铌镁酸铅弛豫型铁电陶瓷的介电老化行为研究

通过典型弛豫型铁电陶瓷铌镁酸铅介电老化行为的研究,发现高温区的Debye型弛豫过程与介电老化现象存在有机联系,指出复合钙钛矿弛豫型铁电体的结构缺陷特征对其介电老化起着重要作用.介电极化行为与老化行为对比分析和恒温经时老化研究表明,结构缺陷上的局域化电子和空穴对铁电微畴畴壁"钉扎"效应产生弛豫型铁电体介电老化行为的快过程.     

Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3基复相陶瓷的室温介电老化行为

研究了Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３基复相陶瓷的室温介电老化行为与材料烧成制度的关系,性机和介电常数与老化时间的对数值成线性关系,随烧成温度提高和保温时间延长,老化速率增大,老化速率对频率的依存性增加。低温短时间烧结的复相陶瓷的介电老化行为类似于正常铁电体,其老化起因于畴壁运动;而高温长时间烧结的复相陶瓷表现为典型弛豫电体的老化行为,起因于缺陷偶极子与极性微区的相互作用。     

(Ba1-xCax)1-1.5yBiyTiO3陶瓷的介电弛豫行为和线性介电响应

采用传统的电子陶瓷工艺制备了(Ba1-xCax)1-1.5yBiyTiO3(x=0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50;y=0.05)陶瓷,研究了介电弛豫行为和线性介电响应.X射线衍射分析表明:摩尔分数为5%的Bi3 能够完全溶入Ba1-xCaxTiO3固溶体的钙钛矿晶格.与Ba1-xCaTiO3陶瓷相比,(Ba1-xCax)1-1.5yBiyTiO3陶瓷表现出与铅基弛豫铁电体相似的介电弛豫行为.在(Ba1-xCax)1-1.5yBiyTiO3陶瓷样品中,发现了罕有的不同于正常铁电体和弛豫体的线性介电响应:在电场强度(E)接近于零的地方,极化强度(P)-E回线近似于线性变化,电流密度(J)-E回线呈现明显的双峰,电滞回线总体呈现"束腰"效应.(Ba1-xCax)1-1.5yBiyTiO3陶瓷样品表现出的这种异常介电行为归因于缺陷偶极距所产生电场的遏制作用.     

掺杂BaTiO_3陶瓷介电吸收电流的释放

研究了掺杂BaTiO_3陶瓷的介电吸收电流和介电释放电流。样品的吸收电流依赖千样品历史,这种现象与样品的老化有关;样品的释放电流则不依赖于样品历史。铁电陶瓷的介电释放电流不遵从I=At~(-n)的规律,提出介电释放电流的半经验公式,认为受束缚的空间电荷激活模型是铁电陶瓷中的介电释放电流占主导地位的机理。掺杂BaTiO_8陶瓷的这种极化弛豫效应是三种弛豫过程的迭加。     

BaTi1-xSnxO3系铁电体的相变弥散与介电弛豫

用固相反应法制备了BaTi1-xSnxO3(0.15≤x≤0.30)系铁电陶瓷.研究了它们的介电常数与温度和频率的关系,发现BaTi1-xSnxO3经历了一个由单纯相变弥散铁电体到弛豫型铁电体的变化过程.数据分析表明,BaTi1-xSnxO3系铁电材料是否出现介电弛豫与最大介电常数值对应的温度Tm以上一段温度区间内的介电弥散程度存在对应关系.研究还发现,将交变测量电压由1 Vrms提高到20 Vrms时,可以使BaTi1-xSnxO3陶瓷的Tm向低温方向移动.     

PMZNT驰豫铁电陶瓷在不同外电场下的介电特性

对PMN－PZN－PT弛豫铁电陶瓷在不同外电场下的介电特性进行了研究。结果表明：直流偏压场与交流测试场对弛豫铁电体的作用相反,增大偏压场导致介电常数的降低,而增大测试场则使介电常数升高。同时频率色散度也呈现了不同的变化趋势。利用超顺电理论及多畴态模型对上述结果进行了定性分析。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备PbTiO3基铁电陶瓷的高频晶粒尺寸效应

首次报道了溶胶－凝胶法制备钛酸铅基铁电陶瓷的晶粒尺寸对其高频介电性能的影响。实验研究表明,铁电陶瓷的高频介电弛豫主要是由材料内部的畴壁共振引起的,晶粒尺寸增加,畴壁尺寸增大,介电弛豫向低频移动,反之,晶粒尺寸减小,畴壁尺寸变小,介电弛豫向高频移动 。     

