一种沿区域边界的动态规划立体匹配算法

提出一种基于图像区域分割的立体匹配算法.与通常的沿扫描行进行动态规划的立体匹配算法不同,该算法以图像"区域"为基元计算视差.首先使用相关法得到初始视差,然后利用一种区域边界上的多种子动态规划算法对视差进行精细计算,最终通过插值得到整个图像的稠密视差.实验结果表明,此算法速度较快、可靠性较高.     

一种利用动态规划和左右一致性的立体匹配算法

立体匹配是计算机视觉领域研究的一个重要课题,为了得到准确、稠密的视差图,提出了一种利用动态规划和左右一致性的立体匹配算法。该算法首先分别以左、右图像为基元图像,计算各自的视差空间图像,在视差空间图像上利用动态规划,计算得到左视差图和右视差图;然后通过使用左右视差图之间的一致性关系,消除误匹配点,得到较为准确的部分视差图;最后利用视差图的顺序约束关系,给出未匹配视差点的搜索空间计算方法,并利用一种简单有效的方法来计算这些点的视差值。在一些标准立体图像对上所做的实验结果表明,该算法效果良好。     

基于秩空间的二次立体匹配

提出了一种基于秩空间的区域立体匹配算法。首先对立体图像进行秩（rank）变换,将图像从灰度空间变换到秩空间,消除因噪声和两个摄像机参数不一致产生的干扰,再根据自然视频序列每幅图像多数景物景深变化不大的事实,把视差分解为全局视差与局部视差之和,在秩空间进行二次立体匹配：先在最大窗口内估计全局视差,然后在这个最大窗口内采用块匹配方式进行二次匹配求各点的实际视差。该二次立体匹配算法有效地消除了误匹配,提高正确匹配率。实验结果证明,提出的算法优于传统的基于区域的立体匹配方法。     

提取轮廓图背景控制点的立体匹配算法

针对动态规划匹配算法的误匹配与狭窄遮挡物问题,提出一种在轮廓图中提取背景控制点的立体匹配算法,在立体图像对的轮廓图中选择背景控制点,利用动态规划在视差空间图像中搜索最优路径,根据视差约束以及狭窄遮挡物的判定公式完善视差图。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够降低在视差不连续区域匹配上的误匹配率。     

基于行列双动态规划的立体匹配算法

提出一种基于行列双动态规划的立体匹配算法,采用能量最小化立体匹配模型,其中包含数据项和平滑项,在求解能量最小化过程中,在行方向上利用动态规划的方法给出视差图的能量最小化解,利用行动态规划的求解结果给予对应数据项一个奖励,同时在列方向上对视差图进行动态规划求解,并将其作为最终求解结果。实验结果表明,该算法能够取得较理想的效果。     

基于立体匹配的低纹理图像重构算法

针对立体匹配中低纹理区域容易产生误匹配及传统动态规划固有的条纹问题,提出一种改进的基于双目立体视觉的低纹理图像三维重构算法。该算法首先基于像素间相似度和像素自身特异性计算匹配代价并引入一种自适应多边形支撑区域聚集匹配度。然后采用一种全局意义的简单树形动态规划进行逐点匹配。最后基于左右一致性准则运用一种简单有效的视差校正方法消除误匹配得到最终视差图。实验证明将算法运用于实拍低纹理灰度图像的匹配,得到轮廓光滑清晰的三维点云,说明该方法的适用性。     

基于线性滤波的树结构动态规划立体匹配算法

传统的动态规划立体匹配算法能有效保证匹配精度的同时提高运行速度, 但得到的视差深度图会出现明显的条纹现象,同时在图像弱纹理区域以及边缘存在较高的误匹配. 针对该问题,提出了一种新的基于线性滤波的树形结构动态规划立体匹配算法. 算法首先运用改进的结合颜色和梯度信息参数可调的自适应测度函数构建左右图像的匹配代价, 然后以左图像为引导图对构建的匹配代价进行滤波; 再运用行列双向树形结构的动态规划算法进行视差全局优化, 最后进行视差求精得到最终的视差图.理论分析和实验结果都表明, 本文的算法能有效地改善动态规划算法的条纹现象以及弱纹理区域和边缘存在的误匹配.     

