田菁胶对陶瓷矿物悬浮体流变性,触变性作用机理的研究

本文从流变学和胶体化学角度,研究了一种典型的阴离子型有机大分子——羧甲基钠盐田菁胶对陶瓷原料中的四种基本矿物:高岭石、蒙脱石、长石、石英其悬浮体的流变性及对高岭石和蒙脱石悬浮体触变性的作用及规律:对于认识大分子有机添加物对陶瓷泥浆工艺性能作用是有益的。     

多糖高聚物对长石,石英,矾土吸附机理的研究

本文通过红外吸收光谱、差热分析、透射电镜等分析手段,就陶瓷泥料改性所用的一种典型阴离子型多糖高聚物——羧甲基钠盐田菁胶,其对长石、石英和熟矾土的吸附机理进行了研究,确定了它们的吸附性质和方式.并通过差热曲线峰面积的测定,计算出不同吸胶试样的相对吸附量.     

蒙脱石对聚羧酸减水剂的层间吸附特性

为了研究集料中泥土的矿物组成对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附性能,采用总有机碳测定仪测定了水泥以及蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石对浓度为4g/L的聚羧酸减水剂溶液中聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量。结果表明：蒙脱石对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量最大,约为水泥颗粒的3倍,伊利石和高岭石的吸附量也比水泥颗粒略大。并对吸附了聚羧酸减水剂的蒙脱石进行热重、Fourier 红外光谱、X 射线衍射分析,测定了其所含的有机官能团以及层间距变化,结果表明聚羧酸减水剂吸附进入了蒙脱石的层间,这是造成其吸附量大于其他矿物的主要原因。     

页岩中黏土矿物吸附特性分子模拟

页岩的吸附解吸特性对页岩气资源开发具有重要意义。为深入了解页岩中黏土矿物微观吸附机理, 利用Material Studio 分子模拟软件构建了伊利石、蒙脱石和高岭石3种黏土矿物分子模型, 采用巨正则Monte Carlo(GCMC)方法对3种模型的等温吸附量和吸附热进行了模拟计算。研究表明, 在相同温度和压力条件下3种黏土矿物对CH₄分子的吸附量大小顺序是伊利石>蒙脱石>高岭石;随压力增大3种黏土矿物对CH₄分子的吸附量均有所增加, 而且伊利石和蒙脱石对CH₄分子的吸附量对压力变化更为敏感;3种黏土矿物的等量吸附热均小于42 kJ·mol^-1, 对CH₄的吸附为物理吸附;随着温度的升高, CH₄分子的吸附热和吸附量均减小。     

蒙脱石和高岭石吸附水溶液中重金属离子的实验研究

综述了近几年研究人员以蒙脱石、高岭石和膨润土作为吸附材料,去除水溶液中的砷、镉、铬、铜、铅几种重金属离子。通过酸性活化改性,有机分子嫁接改性,纳米氧化物涂层和柱撑等手段,提高了粘土矿物的吸附性能,达到更好的吸附效果。结果表明有机改性更有利于蒙脱石等粘土矿物对于重金属离子的吸附,同时指出pH是影响吸附效果的关键因素。     

田菁胶物理改性

清江化工研究所对田菁胶的物理改性进行了试验,已取得一定成效,亦经技术鉴定。田菁是一种生长于盐碱地区的豆科植物,取其种子提取田菁胶,目前田菁胶主要使用于油田开发中作油井的压裂液,可使石油产量提高,随着我国石油工业迅猛发展,对田菁胶的需用量越来越大,对其质量也要求得到保证。     

蒙脱石有机改性对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯吸附的影响

以钠蒙脱石和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)有机改性蒙脱石为吸附剂对水溶液中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)进行了静态吸附对比。考察吸附时间、溶液初始p H等因素对吸附效果的影响,研究了DBP在蒙脱石有机改性前后的两种吸附剂上的吸附机制。结果表明,有机改性后的蒙脱石吸附效果更好,吸附的主要机制是表面吸附,有机改性蒙脱石还存在分配吸附作用。     

粘土矿物成分对聚羧酸减水剂吸附性能的研究

劣质砂石料中的含泥对聚羧酸减水剂的性能具有强烈的抑制作用,表现为混凝土坍落度损失快,工作性能变差等.通过对粘土中蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石等粘土矿物成分的砂浆流动度和吸附量随时间变化规律的研究,表明蒙脱石对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附能力最强.从分析矿物的晶体结构上探讨了粘土矿物成分对聚羧酸减水剂吸附的作用机理.     

H2O2对田菁胶的氧化降解性能研究

摘要：以H2O2为氧化剂对田菁胶进行氧化降解。在25—70℃的范围内，H2O2对淀粉的氧化降解性能先增加后减弱，在45℃时达到最好；最佳反应时间为120min，延长反应时间，淀粉的粘度不再有明显变化；对于200mL1％的田菁胶溶液，H2O2的合适用量为2mL；另外，在中性条件下，H2O2对田菁胶的降解效果较好。田菁胶降解前后的红外光谱表明，田菁胶粘度下降的主要原因是高分子链的断裂，即田菁胶分子量的降低所致。     

改性田菁胶的研制

本文对田菁胶的改性提出了一套湿法加工工艺,并对该工艺的机理作出了探讨。改性田菁胶的粘度及水合速度均与古尔胶相当。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.