桃宝

形容一个人长得可爱漂亮经常会用到“像水蜜桃一样”的字眼,可以看出桃子在人们的心里是一种非常完美的水果。桃子的果实可以作为水果直接食用,也可以熬成果酱或煮成罐头,香甜而美味,相信很多人都喜欢。除了果实,桃花、桃仁乃至桃树的分泌物桃胶都是天然的好食材,或入药,或入馔,烹制方式不一。     

关于黄桃罐头变色之研究

<正> 桃子罐头是世界上水果罐头中产量最大的品种,我国资源极为丰富,具有大力开发罐头产品的途径和前景。近几年来,浙江奉化、四川龙泉、潼南等地,黄桃水果原料得到迅速发展,产量逐年上升。目前,各生产厂家几乎都将黄桃原料作为罐藏产品加工原料(包括乡镇、个体企业),但是由于生产加工的糖水黄桃罐头产品,不同程度地出现红色和褐色,为解决桃子罐头(黄桃为主)的变色问题,相当部份特别是具有一定规模和产量的生产厂家,将其作为研究的课题。     

豆乳西点十四例

豆乳的味道近似牛乳,其营养成分也不亚于牛乳,真可称之“植物牛乳”。然而,在我国似乎大都是置于杯中直接饮用,饮用的方法极其单调。作为饮料,可以在豆乳中添加咖啡和红茶饮用;将草莓、香蕉、波萝、桔子、桃子等水果切碎,添加到豆乳中,用搅拌器混合 ...     

用桃制“果丹皮”

桃是我国各地都有出产的水果之一,除鲜食外,通常用来加工桃脯、桃干、果酱及糖水桃子罐头等产品.     

澳新食品标准局评估是否允许对11种水果采取辐照处理

<正>2013年10月25日,澳新食品标准局(FSANZ)收到一项关于请求允许对11种水果采取辐照植物检疫处理的申请案。这11种水果分别是苹果、杏、樱桃、油桃、桃子、李子、蜜瓜、硬皮甜瓜、草莓、鲜食葡萄、西葫芦/南瓜。该申请案请求修订《食品标准法典》标准1.5.3-食品辐照,增加上述11种水果,允许出于植物检疫目的,对其进行     

水果去核(去芯)机械的现状及发展前景

本文就仁果类水果(如苹果、海棠等)的去芯机械和核果类水果(如桃子、山楂等)的去核机分别就其现状及主要结构,尤其是水果的定位方法进行了论述,认为采用多刀作业是提高生产效率的关键,文章还对这类加工机械的前景进行了分析和展望。     

水果新吃法评析

盛夏时节，盛满了炎热，也同时开启了水果的盛宴，西瓜、荔枝、杨梅、桃子……各种各样的水果非常诱人，让人忍不住想大快朵颐。洗洗吃、拌沙拉吃、榨汁喝……     

水果新吃法,究竟是为味美还是为健康?

盛夏时节,盛满了炎热,也同时开启了水果的盛宴,西瓜、荔枝、杨梅、桃子……各种各样的水果非常诱人,让你忍不住想大快朵颐。洗洗吃,拌沙拉吃、榨汁喝……这些吃法都OUT了,现在,不少水果达人发明了各种新奇的水果吃法,并借助网络的传播,一传十、十传百、百传千……于是,水果在进入很多人的嘴里都来了个大变身。是搞怪,是新潮,是美味,还是为了健康?     

空气对水果加工中还原型Vc和氧化型Vc含量的影响

研究了切分及打浆工序对猕猴桃、葡萄等六种水果中的还原型Vc和氧化型Vc含量的影响。试验结果表明,水果在切分和打浆过程中产生了氧化型Vc,尤其是香蕉梨和葡萄,果浆中氧化型Vc占总Vc的比例高达79.43%和65.31%。空气是造成水果加工中还原型Vc损失的主要因素,六种水果中还原型Vc损失率最高的是香蕉梨,为58.75%,最低的是桃子,为49.72%。     

张宁益 100%天然爱

2011年,应该是张宁益重新出发的一年。电视栏目、各种活动,都会见到她的身影,还有属于自己的歌曲,参演的电影、电视剧。但这些,都不是我们关注的重点,作为一本宠物杂志,我们更关注张宁益自己世界中的几个宝贝。这几个小家伙,都有很有趣的名字,菠萝、桃子、石榴……在她家,此起彼伏的呼唤声,让你觉得自己进入了一家水果超市,当然,这些水果都是在百分之百天然爱的浇灌下长大的幸福宝贝。     

