一种改进型脉冲耦合神经网络及其图像分割

文章结合人类视觉系统(HVS)对图像各个区域敏感度不同这一特性,对通常的脉冲耦合神经网络模型(PC-NN--PulseCoupledNeuralNetwork)进行了改进,分析了改进模型的特性及其参数优化原理,提出了一种基于这种改进PCNN的图像分割算法。该算法可根据像素周边区域的灰度梯度大小发放不同值的脉冲,从而自适应地将图像分为多个不同等级的高低信息区域,较好地仿真了人类视觉系统特性。并将该算法应用于图像压缩,在压缩比和重建图像主观视觉感知质量上均达到了较好的性能。     

一种优化脉冲耦合神经网络模型及在图像分割中的应用

针对目前脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)神经元模型参数主要通过人工设定问题,以简化参数为目的将PCNN模型的调制参数β与连接权矩阵K简化为链接系数矩阵W,提出一种优化PCNN神经元模型。该模型应用于图像分割时,充分利用图像本身空间和灰度特性自动确定链接系数,实现对图像的有效分割。实验结果表明,所提方法可以有效对图像进行自动分割,其分割效果优于Otsu方法、人工调整PCNN参数方法。     

基于修正PCNN的多传感器图像融合方法

多传感器图像融合技术作为信息融合的重要分支和研究热点,已广泛应用在机器视觉、医疗诊断、军事遥感等领域。为了更好地进行多传感器图像融合,将在图像分割、目标识别等领域具有独特优势的脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural network,PCNN)引入到多传感器图像融合领域中来,提出了一种基于修正PCNN的多源图像融合方法,该方法在区域分割的基础上,先提取区域特征,然后由特征指导融合过程;同时,从目标区域相对于背景的显著性出发,提出了一种反映目标区域突出性的新特征,并针对传统PCNN参数无法自动设定的难题,提出了基于修正PCNN的参数自动设定方案。实验结果表明,该方法无论在主观视觉效果,还是客观评价参数上均优于基于多分辨分析的融合算法,且克服了传统像素级融合方法中融合图像模糊、对噪声敏感等不足,尤其适用于图像不能严格配准的应用场合。这对于拓宽PCNN的理论研究和实际应用具有一定价值。     

一种基于PCNN的医学图像边缘提取方法*

边缘提取是图像处理的基础工作,如何精确、有效地提取边缘是图像处理领域相关学者讨论的热点问题,由此产生的各种边缘检测方法层出不穷并且得到了很好的应用,但这些方法都无法达到人眼识别物体边缘的精确程度。目前脉冲耦合神经网络（pulse coupled neural network, PCNN）是图像处理领域较为接近生物视觉进行图像处理的有力工具。改进基本的PCNN模型,提出了一种新的模拟生物视觉提取图像边缘的方法,该改进方法有效地利用了PCNN的特性。将该方法应用于医学图像的边缘提取,并与几种经典边缘检测算法、     

基于模糊熵的改进型PCNN图像分割方法

针对传统的PCNN在图像分割中需要设定大量的参数,并且分割的最佳迭代次数无法自动确定等问题,简化了传统PCNN模型的接受部分,改进了PCNN的连接部分,改变了PCNN的阈值衰减方式,并利用最大模糊熵作为最佳分割迭代次数的判定准则,提出了一种新的PCNN改进模型,从而实现了PCNN的自动精确分割.对各类图像的实验结果表明,该方法能够自动确定循环迭代次数和自动选取最佳阈值,与基于最大香农熵的PCNN分割方法相比,该方法具有收敛速度快、分割精度高、分割效果好等特点.     

基于改进的PCNN多目标图像分割算法

脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse-coupled neural network,PCNN)可有效地用于图像分割.为获得满意分割效果,PCNN需要选取适当的参数,目前其参数往往通过反复试凑确定.针对这一问题,基于改进的PCNN模型,提出结合图像灰度直方图,以最大交叉熵函数作自适应遗传算法的适应度函数,采用自适应遗传算法搜索最优门限阈值函数的图像分割算法.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地实现多目标图像分割,且分割效果优于多阈值Ostu算法.     

结合视觉感知与LBP傅里叶直方图的图像检索

为了有效地提取图像特征以提高图像检索性能,借鉴生物视觉信息处理过程中的提取图像特征,提出一种结合视觉感知与局部二值模式(LBP)傅里叶直方图的图像检索算法.首先根据视觉感知特点,用主分量图作为亮度初级视觉特征,将形状边缘信息融入视觉注意模型,获得改进的Itti视觉注意模型,并基于该改进视觉注意模型得到50个视觉特征图;...     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的图像分割

针对传统脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型在图像分割时需要设置较多参数和不能准确分割低对比度图像的问题,提出一种简化的PCNN模型和改进算法。在简化模型中减少了在传统PCNN模型中需要设置的参数的数量;在改进算法中根据图像像素空间和灰度特征自适应设置模型参数,并根据图像灰度直方图求出灰度期望均值作为图像分割阈值,因此该算法无需选择 循环迭代次数,只需一次点火过程就能实现图像的有效分割。实验结果表明,该方法能准确分割图像,纹理细节清晰,分割结果优于人工调整参数的PCNN方法和Otsu方法。     

结合自适应免疫克隆算法和PCNN的图像分割方法

脉冲耦合神经网络在图像处理中需要通过多次调整参数才能获得比较好的图像处理效果.为此提出了一种结合免疫克隆算法的PCNN参数自动判定算法,提出的方法将PCNN的参数设置问题转化为基于免疫克隆算法的参数优化问题,将图像熵值作为免疫克隆算法最佳适应度的评判依据,从而达到PCNN在图像处理中参数自适应调整的目的.同时,在免疫克隆算法中引入自适应算子和梯度操作来影响部分抗体的进化,以保持群体的活性,打破群体信息陷入局部最优的状况.实验表明,提出的算法实现了PCNN参数的自适应调整,图像分割效果优于比较的多种图像分割算法.     

基于NSST的改进双通道PCNN多聚焦RGB图像融合

针对光学成像设备景深有限、图像部分失焦的问题,提出一种基于非下剪切波变换(NSST)的改进双通道脉冲神经耦合网络(PCNN)融合算法。首先,该算法采用Lab颜色空间分割RGB图像的亮度分量和色度分量间的关联性得到亮度和色度通道子图;然后,亮度通道子图使用NSST重构,色度通道子图使用能量匹配融合;针对融合时阈值设置和点火量化产生的误差,提出改进双通道PCNN模型融合,并结合对比敏感度函数(CSF)自适应设定PCNN参数;最后,亮度和色度重构图通过逆Lab得到最终融合图。实验结果证实,该算法可有效减小失真,抑制伪影并保留边缘轮廓信息,提升全场景清晰度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.