新型氨基储氢材料CaCl2的性能研究

研究了工作温度、起始氨压和球磨处理对无水CaCl₂的吸放氨性能的影响. 结果发现, 球磨2h样品在温度20℃和氨压0.55MPa的条件下, 15min内即可完全氨化, 形成CaCl₂(NH₃)₈, 其吸氨量可达55.1wt%, 相当于储氢量9.72wt%. CaCl₂(NH₃)₈在20～300℃的范围内可通过三步反应实现完全脱氨, 脱氨反应受温度和压力控制, 其中6个NH₃分子在常温、常压下即可脱附. 如果与NH₃分解催化剂联用, 可能是一种较好的以NH₃为介质的高容量储氢材料. 进一步研究表明, 较高的工作温度和起始氨压可以提高CaCl₂的吸氨动力学性能, 而球磨时间的增加可以显著降低其放氨工作温度, 提高其放氨动力学性能.     

Ca0.3(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.7TiO3微波介质陶瓷的低温烧结研究

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺, 制备了掺杂Na₂O-CaO-B₂O₃(NCB)氧化物的Ca_0.3(Li_1/2Sm_1/2)_0.7TiO₃(CLST)陶瓷, 研究了NCB掺杂量与晶相组成、显微结构、烧结性能及微波介电性能的关系. 研究结果表明: 复合氧化物NCB掺杂量在1wt%～15wt%范围内没有杂相生成, 晶相仍呈斜方钙钛矿结构. 随着NCB添加量的增加, 陶瓷致密化温度和饱和体积密度降低, 介电常数ε_r、无载品质因数与谐振频率乘积Qf值也呈下降趋势, 频率温度系数τ_f向正方向增大. NCB氧化物掺杂能有效地将CLST陶瓷的烧结温度由1300℃降低至900℃. 添加12.5wt% NCB的CLST陶瓷在低温900℃烧结5h仍具有良好的微波介电性能: ε_r=73.7, Qf=1583GHz, τ_f=140.1×10-6/℃, 满足高介多层微波器件的设计要求.     

锂离子电池复合正极材料xLiFePO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备与性能研究

以FePO₄·xH₂O、V₂O₅、NH₄H₂PO和Li₂CO₃为原料,以乙二酸为还原剂,在常温常压下经机械活化并还原嵌锂,形成无定形的5LiFePO₄·Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃前驱体混合物,然后低温热处理合成出晶态的复合正极材料5LiFePO₄·Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃.分别研究了复合材料的物相结构、形貌、电化学性能.SEM图像表明合成的材料粒径小、分布均匀,一次粒径为100～200nm.充放电测试结果表明,650℃烧结12h制得的复合正极材料5LiFePO₄·Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃电化学性能优良,1C放电比容量高达158mAh/g,达到该复合材料的理论比容量（156.8mAh/g）.复合材料具有良好的倍率性能和循环性能,在10C放电比容量高达114mAh/g,100次循环后容量几乎无衰减.循环伏安测试表明,复合材料的脱嵌锂性能优良,且明显优于单一的LiFePO₄和Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃.     

不同沉淀剂对Nd3+∶Lu2O3纳米粉体性能的影响

采用湿化学共沉淀法合成了Nd³⁺掺杂的氧化镥纳米晶粉体, 研究了三种不同沉淀剂(NH₄OH、NH₄HCO₃、NH₄OH+NH₄HCO₃)对Nd³⁺∶Lu₂O₃纳米晶粉体性能的影响. 采用NH₄OH+NH₄HCO₃混合溶液作复合沉淀剂所得粉体具有比表面积高(13.37m²/g)、颗粒尺寸小(~30nm)、粒度分布窄(60~160nm)的优点. 该粉体经过干压和等静压成型后, 素坯从室温至1400℃获得的线性收缩率可达17%, 其烧结活性明显高于其它两种沉淀剂所得的粉体. 在流动H₂气氛下, 经1880℃/8h烧结可获得具有优良光学透明性的Nd³⁺∶Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷, 在1080nm波长处的直线透过率超过75%.     

原位反应结合多孔Si3N4陶瓷的制备及其介电性能

以氮化硅(Si₃N₄)和氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为起始原料, 利用原位反应结合技术制备Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷. 研究烧结温度和保温时间对Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷的微观结构、力学性能以及介电性能的影响. 结果表明: 烧结温度在1350℃以下, 保温时间<4h时, 随着烧结温度的升高, 保温时间的延长, 样品的强度和介电常数增大; 但条件超出这个范围, 结果刚好相反; 物相分析表明多孔陶瓷主要由Si3N4和Al₂O₃以及Si₃N₄氧化生成的SiO₂(方石英)组成. 所制备的多孔Si₃N₄陶瓷的气孔率范围为25.34%～48.86%, 抗弯强度为34.77～127.85MPa, 介电常数为3.0～4.6, 介电损耗约为0.002.     

