渠道火花烧蚀法制备In2O3:Mo透明导电薄膜

采用渠道火花烧蚀技术在普通玻璃基板上制备了掺钼氧化铟In2O3:Mo透明导电薄膜,研究了烧蚀时氧气压强对薄膜光电性能的影响.在基板温度Ts=350℃时,薄膜的电阻率和载流子浓度随氧气压强增大分别呈凹形和凸形的变化趋势.薄膜电阻率最小值是4.8×10-4Ω·cm,载流子浓度为7.1×1020 cm-3.载流子迁移率最高可达49.6cm2/(V·s).可见光区域平均透射率大于87%以上,由紫外光电子谱分析得到薄膜的表面功函数为4.6eV.X射线衍射分析表明,薄膜结晶性良好并在(222)晶面择优取向生长.原子力显微镜观察薄膜样品表面得到方均根粗糙度为0.72nm,平均粗糙度为0.44nm,峰谷最大差值为15.4nm.     

渠道火花烧蚀法制备In2O3∶Mo透明导电薄膜

采用渠道火花烧蚀技术在普通玻璃基板上制备了掺钼氧化铟In₂O₃∶Mo透明导电薄膜，研究了烧蚀时氧气压强对薄膜光电性能的影响. 在基板温度Ts=350℃时，薄膜的电阻率和载流子浓度随氧气压强增大分别呈凹形和凸形的变化趋势. 薄膜电阻率最小值是4.8e-4Ω·cm，载流子浓度为7.1e20cm^-3. 载流子迁移率最高可达49.6cm²/ (V·s) . 可见光区域平均透射率大于87%以上，由紫外光电子谱分析得到薄膜的表面功函数为4.6eV. X射线衍射分析表明，薄膜结晶性良好并在（222）晶面择优取向生长. 原子力显微镜观察薄膜样品表面得到方均根粗糙度为0.72nm,平均粗糙度为0.44nm，峰谷最大差值为15.4nm.     

Cu(In,Ga)Se2材料成分对其电池性能的影响

利用三步共蒸发法制备铜铟硒薄膜太阳电池中的吸收层CIGS薄膜,采用多种测试手段,研究其成分比例与薄膜的电阻率、载流子浓度、表面粗糙度之间的关系.电阻率为102～103Ω·cm之间,是Cu、Ⅲ族元素、Se配比较为合适的区域.载流子浓度在1015～1016cm-3范围内,薄膜表面粗糙度是随着Cu/(Ga+In)比呈下降趋势,Cu越多,表面越光滑,当Cu/(Ga+In)比超过1.25以后,变化趋势逐渐减弱.当Cu/(Ga+In)比在1.0附近时,粗糙度处于30～60nm之间.在上述范围内,研制出转换效率为12.1%的CIGS薄膜太阳电池.     

Cu(In,Ga)Se2材料成分对其电池性能的影响

利用三步共蒸发法制备铜铟硒薄膜太阳电池中的吸收层CIGS薄膜，采用多种测试手段，研究其成分比例与薄膜的电阻率、载流子浓度、表面粗糙度之间的关系电阻率为1e2～1e3Ω·cm之间，是Cu、III族元素、Se配比较为合适的区域载流子浓度在1e15～1e16cm-3范围内，薄膜表面粗糙度是随着Cu/(Ga+In)比呈下降趋势，Cu越多，表面越光滑，当Cu/(Ga+In)比超过1.25以后，变化趋势逐渐减弱. 当Cu/(Ga+In)比在1.0附近时，粗糙度处于30～60nm之间. 在上述范围内，研制出转换效率为12.1%的CIGS薄膜太阳电池.     

射频磁控溅射法制备SnO2:Sb透明导电薄膜的光电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法在载波片玻璃衬底上制备了锑掺杂二氧化锡(SnO2Sb)透明导电薄膜.利用霍耳效应实验、紫外可见光光谱仪、n(折射率)k(消光系数)d(薄膜厚度)光谱仪对该导电薄膜的光电性能进行了测试.讨论了氧气分压对样品光电性能的影响,增加氧气分压,薄膜的厚度减小、吸收边和截止波长蓝移,光学带隙增大,并且氧气分压对薄膜电阻率、载流子浓度和霍耳迁移率的影响不是线性的,而是存在一个最佳值.当氧气分压为0.10 Pa时,薄膜的光电性能最佳,此时膜厚为399 nm,可见光平均透过率为70 %,电阻率为2.5×10-3 Ω·cm,载流子浓度为1.2×1021 cm-3,载流子霍耳迁移率为2.04 cm2·V-1·s-1,其光电特性已达到了TFT-LCD透明电极的要求.     

