属基复合材料、电子封装材料和涂层材料领域都具有广阔的应用前景,然而研究金属熔液对MgO陶瓷的润湿性是MgO陶瓷能否成功应用于这些领域的基础所在,因此研究金属熔液对MgO的润湿性就显得极为重要.本文通过综述Al/MgO陶瓷反应体系、Mg/MgO陶瓷非反应体系以及其它金属包括稀有金属、贵金属与MgO陶瓷润湿行为的研究进展,将各种金属熔液对于MgO陶瓷的润湿行为分为反应型润湿金属、非反应型润湿金属和非反应型难润湿金属等类型.此外还讨论了目前金属熔液与MgO陶瓷润湿行为研究中尚为存在的一些问题与争论,为金属熔液与MgO陶瓷润湿行为理解的进一步深入提供了支持.     

陶瓷与金属活性钎焊的研究进展

活性金属钎焊是陶瓷／金属（陶瓷／陶瓷）接合的一种重要方法。本文综述了近年来活性钎焊及其界面行为研究的现状和进展。有关活性钎焊虽已开展了广泛的研究，但尚有许多基本问题需要深入解决。     

活性金属/陶瓷粘着功

把金属/陶瓷界面反应处理成表面相之间的反应,运用表面热力学基本原理研究了活性金属/陶瓷体系的粘着功。提出了一个活性体系的粘着功计算方法,并和文献实验结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,活性体系的最终粘着功由两部分组成:一部分是每单位面积的金属/陶瓷表面相之间反应自由能的变化,另一部分是陶瓷或固相产物与基体金属的粘着功。界面反应越剧烈,固相产物与金属粘着功越大,则活性体系最终粘着功越大,这就为改善金属/陶瓷润湿性和粘着功提供了理论依据。     

Processing of B4C Particulate-reinforced Magnesium-matrix Composites by Metal-assisted Melt Infiltration Technique

In fabricating magnesium-matrix composites, an easy and cost-effective route is to infiltrate the ceramic preform with molten Mg without any external pressure. However, a rather well wettability of molten Mg with ceramic reinforcement is needed for this process. In order to improve the wettability of the metal melt with ceramic preform during fabricating composites by metal melt infiltration, a simple and viable method has been proposed in this paper where a small amount of metal powder with higher melting point is added to the ceramic preform such that the surface tension of the Mg melt and the liquid-solid interfacial tension could be reduced. By using this method, boron carbide particulate-reinforced magnesium-matrix composites （B4C/Mg） have been successfully fabricated where Ti powder immiscible with magnesium melt was introduced into B4C preform as infiltration inducer. The infiltration ability of molten Mg to the ceramic preform was further studied in association with the processing conditions and the mechanism involved in this process was also analyzed.     

The influence of distribution of titanium alloyed into carbon ceramics by the intense plasma pulses on their surface wettability with liquid copper

The paper presents an analysis of wettability and structural properties of the near surface layer of carbon ceramics into which titanium atoms were alloyed using a new method based on the use of high intensity pulsed plasma beams. The influence of various parameters of ceramic pre-treatment process on their wettability with liquid copper is presented and discussed. The information obtained can be useful in designing the ceramic–metal joints and composites.     

改进浸浆法制备氧化钛/多孔钛复合微滤膜

金属陶瓷复合膜以多孔金属为载体、多孔陶瓷为活性分离层,结合了陶瓷膜和金属膜的优点,具有良好的工业应用前景。采用改进浸浆法制备氧化钛/多孔钛复合微滤膜。将氧化钛粉体分散到氧化钛溶胶中作为制膜液,以提高制膜液在多孔金属支撑体表面的润湿性.结果表明,相同温度下溶胶的表面张力远小于水的表面张力,溶胶分散制膜液的表面张力也远小于水分散制膜液的表面张力.由此明显地改变了制膜液和支撑体的润湿性能,从而可以制备得到连续完整的膜层.由于溶胶粒子对粒径较大的氧化钛颗粒的烧结促进作用,使得膜层可以在较低的温度下烧结.在850℃下烧结的膜层平均孔径为0.31μm,且分布较窄.膜层表面完整无缺陷,与支撑体结合情况良好,膜层厚度约为17μm.膜层N2渗透通量为6.6×105L/(m2.h)(0.1 MPa).     