沉淀剂对共沉淀法制备 Lu2O3发光粉体形貌的影响

研究了共沉淀法制备Eu³⁺掺杂氧化镥(Lu₂O₃)发光粉体过程中三种不同的沉淀剂(氨水、碳酸氢铵以及NH₃·H₂O+NH₄HCO₃两者的混合溶液)对所得粉体形貌的影响. 通过差热热重质谱联用(DTA-TG-MS)和红外光谱研究了不同沉淀剂所得沉淀前驱体的热分解行为, 结合显微结构观察、粒度分布和比表面积测试, 对三种沉淀剂影响Lu₂O₃晶粒尺寸和团聚状态的规律进行了探讨. 研究发现: 采用NH₃·H₂O+NH₄HCO₃混合沉淀剂得到的Lu₂O₃粉体具有最佳的显微结构和粒径分布状态, 沉淀前驱体经1000℃煅烧2h, 粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为35nm, 中位粒径(D₅₀)为0.48μm.     

喷雾干燥-碳热还原法制备Li3V2(PO4)3/C

采用喷雾干燥-碳热还原法制备了Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C正极材料.考察了不同喷雾条件对产物组成及电化学性能的影响.通过XRD、SEM、TEM和电化学性能测试方法等进行了表征.结果表明：通过二次喷雾干燥制备的前驱体,经过750℃热处理12h制得了平均粒径小于0.5μm 的Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C复合材料.在室温下,C/5、1C和5C倍率的放电比容量分别为121.9、114.6和104.6mAh·g^-1,50次循环后,容量保持率均接近100%,几乎无衰减,具有优异的循环稳定性和容量保持率.     

(1-x)CaTiO3-xLi1/2Sm1/2TiO3陶瓷的微波介电性能研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)CaTiO_3-x(Li_1/2Sm_1/2)TiO3系列微波介质陶瓷材料, 研究了该体系的相组成、烧结性能和微波介电性能之间的关系. 结果表明: 在x=0.1～0.9mol范围内, (1-x)CaTiO_3-x(Li_1/2Sm_1/2)TiO₃ 体系均形成了单一的斜方钙钛矿结构; x=0.1～0.5和x=0.6～0.9组分的最佳烧结温度分别为1250和1300℃; 介电常数ε_r、无载品质因数与谐振频率乘积Qf值、谐振频率温度系数τ_f均随着x的增大而减小. 当x=0.7时, 1300℃下保温5h烧结得到的材料的微波介电性能为: ε_r=116.5, Qf=3254GHz, τ_f=42.43×10^-6/℃.     

CaTiO3对(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)微波介质陶瓷结构和性能的影响

利用常规固相法制备了ZnAl₂O₄-Mg₂TiO₄-CaTiO₃陶瓷, 研究了CaTiO₃对其相成分、微观组织结构和微波介电性能的影响规律. 结果表明, CaTiO3能有效地改善(1-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xMg₂TiO₄(x=0.21)材料的烧结性能, 使其致密化温度降低150℃. ZnAl₂O₄-Mg₂TiO₄-CaTiO₃陶瓷体系中包括ZnAl₂O₄基尖晶石相、CaTiO₃、MgTi₂O₅和Zn₂Ti₃O₈相, 当烧结温度高于1400℃时, Zn₂Ti₃O₈相消失. 随着CaTiO₃含量的增加, 体系中CaTiO₃相含量增加而MgTi₂O₅相含量减少, 且CaTiO₃具有显著地调节谐振频率温度系数的作用. 当在(1-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xMg₂TiO₄(x=0.21)体系中掺入6mol%的CaTiO₃添加剂时, 经1400℃烧结后能获得温度稳定性好的微波介质陶瓷材料, 其微波介电性能为：ε_r=11.8, Q·f=88080GHz, τ_f=-7.8×10^－6/℃.     

微乳液法合成新型可见光催化剂BiVO4及光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO₃)₃、NH₄VO₃为原料,采用微乳液法合成了新型可见光活性的钒酸铋（BiVO₄）光催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM、XPS、BET等技术手段对其进行了表征. 以可见光(λ>400nm)为光源,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了BiVO₄ 的可见光催化性能. 结果表明：采用微乳液法通过调节合成温度,可得到不同晶相的BiVO₄光催化剂. 四方相BiVO₄在低温下首先生成,随温度升高四方相开始向单斜相转变. 可见光催化实验结果表明,四方相和单斜相共混的BiVO₄的光催化效率最高,3h内使甲基橙的脱色率达到99.9%.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.