炭材料的高温抗氧化研究进展

炭材料抗氧化问题一直是研究的重点。本文阐述了炭材料的氧化行为，简单介绍了炭材料的各种氧化防护方法。并以涂层法为重点，综述了炭材料的高温抗氧化的研究进展情况。     

磷酸盐浸渍泡沫炭的抗氧化性能研究

泡沫炭材料具有轻质、高比强度及独特的热性能.将在1200℃下炭化后的煤基泡沫炭在真空度为-0.1MPa下,用磷酸-磷酸盐的混合溶液进行浸渍,并经900℃固化2h制成高热稳定性的泡沫炭材料.利用热重分析仪(TG)及在空气中700℃下煅烧1h的方法研究了泡沫炭浸渍前后的抗氧化性能变化情况.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)探讨了抗氧化涂层的结构变化及其抗氧化机理.实验结果表明:采用磷酸盐溶液浸渍泡沫炭可在其表面形成均匀致密的玻璃态涂层,使泡沫炭的抗氧化性能有了明显的提高,扩展了泡沫炭材料在高温工程领域中应用范围.     

炭/炭复合刹车材料的防氧化技术研究进展

从炭／炭复合材料氧化特点、抗氧化要求出发，综述了基体改性技术和涂层技术，对炭／炭复合材料防氧化研究进展进行了详细的介绍，提出了对其高温抗氧化研究方向的一些观点。     

人工神经网络用于炭／炭复合材料CVD SiC涂层的研究

炭／炭复合材料抗氧化涂层是该材料可否用于高温结构件的关键。将人工神经网络用于CVDSiC抗氧化涂层的建模,试图解决该过程影响因素复杂、数学模型难于建立、无法对整个过程进行有效预测和控制的问题。初步探讨表明,采用人工神经网络建模,可以比较确切与全面地反映CVDSiC涂层过程的影响因素和内在规律,预测的工艺参数与沉积速率的关系同实验结果吻合较好,由此证实了将人工神经网络应用于抗氧化涂层制备系统是可行的。     

多孔隔热炭材料用SiC复合涂层的制备及抗氧化性能研究

多孔炭毡是优异的高温隔热保温材料,但使用过程中的微氧化问题将直接导致材料的氧化失效。本文采用刷涂反应法,在炭毡表面依次制备了预炭层及SiC复合涂层,借助X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析涂层的物相组成以及微观结构,探究了在1 200℃、1 400℃反应烧结制备的SiC复合涂层的结构和抗氧化性能差异。结果表明:在大气环境进行加速老化的抗氧化测试中,800℃氧化25 min后,炭毡的失重率为40%,1 200℃制备的SiC涂层具有较好的抗氧化性能,失重率仅为14.9%;1 000℃氧化25 min后,炭毡的失重率达70%,1 200℃、1 400℃制备的SiC复合涂层抗氧化性能差别不明显,氧化失重率约为16.9%。     

炭/炭复合材料抗氧化研究现状

总结了炭/炭复合材料抗氧化研究现状,重点介绍了抗氧化涂层的制备方法,包括包埋浸渍法、化学气相沉积(CVD)、溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)和水热电沉积法以及近几年针对抗氧化涂层开裂问题各国学者的最新研究成果。提出了炭/炭复合材料抗氧化研究今后努力的方向。     

碳化硅涂层在单晶硅用炭/炭热场材料中的应用及研究进展

碳化硅涂层是目前解决单晶硅生产用炭/炭热场材料高温侵蚀的有效手段之一,本文介绍了碳化硅涂层的制备技术及优缺点,综述了碳化硅涂层在炭/炭热场材料领域的应用及研究进展,对炭/炭热场材料高温抗侵蚀涂层的发展提出了建议和方向。     

炭／炭复合材料高温抗氧化研究的现状

对炭／炭复合材料的高温抗氧化研究现状进行了全面介绍,重点侧重于抗氧化涂层制备方法及研究的最新进展。在此基础上,提出了1650℃以上抗氧化涂层研究的新思路。     

人工神经网络用于炭/炭复合材料CVD SiC涂层的研究

炭／炭复合材料抗氧化涂层是该材料可否用于高温结构件的关键。将人工神经网络用于ＣＶＤＳｉＣ抗氧化涂层的建模,试图解决该过程影响因素复杂、数学模型难于建立、无法对整个过程进行有效预测和控制的问题。初步探讨表明,采用人工神经网络建模,可以比较确切与全面地反映ＣＶＤＳｉＣ涂层过程的影响因素和内在规律,预测的工艺参数与沉积速率的关系同实验结果吻合较好,由此证实了将人工神经网络应用于抗氧化涂层制备系统是可行的     