C.V.D. Coating of Alumina Reinforcing Particles to Improve the Wear Resistance of H.S.S. Based Composites

C.V.D. coating of the reinforcing ceramic particles used in particulate metal matrix composites allows the control of reactivity at the particle/matrix interface. Wear resistant high speed steel-based composites containing uncoated A1₂0₃, uncoated TiC and C.V.D. coated A1₂0₃ were liquid phase sintered, then characterized using “pin-on-disc” wear testing. TiC or TiN C.V.D. coatings of A1₂0₃ were tested to determine die increase in reactivity of the particles with the liquid phases formed during sintering. This resulted in a porosity decrease at the particle/matrix interface in addition to a better ceramic/metal cohesion due to improved wettability. Reactivity and wettability were studied using differential thermal analysis, electron microprobe analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and image analysis. Results from pin-on-disc wear testing illustrated the role of the C.V.D. coating on the wear behavior of the studied materials. Lower wear rates were obtained with the composites containing TiC or TiN-coated Al₂0₃. These results showed that there is a relation between wettability of ceramic particles by the metallic phases and wear resistance of the composites.     

A synthetic route for metal–ceramic interpenetrating phase composites

A novel synthetic route for metal–ceramic interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) is proposed. The method excludes infiltration operations and eliminates the problem of closed pores and low wettability between ceramic and metal phase. We suggest using two-stage processing including preparation of composite powder precursors by reaction in a metal matrix and subsequent compaction of as-synthesized nanostructured powders. The appropriate choice of compaction technique allows obtaining dense nanostructured bulk IPCs. Bulk interpenetrating phase TiB₂–Cu nanocomposites were fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and shock wave compaction of powder precursors.     

In situ Sol-Gel Oberflächenmodifikation von Aluminiumoxid zur besseren Benetzbarkeit durch Hartlotwerkstoffe

Alumina is an important technical high-performance material in the field of electronics and mechanical engineering. Therefore, it is often necessary to use these ceramics in combination with other materials such as metals. Brazing is a wide-spread and economical method to realize bonded joints between alumina and metallic components. Unlike the joining of pure metallic materials, ceramics cannot be easily brazed due to the poor wettability by molten metals. Hence, ceramic surfaces are either metallized prior to the brazing process, or a corresponding basic filler metal with active elements is used. Because of partially disadvantageous aspects concerning the manageability and profitability, this research paper describes a novel approach in which the ceramic surface is rendered wettable by the application of a sol-gel coating of semiconducting oxides. In order to make the surface modification economical and to avoid much additional expenditure, the drying of this sol-gel material is integrated into the sintering process of the aluminium oxide ceramic.     

Wetting of Group IV diborides by liquid metals

The possibility to exploit the peculiar characteristics of transition elements diboride ceramics—a class of promising materials for high temperature and highly aggressive applications—often depends to a great extent on the ability to join the ceramic parts one to the other or to special metallic alloys. Therefore, the knowledge of wettability, interfacial tensions and interfacial reactions is mandatory to optimise the joining processes. Data on the wettability and the interfacial features of different metal–ceramic systems, particularly of (Ti,Zr,Hf)B₂ in contact with liquid non-reactive metals Cu, Ag, Au and their alloys, are reported and critically discussed, beginning with the pioneering work made in European eastern countries in the 70s up to the most recent published and new data. Moreover, interfacial energetics at the atomistic level is being increasingly investigated by means of sophisticated modelling techniques such as pseudopotential-based Density Functional Theory (DFT). These approaches will be presented, referred to non-oxide metal–ceramic systems. Given the complexity of ab initio calculations, the study is limited to the ideal work of separation, i.e. with plastic and diffusional degrees of freedom suppressed. Nevertheless, it is shown that the results on the specific transition borides-molten metal systems can be used to interpret the wetting behaviour and the adsorption/reaction interfacial phenomena involved.     

陶瓷/金属钎焊体系反应润湿及残余热应力缓解的研究进展

陶瓷/金属钎焊件广泛应用于机械电子、能源化工、航空航天和生物医学等领域以实现材料各自性能上的优势互补。然而,陶瓷与金属原子键合上的差异及热膨胀失配使得它们的高可靠连接面临润湿性和残余热应力的问题。综述了国内外在反应润湿和残余热应力缓解方面的研究进展,对活性钎料/陶瓷界面反应产物及界面结构、界面反应热力学、反应润湿及铺展动力学模型进行了介绍,总结了复合钎料法和添加中间层法等残余热应力的缓解方法,并对当前存在的问题进行了初步探讨。