三维装载与CVRP 联合多目标优化问题的模型及算法

提出三维装载与CVRP联合多目标优化问题(3LCVRPMO)模型,该模型在三维装载约束下的CVRP问题(3LCVRP)的基础上,考虑了配送车辆数目及路径总距离两个目标函数.在权衡装箱和路径优化两个优化过程的基础上,构建了多阶段/两层混合算法架构(MSOTLH)及其算法,并对路径优化偏好的3LCVRPMO问题进行求解.基于3LCVRP问题相关算例的数据实验结果表明,所提出的3LCVRPMO模型及MSOTLH算法是有效的.     

考虑随机旅行时间与二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径优化

面向越库配送模式下二维装载和车辆路径联合优化,考虑现实配送过程的不确定性因素,提出考虑随机旅行时间和二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径问题.基于蒙特卡洛模拟与场景分析方法,建立以运输成本、车辆固定成本以及时间窗期望惩罚成本之和最小化为目标的带修正随机规划模型.继而根据问题特征,设计改进的自适应禁忌搜索算法和基于禁忌搜索的多重排序最佳适应装箱算法进行求解.其中,改进的自适应禁忌搜索算法在禁忌搜索算法的基础上引入自适应机制,对不同邻域算子进行动态选择,并提出基于移除-修复策略的多样性机制以增强算法的寻优能力.数值实验表明,所提出的模型与方法能够有效求解考虑随机旅行时间和二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径问题,自适应与多样性机制能一定程度上增强算法的全局搜索能力.     

帝国竞争算法求解CVRP

针对带容量约束的车辆路径问题(CVRP),提出了一种带分裂机制的帝国竞争算法进行求解。首先,结合CVRP的特性,采用基于贪婪准则的编解码策略实现算法空间到解空间的转换。其次,提出帝国分裂策略来增强算法的全局搜索能力,并结合2-Opt提高算法的局部搜索能力。最后,通过25个基准算例的仿真实验表明:所提算法能有效求解CVRP,所有算例的优化误差不超过1.0%;与已有的帝国竞争算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法、布谷鸟搜索算法相比,所提算法的求解效率更高。     

带最小批量约束的计划问题及其拉格朗日松弛算法

针对一类带最小批量约束的计划问题, 提出了基于拉格朗日松弛策略求解算法. 通过拉格朗日松弛策略, 将原问题转为一系列带最小批量约束的动态经济批量W-W(Wagner-Whitin)子问题. 提出了解决子问题且其时间复杂度O(T³)的最优前向递推算法. 对于拉格朗日对偶问题, 用次梯度算法求解, 获得原问题的下界. 若对偶问题的解是不可行的, 通过固定装设变量, 求解一个剩余的线性规划问题来进行可行化处理. 最后, 数据仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

面向不同目标偏好的CVRP多目标模型及其求解方法*

为了更有效地求解车辆路径问题、全方位地评估物流运输成本,本文提出了面向不同目标偏好的车载能力约束车辆路径问题(CVRP)的多目标优化模型(MOCVRPFDTP),其包括三种不同的偏好结构：装载与CVRP联合优化、绝对最小车辆数偏好及路径优化偏好。为了求解该模型,本文设计了算法架构及具体算法。在实验中,该模型及其求解方法对CVRP国际标准算例VRPLIB的测试结果,显示了令人满意的性能,并且它更适用于实际CVRP问题的求解。     

三阶段优化算法求解带三维装载约束的MDVRP北大核心CSCD

对带三维装载约束的多车场车辆路径问题,以最小化车辆行驶总里程为优化目标,建立问题模型,并提出一种三阶段优化算法进行求解。第一阶段设计带循环平衡的K-medoids聚类算法,将原问题分解成多个带三维装载约束限制的车辆路径子问题。第二阶段提出一种双层结构的超启发式蚁群算法用于求解各子问题,以确定各车辆的配送路径。在该算法中,低层设计9种启发式操作,并将其所构成的排列作为高层个体;同时,高层采用蚁群算法更新高层个体,以引导算法搜索方向。第三阶段以第二阶段所得阶段解作为初始解,设计组合启发式装箱算法对带容积约束的装箱过程进行优化,进而将第二、三阶段确定的解合并为原问题的解。最后,仿真实验和算法比较验证了所提算法的有效性。     

随机需求车辆路径问题及混合变邻域分散搜索算法求解

随机需求车辆路径问题(capacitated vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand,CVRPSD)是对带容量约束车辆路径问题(capacitated vehicle routing problem,CVRP)的扩展,需求不确定的特点使其较CVRP更复杂,对求解方法要求更高.基于先预优化后重调度思想,提出两阶段的混合变邻域分散搜索算法(variable neighborhood scatter search,VNSS)对该问题进行求解:预优化阶段构建随机机会约束规划模型,对客户点随机需求作机会约束确定型等价处理,生成最优预优化方案;重调度阶段采用新的点重优化策略进行线路调整,降低因失败点而产生的额外成本,减少对人工和车辆的占用.算例验证表明,随机机会约束模型和两阶段变邻域分散搜索算法在求解CVRPSD时较为有效,点重优化策略调整效果较佳.     

求解带容量约束车辆路径问题的混合变邻域生物共栖搜索算法

针对带容量约束的车辆路径问题,提出一种混合变邻域生物共栖搜索算法.设计基于客户点优先序列及车辆参考点模拟信息的有序编码,该编码方案使生物共栖搜索算法可以参与CVRP的离散优化;为了提高算法的全局搜索能力,根据有序编码特点构造3种共栖搜索算子,扩大搜索空间;同时,结合变邻域搜索算法设计客户点重置、交换和2-OPT三种局部搜索策略,以提高解方案质量.算例验证分析表明,所提算法能够有效地解决容量约束车辆路径问题,求解质量优于所对比算法,具有可靠的全局稳定性.     

求解CVRP的改进混合蛙跳算法研究

为了求解带有容量约束的车辆路径问题(CVRP),在建立CVRP数学模型的基础上,提出了改进的混合蛙跳算法(SFLA),并设计了新的初始群体构造方法.改进后的SFLA采用实数编码方式,融入自适应差分扰动机制及混沌局部搜索策略到局部搜索过程中,在保持SFLA全局收敛性的同时,增强了算法跳出局部最优解的能力,加快了算法收敛速度.通过与其他三种算法进行对比实验,结果表明了改进的SFLA在求解CVRP上的有效性和顽健性.     

求解带容量约束的车辆路径问题的改进伊藤算法

针对车辆路径问题中路径选择未能确定的缺陷,引入蚁群算法对客户点选取规则进行决策。此外,采用冷却进度表作为控制温度变化的参数,将漂移和波动过程同步进行来改进根据伊藤随机过程而设计的伊藤算法,并将改进后的算法应用于CVRP的求解。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能有效求解带容量约束的车辆路径问题,取得了理想的结果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。