基片温度对真空热蒸发的SnS薄膜性能的影响

利用真空热蒸发法在玻璃基片上制备SnS薄膜,在50℃～200℃之间,研究了基片温度对SnS薄膜的结构、形貌和光电性能的影响.结果表明,随着基片温度的升高,SnS薄膜的结晶度越好,薄膜变得更光滑,薄膜颗粒也增大了;薄膜的平均粗糙度从19.1 nm减小到3.92 nm,薄膜颗粒的平均粒径从108 nm增大到150 am.而且随着基片温度的升高,SnS薄膜的载流子浓度从7.118×1013 cm-3提高到2.169×1015 cm-3,而电阻率从641.8 Ω·cm降低到206.2 Ω·cm .但是基片温度对薄膜的物相结构和导电类型没有影响.在不同基片温度下,所制备的薄膜都是具有正交结构的多晶SnS,在(111)晶面上有很强的择优取向,其导电类型都为p型.     

射频磁控溅射法制备SnO_2∶Sb透明导电薄膜的光电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法在载波片玻璃衬底上制备了锑掺杂二氧化锡(SnO2∶Sb)透明导电薄膜。利用霍耳效应实验、紫外可见光光谱仪、n(折射率)k(消光系数)d(薄膜厚度)光谱仪对该导电薄膜的光电性能进行了测试。讨论了氧气分压对样品光电性能的影响,增加氧气分压,薄膜的厚度减小、吸收边和截止波长蓝移,光学带隙增大,并且氧气分压对薄膜电阻率、载流子浓度和霍耳迁移率的影响不是线性的,而是存在一个最佳值。当氧气分压为0.10 Pa时,薄膜的光电性能最佳,此时膜厚为399 nm,可见光平均透过率为70%,电阻率为2.5×10-3Ω.cm,载流子浓度为1.2×1021cm-3,载流子霍耳迁移率为2.04 cm2.V-1.s-1,其光电特性已达到了TFT-LCD透明电极的要求。     

N掺杂MgZnO薄膜的p型导电稳定性研究

利用磁控溅射技术,以Mg0.06Zn0.94O为陶瓷靶材,制备了N掺杂p型Mg0.1 3Zn0.8 7O薄膜,薄膜的电阻率为42.45Ω·cm,载流子浓度为3.70×1017/cm3,迁移率为0.40cm2·V-1·s-1。研究了该薄膜p型导电性质在室温空气下随时间的变化情况。实验结果表明,薄膜的电阻率逐渐升高,载流子浓度降低,五个月以后,薄膜转变为n型导电,电阻率为85.58Ω·cm,载流子浓度为4.53×1016/cm3,迁移率为1.61cm2·V-1·s-1。真空热退火后重新转变为p型。结果显示,其p型导电类型的转变与在空气中吸附H2O或H2等形成浅施主有关。     

生长速率对反应蒸发制备ITO薄膜光电性能的影响

用电阻加热反应蒸发的方法制备氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜,测试了膜的电阻率、可见光透过率、载流子浓度和迁移率,讨论生长速率对薄膜光电性能的影响.并在衬底温度为160 ℃、反应压强为1.4×10-1 Pa的条件下,制得可见光范围平均透过率为93%、电阻率为4.7×10-4 Ω·cm的ITO透明导电薄膜.     

退火温度对SnF2掺杂SnO2薄膜性能的影响

利用电子束蒸镀技术在石英玻璃上沉积SnF2掺杂SnO2(FTO)薄膜.研究了不同退火温度对FTO薄膜结构和光电性能的影响.研究结果表明:升高退火温度可促进FTO薄膜中晶粒逐渐变大,结晶度变好,同时薄膜在可见光范围内的透射率随着退火温度升高逐渐增加,吸收边发生蓝移,禁带宽度显著变宽,这是由于载流子浓度增加导致的Moss-Burstein效应.升高温度时,薄膜电学性能随着退火温度升高有了很大改善,700℃退火处理后得到电阻率低至2.74×101 Ω·cm、载流子浓度为2.09×1020 cm-3、迁移率为9.93 cm2·V 1·s 1的FTO薄膜.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.