植酸结合胶红酵母对桃果采后根霉病的控制

为了寻找一种能够代替化学杀菌剂控制桃果采后病害的方法,研究了植酸与胶红酵母结合使用对桃果采后根霉病的控制效果。结果表明,0.15%植酸与胶红酵母结合使用能显著降低桃果采后根霉病发病率,防治桃果自然腐烂的发生,并且对果实贮藏品质没有产生不利影响;能诱导桃果多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的提高,同时可以抑制丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加。     

丁香精油对果蔬采后病原菌抑制效应研究

从香辛料中提取出的精油具有良好的抑菌能力，在果蔬天然防腐保鲜剂的开发应用研究中具有重要前景。以丁香为原料，比较了超临界CO2萃取、水蒸汽蒸馏、直接加热水蒸馏所得丁香精油对果蔬采后主要病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明丁香精油对葡萄、冬枣、桃、蒜蓬等果蔬采后主要病原菌具有良好的抑制效果，600mg／L的丁香精油能够完全抑制葡萄灰霉菌、链格孢、冬枣青霉的生长，500mg／L的丁香超临界提取精油对桃灰霉、蒜薹葱鳞灰葡萄孢抑菌率分别为79．3％、85．7％。在二种不同的提取方法中，水蒸汽蒸馏的精油抑菌效果最好，超临界CO2萃取次之，直接加热水蒸馏稍筹。     

Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Decay in Peach Fruit at the Cold Environment Using a Self-Developed Handheld Electronic-Nose System

Non-destructive detection of decay in fruit in real time during cold chain is important to recycle the decayed fruit in time for reverse supply chain. Fruit is commonly stored inside external packages during cold chain, making neither manual observation nor optical inspection techniques available to detect the decay in fruit. In this work, the potential of a self-developed handheld electronic nose (e-nose) instrument to non-destructively acquire volatile substances and then detect decay in peach fruit during cold chain (0 °C) was explored. A desktop e-nose instrument was considered as a comparison. The storage days of peach fruit during storage were also predicted by two instruments. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) were used for the classification of decay in peach fruit. Partial least squares regression and LS-SVM were used for the prediction of the storage days. Successive projection algorithm (SPA), uninformation variable elimination (UVE), UVE-SPA, and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling were applied to select the characteristic variables from e-nose data. The best model for the classification of decayed fruit during cold chain by the handheld e-nose instrument had the correct answer rate of prediction of 95.83% (94.64% for healthy samples and 100.00% for decayed samples). The best model for predicting the storage days of peach fruit during cold chain by the handheld e-nose instrument had the residual predictive deviation value of 9.283. The results indicate that the self-developed handheld e-nose system is a simple and non-destructive tool to detect decay in peach fruit during cold storage.     

低温减压贮藏对“川中岛”水蜜桃保鲜效果的影响

研究了不同减压贮藏条件(10、50和90 kPa)对"川中岛"水蜜桃在(4±0.5)℃下贮藏的影响。结果表明:减压贮藏能有效地延缓水蜜桃果实品质下降。其中,经50 kPa处理贮藏效果较好,经其处理的果实褐变程度较低,并明显延缓水蜜桃后熟速率,保持了较高的硬度,与常压对照相比,失重率降低了40.00%,腐烂指数减少了87.50%,保持了水蜜桃较佳的感官品质,对保持水蜜桃色泽、香气、味道有显著效果。     

Combination of salicylic acid and ultrasound to control postharvest blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in peach fruit

The effect of ultrasound (40 kHz, 10 min) and salicylic acid (SA, 0.05 mM) either separately, or combined on blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in peach fruit was investigated. The results showed that the application of SA alone could reduce blue mold, while the use of ultrasound had no effect. Our results also revealed that SA combined with ultrasound treatment was more effective in inhibiting fungal decay during storage than the SA treatment alone. The combined treatment increased the activities of defense enzymes such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, which were associated with higher disease resistance induced by the combined treatment. Furthermore, the combined treatment did not impair the quality parameters of peach fruit after 6 days of storage at 20 °C. These results suggested that the combination of ultrasound and SA treatment may be a useful technique to reduce blue mold in peach fruit.

Industrial relevance

This paper investigates the effect of ultrasound combined with SA on decay incidence of peach fruit. The results presented demonstrate that the effect of the combined treatment on the disease resistance and fruit quality should be considered by processors prior to its adoption as a preservation technique.     