一种用于立体图像匹配的改进稀疏匹配算法

立体匹配有着广泛的应用前景,是计算机视觉领域的研究热点。立体匹配是立体视觉中最为关键和困难的一步,它的目标是计算标识匹配像素位置的视差图。文中提出的立体匹配算法基于置信传播（Belief Propagation,BP）。左图像首先经过非均匀采样,得到一个内容自适应的网格近似表示。算法的关键是使用基于置信传播的立体匹配算法,匹配稀疏的左图像和右图像得到稀疏视差图。通过左图像得到网格,稀疏视差图可以经过简单的插值得到稠密视差图。实验结果表明,该方法与现有稀疏立体匹配技术相比在视差图质量上平均有40％的提高。     

基于双目视觉的立体匹配算法研究

根据立体匹配原理,采用双目摄像头对图像进行采集,通过对摄像机的标定和图像立体校正、图像分割与立体匹配得到最后的视差图;根据最后的视差图以及算法的速度来评价算法的性能。实验结果表明,图像的视差图十分接近真实视差图,效果明显。     

基于边缘检测的视差图效果优化

在立体视觉中,匹配之后得到的视差图利用投影模型可以得到原图像的深度信息和三维信息。为了达到提高立体匹配的精度与速度的目的,提高视差图的质量成为了立体匹配的核心问题。利用Canny检测算法、Sobel检测算法、Scharr检测算法对双目图像进行边缘提取。在此基础上,分别使用BM(Boyer-Moore algorithm)算法、SGBM(Semi-global block Matching)算法以及DP(Dynamic programming)算法进行立体匹配,并且分别计算视差图及误匹配率。经分析,Canny检测算法与SGBM算法相结合的方法剔除了大量不相关信息,大幅度减少数据的处理量。选取真实场景图片对该方法进行结论验证。实验结果表明,该方法提高了视差图的质量。     

一种测量高光物体的双目Helmholtz立体视觉方法

提出了一种基于迭代动态规划的双目Helmholtz立体视觉算法,并将其应用于高光物体的测量。算法首先对获取的Helmholtz图像对作图像校正,然后确定扫描线的端点,最后设计了一种迭代动态规划方法建立匹配获取视差图,从而恢复出高光物体的表面深度。实验采用光线跟踪方法获取带有高光的双目Helmholtz图像,视差图结果表明该方法能够有效地恢复出高光物体的深度信息。     

基于控制点的分层双向动态规划立体匹配算法

提出一种基于控制点的分层双向动态规划立体匹配算法．首先，利用改进Volumetric迭代算法获取具有高可靠度的控制点，将其作为具有正确视差的匹配点．其次，在高可靠度控制点的指导下，利用分层双向动态规划算法在DSI（disparity-space image）视差空间图中进行初匹配，进而在Delta DSI（delta disparity-space image）视差变化空间图中进行精匹配，从而获取高密度视差图．实验结果表明，该算法不仅可以改善传统直接动态规划立体匹配算法产生的带状条纹瑕疵，而且计算速度较快，匹配结果也优于传统动态规划的匹配结果．     

行列双动态规划的改进自适应立体匹配算法

在各种立体匹配算法中,利用动态规划算法求解可有效地提高立体匹配的速度和精确度,同时具有实时性好、易于实现的优点。利用动态规划算法的优点,提出一种基于行列动态规划的自适应立体匹配算法,采用改进的自适应代价函数和能量最小化模型,对最优化问题进行求解。在求解的过程中,基于行动态规划得到的列方向视差值的变化给予对应数据项不同的奖励值,以减少行动态规划产生的明显条纹,最后使用列动态规划得出最终结果。实验结果表明,该算法能够减少总体的匹配错误率,减少明显的条纹瑕疵,取得较理想的立体匹配效果。     

