2D70耐热铝合金显微组织均匀化热处理

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、差示扫描量热、X射线物相分析研究2D70耐热铝合金半连续铸锭的结晶相及合理的均匀化热处理制度。结果表明:合金半连续铸锭中枝晶偏析严重,存在大量非平衡共晶相,其成分为α(Al)+θ(Al2Cu)+S(Al2CuMg),其初始熔化温度为505.4℃;在530℃温度以下进行均匀化时,合金中的难溶相Al7Cu2Fe、Al7Cu4Ni、Al9FeNi含量基本没有变化;合金合理的均匀化热处理制度为(490℃,16 h)+(520℃,16 h)。     

7050铝合金均匀化热处理后的组织转变

利用金相组织观察、差示扫描量热法、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段对7050铝合金铸态组织、不同条件下的均匀化效果和均匀化前后的组织转变进行了分析。结果表明,7050合金半连续铸锭中存在大量具有η-MgZn2型晶体结构的非平衡第二相Mg(AlZnCu)2,其熔化温度为477℃,在均匀化处理过程中,该非平衡凝固共晶相在477℃向合金基体溶解并转变成Al2CuMg(S相),S相在该合金中的熔化温度为490℃;在460℃均匀化处理时,结晶相η全部消失,晶间和晶内均出现球状S相。在随后的冷却过程中η相和S相先后在晶内析出,但在260℃时S相再一次消失。     

6063合金铸锭中结晶相及其均匀化

采用金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,研究了6063合金半连续铸锭中的结晶相及铸态和均匀化态的显微组织,确定了6063合金的最佳均匀化制度。结果表明:6063合金半连续铸锭中存在大量非平衡凝固共晶体,其共晶相为Mg_2Si相、AlFeSi相、Al1_3Fe_4相;经570℃×7h均匀化后,非平衡共晶相基本回溶,基体组织均匀;570℃×7h为最佳均匀化制度。     

2D70铝合金铸态及均匀化态的显微组织演变

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射物相分析(XRD)、差示量热法(DSC)等方法,研究了2D70铝合金铸态组织的相组成,对比观察了该合金铸态、常规均匀化态、高温均匀化态的显微组织.研究结果表明,该合金铸态组织由Al2CuMg、Al2Cu、Al9FeNi、Al7Cu2Fe、Al7Cu4Ni等相组成.DSC和XRD分析表明,单级均匀化处理后可使Al2CuMg基本熔入合金基体中,然而合金中仍存在部分高熔点共晶相,但其起始溶解温度已提高,这为双级均匀化创造了条件.合金铸锭经双级均匀化后高熔点的共晶相回溶的更充分.铸锭中的Al9FeNi、Al7Cu2Fe、Al7Cu4Ni等相在均匀化处理过程中基本不变.     

2A70耐热铝合金铸态组织分析及均匀化工艺研究

本文采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)及X射线衍射分析仪(XRD),分析2A70耐热铝合金的铸造组织,研究其合理的均匀化热处理制度。同时,采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,模拟Al-2.4Cu-1.5Mg-1.1Fe-1.1Ni合金的非平衡凝固路径,分析2A70合金在凝固过程中的析出相种类,并计算该合金低熔点共晶组织的转变温度,为研究2A70合金的铸态组织及均匀化工艺提供理论依据。结果表明：模拟计算所得2A70合金在凝固过程中主要析出α-Al、Al2CuMg、Al2Cu、Al9FeNi、Al7Cu4Ni及Al7Cu2Fe,与实验分析结果一致,且计算所得低熔点共晶组织转变温度可近似替代实验结果;该合金合理的均匀化热处理制度为490℃?2~16h 520℃?2h,在高温长时均匀化过程中非平衡共晶组织得到较彻底的回溶,Al9FeNi、Al7Cu4Ni及Al7Cu2Fe难溶相未发生明显变化。     

7A04铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理研究

超高强铝合金是航空航天工业大量应用的轻质结构材料,目前我国生产的超高强铝合金与国外同类产品相比基体中残留的过剩相较多,影响合金的性能.问题的关键在于铸锭均匀化处理时,未能让铸造形成的非平衡凝固结晶相充分溶解,即目前采用的均匀化处理制度不合适.因此,本研究的内容包括:以大量生产的7A04合金为例,研究半连续铸锭的铸态组织、非平衡凝固结晶相在铸锭均匀化处理过程的溶解动力学,为开发最佳的铸锭均匀化处理工艺奠定试验基础.     