Enhancing disease resistance in peach fruit with methyl jasmonate

BACKGROUND: Peaches are susceptible to microbial decay during postharvest distribution at ambient temperature. To search for effective alternatives to currently used fungicides for disease control, in this study the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on disease resistance and fruit decay of peaches after harvest in response to pathogen attack was investigated. RESULTS: Freshly harvested peaches were treated with 1 µmol L^?1 MeJA vapour at 20 °C for 24 h. At 0, 12, 24 and 36 h after this treatment, both treated and untreated fruits were artificially wounded and inoculated with Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer spore suspension (1 × 10⁵ spores mL^?1) and then incubated at 20 °C for 6 days. MeJA treatment significantly reduced the postharvest diseases. Incubation for 12 h was the optimal length of time after MeJA treatment, resulting in the lowest disease incidence and lesion diameter for all pathogens. The activities of defence enzymes including chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were enhanced by MeJA treatment, and the level of total phenolics in MeJA‐treated fruit was also higher than that in control fruit. In addition, MeJA affected hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)‐metabolising enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and induced a higher level of H₂O₂ during incubation, which might serve as a signal to induce resistance against P. expansum. CONCLUSION: MeJA was effective in reducing decay and might enhance disease resistance in peach fruit by increasing levels of antipathogenic proteins and antimicrobial phenolic compounds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

MONILINIA AND RHIZOPUS DECAY CONTROL DURING CONTROLLED RIPENING OF FREESTONE PEACHES FOR CANNING

ABSTRACT— Decay was controlled when freestone peach fruit, harvested at various stages of maturity ranging from green to straw-color, were dipped in 50% 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCNA) at 1–1/2 and 4 lb/100 gal water and ripened for 5–17 days at 20°C and 90% R.H. Treated fruit had less than 10% decay while untreated fruit developed as much as 61% decay during this period. Regardless of treatment, straw-blush and full-blush fruit held for only 3 days did not develop decay. The most commonly occurring fungus pathogens, Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus stolonifer, were controlled with these treatments. Postharvest DCNA plus captan dip treatments gave more effective decay control than from preharvest field sprays. Concentrations of DCNA or DCNA plus captan required for Monilinia decay control, suggested by preliminary laboratory tests on fruit, were verified by these commercial-size experiments.     

Difference between chitosan and oligochitosan in growth of Monilinia fructicola and control of brown rot in peach fruit

Chitosan (CS) and oligochitosan (OCS), as natural antifungal agents, have been primarily used as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides to control postharvest diseases of fruits. The effectiveness of these two agents on the growth of Monilinia fructicola to control brown rot has not yet been reported. Both spore germination and mycelial growth of M. fructicola were strongly inhibited by CS and OCS treatments in this study. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of both agents was more obvious on mycelial growth than on spore germination. By comparison of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of each, OCS treatment conferred a little better inhibitory effect on fungal growth in vitro, but the effectiveness of both treatments on brown rot control in peach fruit stored at 25 °C was very similar. The integrity of the plasma membrane of CS- or OCS-treated spores was obviously lower than that of the control. Cytoplasm leakage was significantly higher in chitosan-treated mycelia than that of the control. These results suggest that both chitosan and oligochitosan used in this study are promising natural fungicides for control of brown rot of peach.     

1-MCP和预贮对深州蜜桃采后生理和品质的影响

为保持深州蜜桃冷藏期间良好的品质, 延长贮藏时间, 采用1 . 0 μ L / L 1 - 甲基环丙烯
（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）熏蒸和预贮（8 ℃、5 d转入0 ℃）的方法对采后深州蜜桃进行处理,测定0 ℃冷
藏期间果实呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和品质的变化。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够明显抑制桃果实冷藏期间的呼吸速
率和乙烯释放速率,推迟呼吸高峰期的出现;同时延缓了果实软化,抑制可溶性固形物含量上升,降低了果实的褐
变指数和腐烂指数;预贮促进了果实后熟,但预贮和1-MCP处理均明显降低了贮藏期果实褐变度和酚类物质含量,
二者结合处理对抑制果实褐变效果最佳。     

Monitoring of pesticide residues in fresh peaches produced under conventional and integrated crop management cultivation.

The frequency and severity of crop protection product (pesticide) contamination of peaches grown conventionally were compared with those of peaches grown by integrated crop management (ICM). The peach samples (n = 150) were collected preharvest (June-August 2001) from both conventional (n = 55) and ICM (n = 95) cultivations from the Pella and Imathia districts of Macedonia, Northern Greece. The residue levels of selected insecticides, fungicides and acaricides in peach samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following solid-phase extraction. The concentrations of all detected pesticides were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in all peach samples grown with the ICM system (p<0.001). However, chlorpyrifos residues at levels higher than the MRLs were detected in four peach samples (i.e. 7% of the total samples) grown by the conventional system. Comparing the results for both cultivation methods with the reported average percentage (3.6%) of fruit samples with pesticide residues above the MRLs (European Union report for Greece in 2001), it was concluded that the initial implementation of the ICM in Greece was successful. The present study indicates that ICM cultivation has a higher efficiency in terms of product safety and quality. Furthermore, the results suggest that the application of conventional cultivation requires continuous monitoring of various crop protection product levels.