Stereo matching algorithm with guided filter and modified dynamic programming

Dense stereo correspondence is a challenging research problem in computer vision field. To address the poor accuracy behavior of stereo matching, we propose a novel stereo matching algorithm based on guided image filter and modified dynamic programming. Firstly, we suggest a combined matching cost by incorporating the absolute difference and improved color census transform (ICCT). Secondly, we use the guided image filter to filter the cost volume, which can aggregate the costs fast and efficiently. Then, in the disparity computing step, we design a modified dynamic programming algorithm, which can weaken the scanning line effect. At last, final disparity maps are gained after post-processing. The experimental results are evaluated on Middlebury Stereo Datasets, showing that our approach can achieve good results both in low texture and depth discontinuity areas with an average error rate of 5.14 % and strong robustness.     

Fast spatio-temporal stereo for intelligent transportation systems

This paper presents a fast approach for matching stereoscopic images acquired by stereo cameras mounted aboard a moving car. The proposed approach exploits the spatio-temporal consistency between consecutive frames in stereo sequences to improve matching results. This means that the matching process at current frame uses the matching results obtained at its preceding one. The preceding frame allows to compute an Initial Disparity Map for the current frame. The initial disparity map is used to derive disparity ranges for each scanline as well as what we call Matching Control Edge Points. Dynamic programming is performed for matching edge points in stereo pairs. The matching control edge points are used to drive the search for an optimal solution in the search plane. This is accomplished by dividing the dynamic programming search space into a number of subspaces depending on the number of the matching control edge points. The proposed approach has been tested both on virtual and real stereo images sequences demonstrating satisfactory performance.     

Stereo matching using weighted dynamic programming on a single-direction four-connected tree

In recent years, stereo matching based on dynamic programming (DP) has been widely studied and various tree structures are proposed to improve the matching accuracy. However, previous DP-based algorithms do not incorporate all the smoothness functions determined by the edges between the adjacent pixels in the image, which will usually lead to lower matching accuracies. In this paper, we propose a novel stereo matching algorithm based on weighted dynamic programming on a single-direction four-connected (SDFC) tree. The SDFC tree structure is a new tree structure which includes all the edges in the image and the disparity of a pixel can be affected by all the edges in the image. However, in the SDFC tree, conventional DP-based algorithms will make the pixels that are far away from the root node provide higher energy than the nearby pixels, which will decrease the matching accuracy. So, the weighted dynamic programming approach is proposed to optimize the energy function on the new tree structure, and all the pixels in the SDFC tree are treated equivalently. Dynamic programming in the SDFC tree of every pixel in the image separately is very time-consuming, so a fast DP optimization method is designed for the SDFC tree, which reduces the computational complexity of the proposed weighted DP algorithm to 12 times of conventional DP based algorithm. Experiments show that our algorithm not only produces quite smooth and reasonable disparity maps which are close to the state-of-the-art results, but also can be implemented quite efficiently. Performance evaluations on the Middlebury data set show that our method ranks top in all the DP-based stereo matching algorithms, even better than the algorithms that apply segmentation techniques. Experimental results in an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) test bed show that our algorithm gets very good matching results in different outdoor conditions, even on the asphaltic road which is considered to be textureless. This illustrates the robustness of our algorithm.     

自适应窗口的时间规整立体匹配算法

针对立体视觉中图像对应点的误匹配问题,以时间规整算法(DTW)为基础,提出了自适应窗口的立体匹配算法．根据外极线的约束,在自适应窗口内采用灰度相关技术得到长度不相等的两个灰度段作为相容的匹配序列;利用动态规划法及连续性约束寻找一条最佳的匹配路径．根据回溯得到的匹配路径及其坐标值得到高密度视差图．实验结果表明,该算法具有较高的运行效率和良好的匹配效果．