7050铝合金铸锭均匀化热处理

试验研究了7050铝合金铸态及不同温度-时间均匀化处理后的组织演变。研究结果表明:铸态组织中存在严重枝晶偏析,400℃均匀化处理过程中,非平衡凝固共晶相向合金基体持续溶解,在465℃均匀化时,平衡η(MgZn2)相、T(Al Zn MgCu)相等大部分共晶相回溶到基体中,晶界明显细化,均匀化效果显著。确定了7050铝合金铸锭最佳均匀化工艺制度为465℃保温24 h。     

Al-Cu-Li合金均匀化处理参数优化和微观组织演化

摘 要：对Al-Cu-Li铸态合金进行单级和双级均匀化处理,通过光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）、X衍射（XRD）和差热分析（DSC）研究合金元素分布和微观组织演化,结果表明：Al-Cu-Li合金铸态组织存在严重枝晶偏析,由晶内到晶界Cu元素分布十分不均匀,Mg、Zn、Mn和Ag变化不明显。晶界处存在大量的非平衡共晶相,主要包括Al2Cu、含有少量Mg元素的Al2Cu相,以及Al2CuMg相。经双级均匀化（495℃×24h 515℃×24h）处理后,大部分非平衡共晶相和部分第二相（Al2CuMg和Al2CuLi）溶解到合金基体,但仍有部分富-Fe和富-Mn相残留在晶界不能回溶。Al2CuMg相的熔点低于Al2Cu相,两者分别在495℃和515℃先后溶解。通过均匀化动力学分析,确定Al-Cu-Li铝锂合金最佳的均匀化制度为495℃×24h 515℃×24h,该双级均匀化制度与动力学分析结果一致。     

原铝液DC铸造2A12铝合金铸锭的高温均匀化研究

针对原铝液DC铸造制备的2A12铝合金铸锭,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及其附带的能谱分析仪、电导率测定、DSC测定分析及拉伸试验研究了其铸态显微组织,以及高温均匀化工艺对合金铸锭显微组织、轧材力学性能及电导率的影响。结果表明,原铝液DC铸造2A12铝合金铸锭的铸态组织具有明显的树枝晶状特征,其中α-Al构成树枝晶晶干,块状Al2Cu和AlFeMnCu合金相及具有明显共晶组织特征的层片状S相Al2CuMg均分布于晶干间;合金铸锭在490℃均匀化保温8 h之前,可溶合金相回溶入基体的速度很快,490℃均匀化时间超过12 h以后,可溶合金相回溶入基体的速度很慢,490℃均匀化处理保温时间延长至36 h,合金基体中仍残留大量低熔点合金相;497℃24h高温均匀化处理不能完全消除合金基体中低熔点产物,但经497℃12 h均匀化处理后合金基体中残留低熔点合金相量较经490℃36 h均匀化处理后合金基体中残留低熔点合金相量更少;497℃均匀化保温时间由12 h延长至24 h对其热轧板力学性能及电导率无明显提高作用。     

