PUA／PVC复合乳液树脂的制备及表征

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚醚（PPG）和二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）合成了自乳化阴离子水性聚氨酯（PU），以此为种子制备了聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液，接着在高压釜中进行氯乙烯原位接枝共聚，制备了聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯／聚氯乙烯（PUA／PVC）复合乳液树脂。采用激光粒度分析仪、透射电镜、动态热力学分析仪对复合材料的形态及动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：PUA／PVC复合胶乳粒子具有多核壳“海岛型”复合结构，经原位改性的PVC复合材料中的PUA橡胶相具有高度均匀的分散性。     

LDA/APP对聚醚聚氨酯弹性体性能影响研究

以聚氧化丙烯二醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯、一缩二乙二醇等为主要基体材原料，以联二脲(LDA)、聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂，制作了聚醚聚氨酯弹性体。研究了LDA／APP质量比对弹性体力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。测试了配方的力学性能，可见光的透过率，燃烧性能。结果表明，LDA与聚醚聚氨酯弹性体的相容性比较好，可以大幅度提高其力学性能，APP的相容性则相对比较差。两者都可以提高材料的阻燃消烟性能，当LDA／APP以30.0／30.0比例混合时，可以获得较佳的阻燃消烟效果。     

聚氨酯／聚烯烃互穿网络粘合剂的研究

制备了聚酯聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯及其它乙基单体聚合物热塑性互穿网络弹性体，将其溶解于溶剂中形成聚氨酯／聚烯烃粘合剂。考察了乙烯基单体的种类、用量、聚酯分子量、热活化时间等对粘合剂粘合性能的影响，同时测定了互穿网络弹性体的形态结构。     

黏合剂对聚酯复合土工布性能的影响

选取聚氨酯、氯丁橡胶以及聚丙烯酸酯乳液等3种黏合剂,采用喷洒黏合剂的化学黏合方法制备了3种聚酯针刺-机织复合土工布,并测试了其力学性能。由测试结果可知:3种复合土工布的面密度和厚度相差不大,氯丁橡胶复合土工布的透水性能明显优于聚丙烯酸酯复合土工布和聚氨酯复合土工布,而聚氨酯复合土工布的力学性能则明显优于氯丁橡胶和丙烯酸酯复合土工布。     

LDA／APP对聚醚聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

以聚氧化丙烯二醇（N220）、甲苯二异氰酸酯、一缩二乙二醇等为主要原料，以联二脲（LDA）、聚磷酸铵（APP）作为阻燃剂，研制了聚醚聚氨酯弹性体。研究了LDA／APP含量对弹性体的物理力学性能和阻燃性能的影响结果表明，LDA与聚醚聚酯弹性体的相容性较好，可以大幅度提高其物理力学性能，APP的相容性则相对比较差。两者都可以提高材料的阻燃消烟性能，当LDA／APP以及30／30比例混合时，可以获得较佳的阻燃消烟效果。     

含液晶基元聚氨酯对普通聚氨酯性能的影响

合成了一类既含有刚性液晶基元又含有柔性链段的主链型含液晶基元聚氨酯(LCPU)，以端羟基四氢呋喃-环氧乙烷共聚醚为基体材料，多异氰酸酯N-100为固化剂，探讨这类含液晶基元聚氨酯对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明，5种含液晶基元聚氨酯随着柔性链段长度的变化和在聚氨酯弹性体中加入比例的变化。表现出对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响有较大的差异。与未改性聚氨酯弹性体相比，改性后聚氨酯弹性体共混物垃伸强座量大提高71％倍．断裂伸长率最大提高8．7倍．     

端羟基聚丁二烯／聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

将端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和1,4-丁二醇反应制备了聚氨酯弹性体。研究了多元醇质量比、制备方法对弹性体力学性能的影响。实验数据表明,各种方法制备出的聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸和撕裂性能均随HTPB／PTMG质量比增高直线下降。随HTPB／PTMG质量比加大,预聚体法制备的聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能的下降幅度小于改进的一步法,改进的一步法小于原一步法。动态力学性能测试研究表明,HTPB／PTMG质量比的提高使聚氨酯弹性体动态内生热依次降低,微相分离程度减弱。     

阻燃剂DMMP对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

研究了甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)的不同用量对聚氨酯弹性体阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着DMMP用量的增大，聚氨酯弹性体的阻燃性能提高，伸长率增加，而力学性能下降，当DMMP的质量分数为3％左右时，聚氨酯弹性体力学性能变化不大；而聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体氧指数可达28，聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体也达到27以上，可满足聚氨酯弹性体材料的阻燃要求。     

聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子对聚甲醛结构和性能的影响

分别采用聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子和TiO2粒子对聚甲醛（POM）进行改性，通过偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热分析法和力学性能测试，考察了这两种粒子对POM的结晶行为、力学性能和抗紫外光能力的影响。结果表明：与TiO2粒子相比，聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子使POM球晶变得更小，结晶度更低；聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子与POM的相容性更好，进而有效提高POM的力学性能和抗紫外光能力。     

高性能透明聚氨酯弹性体的合成研究

以聚氧四亚甲基二醇，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，1，4-丁二醇和不同的催化剂合成了透明聚氨酯弹性体，研究了合成方法，催化剂种类，异氰酸酯指数R，固化时间以及固化温度对该弹性体的力学性能，光学透明性，反应程度和热稳定性的影响。结果表明；软段摩尔质量及硬段扩链剂的改变对体系的摩尔质量影响较小，使使力学性能有较大变化。采用复合催化剂，一步法制备的聚氨酯弹性体具有较好的综合力学性能，优良的热稳定性；与基体树脂聚碳酸酯的粘接性好，复合材料的光学透明性优良；助催化剂K的使用可提高聚氨酯弹性体的耐热性和光学透明性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。