基于SGS模型与AHP的侦测无人机造型设计研究

目的 为了满足无人机用户需求,完善侦测无人机造型设计方法,进一步拓展产品设计路径。方法 将管理学中的门径管理模型(SGS)融入产品系统开发设计流程;调研用户需求并结合层次分析法(AHP)构建判断矩阵,计算各个设计指标权重并排序,以此促进设计决策,完成侦测无人机造型设计方案;采用7点量表法进行初步方案设计评价,验证设计模型和过程的科学性。结论 以侦测无人机造型设计为例,通过构建SGS产品系统开发模型,运用AHP分析方法进行设计方案指标决策,为侦测无人机造型设计拓展设计路径,为相关产品的设计提供新思路。     

基于QFD与FBS的可移动电力检测设备创新设计

目的为了客观准确地将目标用户认知需求转化为产品技术特性的设计要求,提升可移动电力检测设备目标用户认知需求满意度及明确产品创新方向,提出QFD和FBS集成的创新设计模式。方法首先,通过访谈和问卷调研获取用户需求,借助AHP法求解用户认知需求权重;其次,运用QFD法构建质量屋,明确可移动电力检测设备待改进的关键技术特性指标;最后,将用户旅程图引入FBS的功能—行为—结构展开模型中,以解决可移动电力检测设备的关键技术特性问题,指导产品创新设计。结论QFD与FBS理论的融合应用能够将用户认知需求精准转化为技术特性层面的设计要求,对可移动电力检测设备的人机、造型、功能、收纳等方面的不足提出了相应的解决方案,实现了用户认知需求与产品技术特性之间的映射转换,证明了该方法具有可行性。     

基于QFD和AHP法的适老浴室柜设计研究

目的 设计出符合老年人实际使用需求的浴室柜产品,更好地帮助他们完成日常起居的生活。方法 以质量功能展开(QFD)理论和层次分析法(AHP)作为理论支撑,构建适老浴室柜质量屋(HOQ)设计理论模型,并以此为依据对适老浴室柜进行设计实践。首先通过实地访谈和观察法等方式,获取老年人的行为状况和需求信息,利用KJ法对需求进行聚类和精炼,得到用户需求层次化结构;然后运用AHP法计算出各层需求的权重值;最后利用HOQ理论将用户各项需求转化为适老浴室柜设计特征。结果 依据设计特征得到一款最为符合老年人需求的适老浴室柜设计方案。结论 该方法能够挖掘出用户最为迫切的需求,使设计出的产品更为科学与合理,更好地帮助老年人应对衰老所带来的困扰,同时对同类产品的设计研究也具有重要的参考意义。     

基于KANO–AHP–QFD的水果物流周转箱设计研究

目的 对水果物流周转箱用户需求进行梳理分析,将需求转化为具体设计要素、质量特性,并据此完成该类产品创新设计。方法 基于KANO模型,确定水果物流周转箱在不同应用场景下的用户需求,建立需求框架;应用层次分析法(AHP)对需求框架进行分析,建立包含权重的需求层次结构;基于质量功能配置理论(QFD),确立用户需求与质量特性关系,建立QFD质量屋;以发散性创新、聚合性优化递进方式进行水果物流周转箱设计。结果 建立了准确度和客观性高的水果物流周转箱用户需求框架及QFD质量屋,完成了合理、易用的创新设计方案。结论 对KANO、AHP、QFD方法的综合应用,能更科学地挖掘用户需求,发现产品需要改进的问题;基于综合方法设计的水果物流周转箱,能为该类产品创新提供新思路,为农业物流供应链优化提供最小单元新方案。     

基于AHP、QFD与AD的居家适老座椅设计研究

目的 在老年人的居家养老生活中,“坐”是他们日常最主要的行为之一,运用AHP、QFD及AD等方法,最终实现居家型适老化座椅的创新设计研究。方法 综合分析了适老化家具市场现状,明确了设计缺口,实地调研挖掘用户需求,运用AHP确定目标用户需求权重,QFD确定设计需求权重,最后使用AD对QFD进行修正,以补充设计方案策略评价中的不足;通过构建相关产品功能概念矩阵,设计一款满足老年人生理及心理需求的居家适老化座椅。结论 明确了用户需求,分析了适老化座椅的设计特征,设计出一款座椅产品;借助适老化功能座椅实际模型,验证AHP、QFD、AD方法的可靠性与安全性,为适老化座椅系列产品设计研究提供了一定的参考依据,为未来开发适老化家具提供了研究思路。     