聚苯胺包覆二氧化硅电流变液的介电弛豫谱研究

低温包覆聚苯胺的方法对球形二氧化硅粒子进行了表面改性,利用介电弛豫谱分析了聚苯胺包覆后的二氧化硅电流变液介电性质的变化。结果表明包覆聚苯胺后,电流变液的介电增量显著提高,弛豫频率向高频移动。两种变化均对体系的电流变效果起到积极的作用。另外还发现可以通过调整碱液的pH值改变电流变液的弛豫频率,从而提高改变电流变的电场响应能力。     

弛豫铁电材料的准同型相界研究

复合钙钛矿结构弛豫铁电材料尤其是单晶材料在准同型相界附近具有优异的介电、压电和机电耦合性能,因此有广阔应用前景.本文简要介绍了铅基弛豫型铁电材料的准同型相界及3类准同型相界的特点.着重对弛豫型铁电材料在准同型相界附近具有优异性能的原因进行了分析.     

PMZNT弛豫铁电陶瓷在不同外电场下的介电特性

对PMN-PZN-PT弛豫铁电陶瓷在不同外电场下的介电特性进行了研究. 结果表明:直流偏压场与交流测试场对弛豫铁电体的作用相反,增大偏压场导致介电常数的降低,而增大测试场则使介电常数升高. 同时频率色散度也呈现了不同的变化趋势. 利用超顺电理论及多畴态模型对上述结果进行了定性分析.     

PMN-PFN铁电陶瓷低温烧结技术研究

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3(PMN)是一种典型的弛豫铁电体,它具有很大的介电常数,较小的介电损耗,良好的压电稳定性和电致伸缩效应,在叠层电容器、致动器等方面有重要的应用。PMN可以方便地与Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3(PFN)形成固溶体以移动介电常数峰值温度(Tm)。本文使用Swartz和Shrout提出的两步法,研究了基体掺杂不同物质对0.9PMN-0.1PFN和0.75PMN-0.25PFN二元体系的烧结性能及介电性能的影响。经研究发现:添加BiFeO3、Li2CO3、MnO2,都能使烧结温度降低。其中,当在0.9PMN-0.1PFN中掺入5wt%的Li2CO3时,介电常数为18120,大于纯组分的0.9PMN-0.1PFN的介电常数,当掺入BiFeO3和MnO2时,都使介电性能恶化。对不同掺杂对性能的影响进行了解释。     

新型弛豫铁电单晶及其超声医学应用

新型弛豫铁电单晶是一类钙钛矿结构的固溶体材料,具有比传统压电陶瓷Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3更为优越的压电性能,在医用超声成像、声纳、微位移器等方面具有广阔的应用前景。综述了Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-PbTiO_3(PZNT),Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-PbTiO_3(PMNT)等新型弛豫铁电单晶在生长、性能等方面的研究进展,介绍了弛豫铁电单晶在医用超声换能器方面的应用。     

Influence of Cation Order on the Electric Field-Induced Phase Transition in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics

The effect of cation ordering on an electric field-induced relaxor to normal ferroelectric phase transition in Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (PMN)-based ceramics was investigated. Both A-site La doping and B-site Sc doping were found to enhance the chemical ordering in these relaxor ceramics. However, the enhanced chemical orderings showed different impacts on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties in these perovskite materials. The 5% La doping was observed to shift the dielectric maximum temperature ( T _max) to a significantly lower temperature and suppress the electric field-induced transition to a ferroelectric phase. In contrast, the 5% and 10% Sc doping showed little effect on T _max but strengthened the ferroelectric coupling. The difference is discussed on the basis of cation size and charge imbalance. An electric field-temperature phase diagram is also proposed for the 0.90PMN–0.10Pb(Sc_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ based on its history dependence of the electric field-induced phase transition.     

弛豫型铁电体Pb(B1/3Nb2/3)O3基复合陶瓷中两相共存的研究

在ＰＺＮ－ＢＴ,ＰＭＮ－ＢＴ－ＰＴ和ＰＮＮ－ＰＴ系统中,用两相混合烧结法,分别制备了ＰＺＮ基,ＰＭＮ基和ＰＮＮ基复合陶瓷,介电性能测试结果表明,ＰＺＮ基陶瓷为两相共存的复相陶瓷,而ＰＭＮ基和ＰＮＮ基陶瓷中的两相都发生了很大程度的固溶,应用键价理论和键性分析对此进行了讨论,并从两组元间扩散动力这的角度和显微结构特征对这一现象进行了分析。     

An investigation of the structural and dielectric properties of the solid solution system (1-x) Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 -(x) PbTiO3

The preliminary characterization of the structural and dielectric properties of compositions from the solid solution system (1-x) Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3-(x) PbTiO3 is presented. A morphotropic phase boundary between rhombohedral (pseudocubic) and tetragonal compositions is observed to exist between x =0.4 and x = 0.45. A wide range of dielectric response is exhibited by the various compositions investigated ranging from the diffuse dispersive response characteristic of relaxor -type ferroelectrics to the sharp K(T) response associated with normal ferroelectrics. A high dielectric constant maximum is observed for all compositions with a peak K(max) of 33000 occurring for x=0.4.     