炭材料抗氧化研究进展：Ⅰ.实现炭材料抗氧化的主要途径

对炭材料抗氧化问题的研究进展情况进行评述，对浸渍法、涂层法、自愈合等抗氧化方法进行分类论述，并细致分析不同方法的抗氧化效果以及各自的优缺点。     

C/C复合材料的高温抗氧化研究进展

以设计思路的发展演化为线索,结合国内外近年的研究报道,从选材的性能要求、组成、抗氧化机理、成功范例及制备工艺的角度出发,分别对抗氧化涂层技术以及抗氧化基体改性技术进行了介绍。特别选取了近年在碳／碳复合材料抗氧化研究中报道较少的制备技术进行详细介绍,其中包括涂层技术中的超临界态流体工艺、溶胶－凝胶法、熔浆法、PACVD法以及基体改性技术的快速致密化工艺。这一领域内的中外研究也进行了对比,并在文章最后提出了对于碳／碳复合材料高温氧化保护研究方向的一些看法。     

炭/炭复合材料高温抗氧化研究进展

综述了炭／炭复合材料的高温抗氧化研究现状；阐述了炭-石墨材料的氧化机理和炭／炭复合材料的氧化规律；分别对改性技术和外部涂覆技术的研究结果进行了总结，并提出了对于炭／炭复合材料高温抗氧化研究方向的一些看法。     

炭/炭复合材料抗氧化研究进展

C／C复合材料的高温氧化性能限制了其在高温领域的广泛应用。本文简要介绍了C／C复合材料的氧。化机理及两种主要的抗氧化技术，即抗氧化涂层技术和内部抗氧化技术，并就涂层的结构和发展趋势作了简要介绍。介绍了添加抑制剂磷和硼对C／C复合材料的高温氧化抑制，重点分析了将硼引入C／C复合材料的方法及硼在其中的接触氧化抑制和优先分配。对C／C复合材料的最新进展情况作了简要介绍，并对C／C复合材料高温抗氧化的研究方向提出自己的看法。     

Advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of high and ultra-high temperature ceramics modified or coated carbon/carbon composites

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are considered as one of the most promising materials in structural applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. However, C/C composites are susceptible to high-temperature oxidation. Matrix modification and coating technology with ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have proved to be highly effective to improve the oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites. In this paper, recent advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites were firstly reviewed, with attention to oxidation and ablation properties of C/C composites coated or modified with UHTCs. Then, several new methods in improving oxidation and ablation resistance were discussed, such as by using nanostructures to toughen UHTCs coatings or carbon matrix and the combination of matrix modification and coating technology. In addition, relevant ablation tests with scaled models were also briefly introduced. Finally, some open problems and future challenges were highlighted in the development and application of these materials.     

Preparation and characterization of sol–gel Al2O3/Ni–P composite coatings on carbon steel

Ceramic films have been applied to improve the resistance against high temperature oxidation of carbon steels. Alumina film was prepared on carbon steel surface by a dip coating technique. Electroless Ni–P plating film has been pre-deposited as an intermediate layer to improve the adherence of the film to carbon steel substrate. The oxidation kinetics of coated sample was investigated by measuring weight gain at 800 °C for 100 h. The surface and cross-section morphology of samples before and after oxidation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and element distribution at the interface of the coated samples were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and EMAX.The results show that the composite coating is uniform. The alumina coating adhesion strength to the substrate is up to 20 ± 2 N in scratch test because the alumina film presents interdiffusion of nickel and aluminum during heat treatment. The oxidation resistance test indicates higher oxidation resistance of as-coated carbon steel comparing to uncoated ones.     

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) for Characterizing Oxidation Damage in Cracked Reinforced Carbon–Carbon

In this study, coated reinforced carbon–carbon (RCC) samples of similar structure and composition as that from the NASA space shuttle orbiter's thermal protection system were fabricated with slots in their coating simulating craze cracks. These specimens were used to study oxidation damage detection and characterization using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. These specimens were heat treated in air at 1143°C and 1200°C to create cavities in the carbon substrate underneath the coating as oxygen reacted with the carbon and resulted in its consumption. The cavities varied in diameter from approximately 1 to 3 mm. Single-sided NDE methods were used because they might be practical for on-wing inspection, while X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) was used to measure cavity sizes in order to validate oxidation models under development for carbon–carbon materials. An RCC sample having a naturally cracked coating and subsequent oxidation damage was also studied with X-ray micro-CT. This effort is a follow-on study to one that characterized NDE methods for assessing oxidation damage in an RCC sample with drilled holes in the coating.     

碳纤维表面处理

介绍了碳纤维表面气相氧化、液相氧化、阳极氧化、化学涂层、电聚合涂层和冷等离子体等6种处理方法。用冷等离子体方法处理碳纤维表面可提高复合材料层间剪切强度、模量、耐湿热性能及材料的韧性,是目前最有发展前途的处理方法之一。