基于QFD与AHP的诊疗床创新设计研究

目的 为提升医生和患者在使用诊疗床过程中的满意度,提高诊疗床的可靠性和实用性,探索诊疗床的创新设计方法。方法 构建QFD和AHP的应用模型,通过用户访谈得出核心用户需求,并利用QFD将核心用户需求转化为设计特性。根据QFD得出的结论结合AHP建立诊疗床设计特性的层次结构模型,针对每个层级建立判断矩阵,通过权重计算得出需优先考虑的设计特性。结果 经计算得出需优先考虑的设计特性,分别是垫布替换结构、废物收纳结构、整体结构、材料与工艺,以此4项为切入点进行诊疗床的创新设计。结论 集成QFD和AHP的应用模型,既能够满足用户需求,还能够系统准确地判断设计指标,完成方案决策,有效开发产品,提高设计效率。该应用模型可以为诊疗床的创新设计提供方法指导和理论参考,并具有一定借鉴意义。     

基于AHP/QFD/TRIZ的景区共享代步车创新设计研究

目的 针对家庭用户使用现有景区共享代步车出现的乘坐拥挤、缺少安全防护、运营成本高、续航不足等问题,构建集成AHP/QFD/TRIZ方法的创新流程进行设计研究以获得解决方案。方法 首先,使用层次分析法拆解并量化景区代步车用户需求;其次,导入质量屋模型建立相关关系矩阵,完成从用户需求到产品设计特性的转化;最后,根据该模型识别的产品特性冲突,利用TRIZ理论进行化解。结果以创新流程结果和发明原理为依据,对代步车驾驶舱、座椅、续航、导览等方面的需求提出解决措施,并对优化后的方案进行客观合理性和主观满意度的验证评价。结论 构建了集成AHP层次分析法、QFD质量功能展开和TRIZ创新理论的产品创新设计流程,以此完成景区共享代步车设计研究,方案评价结果表明该流程导出的设计方案更符合用户需求,具备功能创新价值。     

基于iNPD与AHP的老年人陪护产品创新设计

目的我国老龄化现象显著,老年人问题日益增多,由于未来保姆和护工人员的短缺,为老年人用户群体设计出满足多种需求的陪护产品势在必行。方法运用iNPD与AHP方法指导老年人陪护产品设计,用SET因素分析,寻找产品机会缺口;通过对老年人、子女和医护人员进行问卷调查,明确老年人用户对陪护产品的多种需求;利用层次分析法和解释结构模型法对用户需求进行整理和排序;对设计概念进行权衡筛选,得出设计概念;制作产品模型,检查外观和结构合理性,优化设计。结论针对老年人用户需求分析的复杂性和陪护产品创新设计的科学性,得出结合iNPD和AHP的创新设计模型及一项概念产品设计。以案例实证方式验证iNPD与AHP方法相结合的可行性与合理性,为老年人多功能陪护产品创新设计研究完善思路与方向。     

基于QFD的情感化台灯创新设计

目的 将无意识设计的理念融入交互创新中,将用户体验放在首位,设计出一款创新性的台灯家居产品.方法 对台灯现状和台灯的设计现状进行总结,运用KJ法对台灯的用户需求进行调研,按照情感化的三层次理论拆解、分析为造型需求、使用需求、用户体验需求3个方面,其中在用户体验需求中在人机交互的背景下从符合行为习惯、操作便捷、创新交互方式3个方面对台灯家居设计进行创新.基于质量功能展开理论,将用户的需求要素对应台灯的质量展开要素进行权重计算,根据权重对待解决的质量问题进行排序.结论 最终设计出造型独特、功能实用、用户体验效果好的台灯,通过有温度的情感化设计产品来缓解人们浮躁的心情.QFD理论与情感化设计的结合为未来的设计趋势提供了方向.     

基于AHP/QFD/FBS模型的果园管理机创新设计研究

目的 改善本土农机装备现行设计流程在方案创新中的不足,实现果园管理机要素的优化和设计的创新。方法 面向农业4.0场景应用,引入工业设计创新思维到农机装备设计,构建层次分析法(AHP)、质量功能展开(QFD)和FBS(Function-Behavior-Structure)模型相结合的创新设计流程。首先,通过AHP和QFD的分析过程,将用户需求转化为关键产品特性。然后,结合相关特性指标,优化、更新、重组产品功能的内在属性,逐步建立概念性功能系统。最后,通过FBS模型的“功能-行为-结构”映射,求解功能实现的结构载体,以满足产品功能创新和结构要素为设计条件。最终完成果园管理机创新设计。结果 集成AHP/QFD/FBS的创新设计流程包含完整的需求分析、特性发掘、功能创新和结构求解过程。通过设计实践,果园管理机在用户体验、功能配置、适应性和智能化方面得到了提升。结论 该流程在农机装备方案创新中呈现出的有效性,能够为农业4.0中相关产品设计提供新思路和参考。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.