Preparation and Characterization of Relaxor Ferroelectric 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 by a Polymerizable Complex Method

A modified polymerizable complex (PC) method for the preparation of the relaxor ferroelectric 0.65Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.35PbTiO₃ (PMN–PT) ceramics has been developed using a novel water-soluble Nb precursor. The effects of Pb content and sintering temperature on the structure, morphology, composition, and electrical properties of PMN–PT powders and ceramics were investigated systematically. It was found that the modified PC method could effectively reduce the initial crystallization temperature of the perovskite phase to 500°C. For PMN–PT samples with 15% excess Pb content sintered at 600°C for 2 h, the 87% perovskite phase can be achieved, which is much higher than that in conventional solid-state reactions and other solution-based methods at the same temperature. On further increasing the sintering temperature to 1100°C, the perovskite phase content basically remains constant. This is attributed to the Pb-deficient pyrochlore phase formation. On increasing the sintering temperature to 1250°C, the dielectric constant and remnant polarization of PMN–PT ceramics significantly improved due to the larger grain sizes, enhanced density, and the decreasing pyrochlore phase. PMN–PT ceramics with a 98.5% content of the perovskite phase have been fabricated at 1250°C. It displays typical ferroelectric relaxor characteristics with a remnant polarization of 18 μC/cm², a coercive field of 9.6 kV/cm, a piezoelectric coefficient of d ₃₃=360 pC/N, and room-temperature and maximum dielectric constants of 3600 and 10 500 at 1 kHz, respectively.     

Li2CO3掺杂对0.2PMN-0.8PZT陶瓷的影响

利用铌铁矿预产物合成法,研究不同温度烧结下Li2CO3掺杂对0.2 PMN-0.8PZT压电陶瓷(简称PLC)的相结构和电性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)的分析结果表明,掺杂LiCO3的0.2PMN-0.8PZT压电陶瓷经不同温度煅烧后,所有陶瓷样品的相组成均为纯钙钛矿相,并随着烧结温度的升高,PLC的相结构有由四方相向菱方相转变的趋势。通过0.2PMN-0.8PZT压电陶瓷掺杂LiCO3煅烧后的微观形貌、介电常数、压电性能、铁电性能的分析,发现经1200℃烧结的样品的介电和压电性能最佳:介电常数(εr)为38512,室温压电常数(d33)为300 pC/N,剩余极化强度(Pr)为31.3 C/cm2,矫顽电场(Ec)为7.5 kV/cm。     

Dielectric Behavior of the Relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3—PbTiO3 Solid-Solution System in the Microwave Region

Dielectric behavior of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃—PbTiO₃ solid-solution system was studied from—50° to 200°C in the 100 to 12 × 10⁹ Hz frequency region, and a broad dielectric relaxation was measured for compositions throughout the system. The relative microwave permittivity of the composition 0.9Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃·0.1 PbTiO₃ decreased by 1 order of magnitude from the 1-MHz value of 11800, and similar decreases were observed for other compositions in the system. Dielectric loss (tan δ) values ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 at microwave frequency. The temperature of the broad dielectric constant maximum shifts toward higher values with increased frequency.     

New Preparation Method of Low-Temperature-Sinterable Perovskite 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.1PbTiO3 Powder and Its Dielectric Properties

A relaxor ferroelectric material, 0.9Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.1PbTiO₃ (0.9PMN-0.1PT) with a pyrochlore-free phase, was prepared by using one-step calcination in the present study. The 0.9PMN-0.1PT powder with the pure perovskite phase was prepared successfully from a mixture of the PMN precursor and the crystalline PT by heating for 2 h at temperatures greaterthan equal to750°C. The PMN precursor was synthesized by adding an aqueous Mg(NO₃)₂ solution, rather than MgO, to the alcoholic slurry of PbO and Nb₂O₅. The 0.9PMN-0.1PT powder sintered to >96% relative density via heat treatment for 2 h at temperatures of 900°-1200°C. The highest room-temperature dielectric constant (epsilon_rt) was 24700 at 1 kHz for the samples that were sintered at 1100°C; however, the samples that were sintered at 900°C still had epsilon_rt values of 22600 at 1 kHz.