Al-(7.8~9.0)Zn-1.6Mg-(1.0~2.2)Cu合金铸态及其均匀化组织

采用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)及其附件能谱仪(EDX)研究Al-(7.8~9.0)Zn-1.6Mg-(1.0~2.2)Cu铝合金的铸态及其均匀化组织。结果表明:该铝合金的铸态凝固组织由α(Al)基体+Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2非平衡共晶相组成;铸态组织中粗大非平衡共晶组织的体积分数随着Zn含量的增加而增大,且伴随其周围析出的条状、细小Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2粒子也逐渐增多、粗化;当Cu含量(质量分数)为1.0%、1.4%、2.2%时,铸态组织晶内的独立第二相分别为T(Al2Zn3Mg3)相、S(Al2CuMg)相、T(Al2Zn3Mg3)相+θ(Al2Cu)相;各成分合金经过(470℃,24h)均匀化处理时,基体中仅剩下均匀化过程无法消除的尺寸较小、数量较少的初生富Fe相。     

Microstructural evolution of high strength 7B04 ingot during homogenization treatment

The evolution of the microstructure and phases of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 super-high strength aluminum alloy during homogenization treatment was studied with metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The results show that a considerable amount of non-equilibrium eutectics containing AI, Zn, Cu and Mg exist in the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 super-high strength aluminum alloy, and their melting point is 478℃. During homogenization treatment at 470℃, these eutectics dissolve into the matrix partly, coarsen and also transform into Al2CuMg phase whose equilibrium melting point is 490℃ in the alloy. Moreover, the homogenization treatment at 470℃ for 72 h results in the disappearance of the non-equilibrium eutectics though Al2CuMg phase can not dissolve completely.     

Overheating temperature of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy

The microstructure and overheating characteristics of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy, and those after industrial homogenization treatment and multi-stage homogenization treatments, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX). The results show that the microstructure of direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy contains a large number of constituents in the form of dendritic networks that consist of nonequilibrium eutectic and Fe-containing phases. The nonequilibrium eutectic contains Al, Zn, Mg and Cu, and the Fe-containing phases include two kinds of phases, one containing Al, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the other having Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Si and Cu. The melting point of the nonequilibrium eutectic is 478 ℃ for the casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy which is usually considered as its overheating temperature. During industrial homogenization treatment processing at 470 ℃, the nonequilibrium eutectic dissolves into the matrix of this alloy partly, and the remainder transforms into Al2CuMg phase that cannot be dissolved into the matrix at that temperature completely. The melting point of the Al2CuMg phase which can dissolve into the matrix completely by slow heating is about 490 ℃. The overheating temperature of this high strength aluminum alloy can rise to 500-520 ℃. By means of special multi-stage homogenization, the temperature of the homogenization treatment of the ingot of the 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy can reach 500 ℃ without overheating.     

EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE AS-CASTING MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HDC 2024 ALUMINUM ALLOY

The influences of the low frequency electromagnetic field on the horizontal direct chill casting process were investigated experimentally. Ingots of 2024 aluminum alloy with a cross size of 40 mm× 200 mm were produced by the conventional horizontal chill casting process and low frequency electromagnetic horizontal chill casting processre- spectively. The as-cast structures and the mechanical property of the ingots were examined. The results showed that the low frequency electromagnetic field could sub- stantially refine the microstructures and pronouncedly reduce the macrosegregation in the horizontal direct chill casting process. Moreover, the surface quality of the ingot was prominently improved by the low frequency electromagnetic field. The fracture strength and elongation percentage of the ingot was increased with the low frequency electromagnetic field.     

Effect of casting speed on surface quality of horizontal direct chill casting 7075 aluminum alloy ingot

7075 aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 100 mm has been produced by hor-izontal direct chill casting in different casting speed. The effect of the casting speed on the ingot surface and subsurface layer was studied by surface observation and subsurface structure analysis. It was found that increasing the casting speed results in the adding of segregation knots in the ingot surface. The thickness of the dendrite microstructure layer in the subsurface reduces with increasing the casting speed. And the ...     

