Cu-Mg-Al催化剂催化甲醇裂解制氢的研究

利用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同铜镁铝摩尔比的Cu-Mg-Al催化剂,并用于固定床上甲醇裂解制氢的研究。采用BET、XRD、H_2-TPR和CO_2-TPD等表征手段对催化剂的结构和物化性质进行表征,并分析其对甲醇制氢反应催化性能的影响。结果表明,以1∶2∶1的铜镁铝摩尔比制得的催化剂对甲醇裂解制氢反应具有较高的催化活性,可改善前驱体的结晶度,增大催化剂的比表面积,增强催化剂的可还原性和碱性,从而提高了甲醇裂解制氢的转化率和气体收率,并抑制了液相副产物的生成。使用该催化剂,在压力为1. 0 MPa、反应温度为280℃、体积空速为0. 5 h~(-1)的反应条件下,甲醇的转化率为99. 28%,气体收率为97. 75%,液相副产物质量分数为1. 25%,反应稳定运行180 h后催化剂未发现明显失活。     

用Cp*TiCl3/MAO催化体系合成间规聚苯乙烯

介绍了以Cp TiCl3 为主催化剂、MAO为助催化剂组成催化体系制备间规聚苯乙烯的实验室方法 ,研究了试验条件变化对聚合反应的影响。合适的聚合反应条件是 :反应温度 5 0℃ ,Al/Ti摩尔比在 5 0 0～ 30 0 0之间 ,催化剂浓度 0 .5× 1 0 - 4 ～ 1 .5× 1 0 - 4 mol·L- 1 ,反应时间 1～2h,催化剂有较高的活性 ,聚合反应能平稳进行。得到间规度大于 97%以上的聚苯乙烯 ,并有很高收率     

非晶态合金催化剂用于二乙醇胺脱氢氧化制备亚氨基二乙酸的研究

用自制的非晶态合金催化剂一步催化脱氢氧化二乙醇胺合成亚氨基二乙酸 ,考察了催化剂与二乙醇胺的质量比、反应温度、时间、压力和pH值对亚氨基二乙酸转化率的影响 ,并与其它RaneyCu类催化剂进行了对比。结果表明 ,使用CSGZ - 0 4非晶态合金催化剂进行二乙醇胺脱氢氧化 ,当反应温度为 16 0～ 180℃、压力为 12～ 18MPa、pH值为 12 6 8、催化剂与二乙醇胺质量比为 16 5∶10 0、反应时间为 2 5～ 3h时 ,亚氨基二乙酸的收率≥ 98% ,CSGZ - 0 4催化剂重复使用2 4次时 ,亚氨基二乙酸的收率≥ 95 %     

轻汽油催化裂解生产丙烯催化剂的研究

采用HZSM-5和改性的HZSM-5催化剂,以抚顺石油二厂初馏点约为75℃的催化裂化轻汽油馏份为原料,在实验室连续固定床反应装置上进行了催化裂化轻汽油的催化裂解反应,考察了反应条件对催化裂化轻汽油裂解及芳构化反应的影响和Al2O3作为催化剂载体对HZSM-5催化剂上催化裂解产品分布的影响。研究结果表明,当催化剂中载体组分为30％（wt）时,丙烯收率最高,为38．26％（wt）,芳烃收率为26．26％（wt）,同不使用载体相比,芳烃收率下降了5．1％。     

气相法合成2-甲基-5-乙基-吡啶

以γ-Al2O3为催化剂、三聚乙醛和氨气为原料,气-固催化法合成了2-甲基-5-乙基-毗啶.考察了反应条件对三聚乙醛的转化率和产品收率的影响.合适的反应条件为:原料汽化温度高于150℃;反应温度控制在225～275℃;反应压力控制在0.3～0.6 MPa;氮气用量为理论量的4.5倍;原料空速小于7×10-4 s-1.原料三聚乙醛的转化率可达到97%,产品2-甲基-5-乙基-吡啶的收率可达到70%.该法不仅原料成本比液相法低,而且更容易实现大规模工业连续化生产.     

超强酸La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)TiO_2合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

以稀土固体超强酸La3 + SO42 - TiO2 为催化剂,以对羟基苯甲酸与正丁醇为原料催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,研究了原料量比、催化剂用量和反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明:La3 + SO42 - TiO2 是合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的良好催化剂,在n(丁醇) n(对羟基苯甲酸) =4 0 ,催化剂的用量为对羟基苯甲酸质量的3 5 % ,反应时间4 0h ,反应温度12 0℃～130℃,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的收率达到92 7%。     

环己醇催化脱水制备环己烯的研究

研究了氯化亚锡催化环己醇脱水制备环己烯的反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对脱水反应的影响。结果表明 :在催化剂用量为环己醇质量的 2 0 % ,油浴温度 1 70～ 1 80°C,反应时间 5 0 min,产品收率达 85 .3% ,纯度为 97.3% ,催化剂可重复使用 ,且不对环境造成污染     

十二水合硫酸铁铵催化合成乙酸环己酯

以乙酸和环己醇为原料 ,十二水合硫酸铁铵为催化剂催化合成了乙酸环己酯。在优化反应条件下 ,酯收率达 80 .0 %。优化反应条件如下 :醇酸摩尔比为 1 .0∶2 .0 ,催化剂用量为 1 .5～ 2 .5 g,反应温度为 1 0 2～ 1 38°C。实验结果表明催化剂催化性能高 ,反应条件温和 ,方法简单 ,收率优良     

对称N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺的合成研究

以二乙胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,经双键保护、催化胺解、催化热裂解、减压精馏等过程制得N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺(DEAA)。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原材料配比对反应结果的影响。实验表明,对于加成反应过程,催化剂用量10%,反应时间12 h,反应温度55℃,甲醇与丙烯酸甲酯的配比为2.5∶1,丙烯酸甲酯的转化率为95.1%,产品收率为93.9%;催化胺解过程:催化剂用量2%,反应时间4 h,反应温度100℃,二乙胺与甲氧基丙酸甲酯的配比为1.15∶1,甲氧基丙酸甲酯的转化率为96.9%,产品收率为92.9%;催化裂解过程,反应时间为3 h,溶剂用量为78%左右,N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺的收率≥79%,产品总收率≥72%。     

固体超强酸催化降解废旧聚乙烯制燃料油的研究

以SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2-La固体超强酸为催化剂催化降解聚乙烯,考察了催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响以及催化剂用量与裂解反应温度等因素对催化裂解反应的影响。实验结果表明：催化剂制备条件为浸渍液H2SO4浓度为1.5mol·L^-1、焙烧温度为550℃、焙烧时间为3h,裂解反应条件为催化剂用量为聚乙烯总量的3.0%、反应温度为460℃时,液体产物收率可达85.5%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.