New method of direct chill casting of Al-6Si-3Cu-Mg semisolid billet by annulus electromagnetic stirring

The electromagnetic direct chill (EMDC) casting process is a well-established production route for aluminum alloy ingot, however, the skin effect restricts the casting diameter. In order to avoid this problem, annulus electromagnetic direct chill (A-EMDC) casting process has been developed. A three-dimension finite element computational model of A-EMDC casting process was established by using ANSYS Magnetic-Nodal programs and FLOTRAN CFD programs. Microstructures of A-EMDC casting semi-solid Al-6Si-3Cu-Mg alloy billets were investigated. Two pairs of vortexes occur within the crystallizer with opposite direction in A-EMDC. The annulus gap is advantageous to increasing circulate flow, reducing the temperature gradient as well as shallowing liquid sump depth. The microstructure obtained by A-EMDC is globular or rosette-like, and the microstructure is homogeneous in the billet.     

Investigation of Out-Phase Electromagnetic Casting of Aluminum Alloy

The influences of out-phase electromagnetic field on the as-cast structure of horizontal direct chill casting aluminum alloy ingot were experimental by and numerical by studied. The results of numerical analysis show that the interaction of the out-phase electromagnetic field and the melt can generate an electromagnetically induced forced flow in the melt, which, in turn, changes flow pattern and temperature field in the mold. The as-cast structure of the ingot can be greatly improved by the changes of flow...     

Influence of a wiper on residual stresses in AA7050 rolling plate ingots

As-cast stresses in the foot of the ingot corresponding to the transient start-up phase of the direct chill casting have been determined in aluminum alloy AA7050 rectangular ingots. This high strength alloy is usually cast with a wiper that is placed below the mold and ejects the falling water from its surface thus reducing the cooling intensity. The ingot being hotter, internal stresses are relaxed. The efficiency of a wiper has been evaluated using both neutron diffraction measurements on ingots cast with and without a wiper and a 3D numerical model simulating the stress generation during casting. The stress level is reduced by 33% when a wiper is used during casting and the stored elastic energy by 50%.     

电磁铸造2E12铝合金的铸态组织与力学性能

分别采用电磁铸造和普通连铸技术制备了2E12铝合金连铸锭.通过显微组织和力学性能的对比分析,研究施加电磁场对2E12铝合金连铸过程及铸锭性能的影响.结果表明,使用电磁铸造技术制备的2E12铝合金铸锭具有良好的表面质量和内部组织,以及优良的力学性能.其中,电磁铸造方法获得的2E12铝合金铸锭相对于普通连续铸造铸锭晶粒平均尺寸由58 μm减小至36 μm,抗拉强度提高了9.08%,伸长率提高了61.58%,断裂方式为准解理断裂.     

基于三相模型的Al-4%Cu合金三维半连铸圆锭的宏观偏析数值模拟

本文采用基于 Eulerian-Eulerian方法的等轴晶、柱状晶以及熔体三相完全混合的凝固模型计算了三维半连铸Al-4%Cu铝合金圆锭的宏观偏析。基于热溶质对流的基础上,模型考虑了等轴晶的移动,以及柱状晶对浮游等轴晶的捕获,等轴晶和柱状晶的相互竞争生长行为。模拟结果表明铸锭底部出现了明显的锥形负偏析区(CET转变区域),铸锭中心正偏析带,毗邻中心的负偏析区,以及铸锭1/2半径处正偏析带,总的偏析形态呈现W型,与铸锭实际情况基本一致。此外,铸造速度相较于浇注温度对铸锭宏观偏析具有更大的影响。     

低频电磁场对7050铝合金铸锭组织的影响

通过在常规半连续铸造过程中施加低频电磁场的方法制备了直径为162mm的7050铝合金铸锭,研究了电磁场对铸锭铸态组织的影响。结果表明,低频电磁场对7050铝合金铸态晶粒尺寸和组织形貌具有显著的影响。施加磁场后铸锭组织变得非常均匀、细小,平均晶粒尺寸由230μm细化至42μm左右,晶粒形貌由粗大枝晶转变等轴晶。电磁场频率和强度对晶粒细化具有重要的影响。对于低频电磁铸造162mm的7050铝合金铸锭,最佳电磁场参数:电磁场频率为25Hz,磁场强度为12800～16000At。